2. A narrative is a text or tells a story
and, in going so, entertains the
audience. The purpose of a
narrative, other than entertainment,
can be to make them think about an
issue, teach them a lesson, or excite
their emotions.
3. in short, the purpose is :
to amuse or entertain the readers with
actual or imaginary experiences in
difference ways.
It always deals with some problems
which lead to the climax and then turn
into a solution to the problem.
4. Narratives can be presented as
written or spoken texts. Written
narratives often take the form of
novels. The story is normally told by
the narrator.
5. Language Features
The use of noun phrases
The use of connectives
The use of adverbial phrases of time and place
The use of the simple past tense
The use of action verbs
The use of saying verbs
The use of thinking verbs, feeling verbs, verbs of
senses.
The use of direct and indirect speech.
The use pronoun
The use of adjectives
7. The Generic Structure
Orientation
(who were involved in the story, when
and where)
Complication
(a problem arises followed by other
problems)
Resolution
(solution to the problem)
8.
9.
10.
11. noun phrases
Noun phrases are
E.g.: a young beautiful princess, a huge
temple, a dense forest
12. connectives
Connectives are words used to
connect words or phrases or sentences.
E.g.: first, before that, after, then,
finally.
13. adverbial phrases of time and
place
Adverbial phrases of time and place are phrases
used to show the place and the time the story
happened.
E.g.: in the garden, two days ago
14. the simple past tense
Past tense is usually used to denote the existence of or
to give information about a person or a thing happened in the
past.
It is almost always used with the past time markers
such as: a long time ago, once upon a time, yesterday,
last time, a year ago etc.
The rules of past tense:
S + to be (was, were) + complement + adv.
S + V2 + O + adv.
The examples of past tense:
Roro Jonggrang was sad.
Bandung Bondowoso killed Prabu Baka.
15. action verbs
Action verbs are the words used to ask,
request or command.
They are used to express an action.
E.g.: walk, bring, go, work, study.
16. saying verbs
Saying verbs are verbs that is used to
stating an utterance.
E.g.: say, tell, ask
17. thinking verbs, feeling verbs,
verbs of senses
Thinking verbs, feeling verbs, verbs of
senses are verbs used to express
feeling or sense.
E.g.:
The prince was very happy.
The giant thought that it was already
morning.
The dwarfs was clever, she smelt
something burning.
18. The use of direct and indirect
speech
Direct Speech:
In direct speech we repeat the original
speaker’s exact words:
He said, “I have lost my umbrella.”
Indirect Speech:
In indirect speech we give the exact meaning of
a remark or a speech without necessarily using
the speaker’s exact words:
He said (that) he had lost his umbrella.
19. pronoun
Pronouns are the words used instead of
the names of persons, places, things, so
we do not need to repeat the names too
often.
E.g.: I, we, you, they, me,
my, mine, myself,
who, what, which, that,
somebody etc.
20. adjectives
Adjectives are words used to describe
person, places and things.
The words tell us what a things is like.
The examples of adjectives are
beautiful, good, important, old, cheap,
black, friendly, etc
21. The magic box
Once upon a time, there was a poor farmer who lived
with his wife. One day, he dug up his field and found a
big box. He took it home with him and showed it to his
wife. His wife cleaned the box and kept it in their house.
One sunny morning his wife dropped an apple into it.
Suddenly, the box began fill up with apples. No matter
how many the apples were taken out, more apples took
their place. So, the farmer and his wife decide to sell the
apples and in short time they were able to live quite
comfortably.
One day, the farmer dropped a gold coin into the
box. At once, apples disappeared and the box began to
fill itself with coins from the box. Soon, they became
very rich.
22. Having heard that his son had gone rich, the
farmer’s grandfather visited the couple. He was not
very strong and he could not go out to work any more.
So, the farmer asked the old man to help him take the
money out of the box. When his grandfather told his
son that he was tired and wanted to have a rest, the
farmer shouted at him, ”Why are you so lazy? Why
can’t you work harder?”
The old man did not say anything, and continued o
work until he fell into the box and suddenly died. At
once, the money disappeared and the box began to fill
up with dead grandfathers.
The farmer had to pull them out and bury them. To
do this he had to spend all the money he had collected.
When he had used up all the money, the box broke
and the farmer was just as poor as was before.
23. Answer these questions based on
the text.
How was the farmer according to the
writer?
When did the complication start?
What can we learn from the story?
What is the communicative purpose of
the text?
