11. Structure :Prepositional phrases
In a sentence prepositions show the relation of
one word to another word. Prepositions require
an object to complete them, typically a noun or a
pronoun. A preposition and its object are called a
prepositional phrase.
12. The words below can be used as a preposition in a
prepositional phrase.
In on at under
above behind beside from
onto toward within inside
around through until between
13. The words above can be used as prepositions. In order
for one of these words to be considered a preposition,
it must be part of a prepositional phrase. Here are
some examples of a prepositional phrase:
-in a beautiful garden
-on their branches
-round the garden
14. Examples prepositional
phrase
1. Everyday after school some children played in a
beautiful garden.
prepositional
phrase
2. They tried to play on the road, but the road was very
dusty and full of hard stones.
15. The Selfish Giant
Everyday after school some children played in a
beautiful garden. It belonged to a giant but he was
not in his castle. He was visiting his friend a long
way away. Flowers like stars grew in the grass. In
spring the trees had pink flowers on their branches.
In the autumn the trees held round golden fruit.
“We are very happy here!” the children told each
other.
16. The giant stayed away for seven years, but one day he
came back. He saw the children in his garden. “What are you
doing here?” he asked in a gruff voice. “This garden is mine!”
The children ran away. The giant built a wall all round the
garden. He put up a big notice: KEEP OUT!
He was a very selfish giant. The children had nowhere to
play. They tried to play on the road, but the road was very dusty
and full of hard stones. They passed the high wall after school.
“We were happy there,” they said to each other.
17. Spring came. Everywhere there were flowers and birds.
But in the selfish giant’s garden it was still winter. The birds did
not want to sing in it because there were no children. There
were no flowers anywhere. Snow covered the grass. The north
wind came. It rattled the windows. It roared all round the
garden like an angry beast. The giant could not understand it.
“Where is spring?” he said.
But spring never came, nor the summer. In the autumn the
other gardens had golden fruit but the giant’s garden had
nothing. It was always winter in his garden. There was ice and
snow. The cold north wind blew more fiercely every day.
18. One morning the giant woke up early. He heard beautiful
music. It was a bird singing cheerfully outside his window. The
giant looked out. He saw a small hole in his tall, thick wall. But
then he saw the most wonderful sight. In every tree sat a little
child. Pink flowers were on the branches. The birds were flying
about and twittering. The flowers nodded their heads most
joyfully. The giant’s heart melted.
“I was very selfish!” he said. “Now I understand why
spring never came! My garden can be the children’s
playground for ever and ever!” He took a big axe and knocked
down the wall and the children played there everyday.
19. 1.Where did the children usually play after school?
They usually played in the
giant’s garden.
20. 2.Why did the giant finally allow the children to play
at his garden?
Because he needed the wonderful sight to his
garden.
21. 3.How was the end of this story?
The giant allowed the children to play in his
garden; therefore, the spring, the flowers,
and the birds came to his garden again.
22. Context Clues
There are 4 main types of Context Clues:
-Rewording the word.
-Giving its Synonym.
-Giving its Antonym.
-Giving Details about the word.
23. Rewording
Rewording is when the author says the word in
another way, that is typically easier to
understand.
In REWORDING, the context clues are often
hidden between commas.
24. Example Meaning
Resentment, a feeling of bitterness and anger,
is often felt by people who are passed over for
promotions.
25. Synonyms
A writer sometimes uses synonym context clues to help
with hard words. A synonym context clue is one or two
words that mean almost the same as the one that the
author does not expect us to know.
SYNONYM context clues are often hidden in
surrounding sentences.
26. Example
The young girl was very aloof. She always
seemed unsociable, unapproachable, and
uninterested.
Meaning
27. Antonyms
A writer is using antonym context clues when they use
a word with opposite meaning to give us hints about
the word that they don’t think we will know.
ANTONYM context clues always have hint words to
tell us that there are opposites present
28. Example
Dianna appeared to be a very moral and upstanding young
lady,but those who knew her knew that she was iniquitous.
The word BUT tells us that the two parts of the sentence
represent opposite points of view about Dianna
Iniquitous must mean evil and immoral
29. Details
A writer is using details as context clues
when they give us explanations or examples
as hints about the word that they don’t think
we will know.
30. Example
Father was ecstatic because Joshua decided to go to
the college that he wanted him to.
BECAUSE tells us that the writer is about to say why
Father was ecstatic.
Ecstatic must mean the same as happy
31. Activity 2
Guessing Intelligently
-Take 5 minutes to read text 3 “The Selfish Giant”.
-Try to guess the meaning of the underlined word
from the given context clue in each item.
-Then, choose the best answer and give reasons
why and how you choose that choice.
T1
32. 1. He was a very selfish giant. He didn’t allow the
children to play in his garden because he loved his
garden very much.
a. The giant didn’t like the children because the children
were very naughty.
b. The giant cared only about himself and his garden not
about the children.
c. The giant annoyed the children and didn’t want to
face the children.
33. 2. In the autumn the trees held round golden fruit.
The leaves were brown.
a. the time during the sunny day
b. the time when the leaves in the
trees is fresh
c. the time when the leaves are
falling down.
34. 3. My garden can be the children’s playground because
the like to play there very much.
a. a place that are provided for children to play
b. a place that are used for playing the children
c. a place that are fixed for children to walk
along.
35. 4. The bird was singing cheerfully. The children liked
to listen to its sound.
a. The bird’s singing sounded very bad.
b. The bird’s singing sounded very happy.
c. The bird was singing awfully.
36. 5. Every day after school some children played in a
beautiful garden where the giant liked to plant
beautiful trees.
a. a place where is full of beautiful
plants
b. a place where the plants are cut.
c. the place where people like to go
jogging.
39. Task 1
Selfish Giant the Musical
-Make a group of 5 people.
-Take 5 minutes to read text 3 “The Selfish Giant”
-Then, take 10 minutes to prepare the musical movie regarding
the story “The Selfish Giant” that you have read.
-In the musical movie, there are 3 characters: story teller, giant,
and children. Each student in a group has to act as follows:
A2
40. -The first student acts as a story teller.
-The second student acts as a giant.
-The last three students act as children.
Note: Everyone must have a chance to speak in the
performance.
