FOCUS: SEMICOLON, COLON, HYPHEN, APOSTROPHE, AND QUOTATION MARK

1. PUNCTUATION 2SEMICOLON, COLON, HYPHEN, APOSYTROPHY,
AND QUOTATION MARKS

2. WHY DO WE NEED
PUNCTUATION?
Punctuation allows
the authors writing to be
easy to read and
understandable for the
reader.

3. QUOTATION MARKS
Rule: Use quotation marks to
set off a direct quotation.
 Example: “What is your favorite
color?” she asked.
Rule: Periods and commas
always go inside quotation
marks.
 Example: “I don’t want to go to
school today,” Alan said.

4. QUOTATION MARKS
Enclose both parts of a divided
quotation in quotation marks.
Do not capitalize the first word
of the second part unless it
begins with a new sentence.
EX. “Johnny, dear,” said Sue, bending
over her, “will you promise me to
keep you eyes closed, and do not
look at the window until I am done
working?”

5. COLON
 Rule: Use the colon after a
complete sentence to introduce a
list of items.
 Example: On my trip I will bring:
clothes, a pillow, a sleeping bag,
a toothbrush, and my teddy bear.
 Rule: Use the colon after the
greeting of the person’s name in a
business letter.
 Example: Dear Mr. Smith:

6. COLON
 Rule: Use a colon to introduce a
long or formal quotation.
EX. Martin Luther King, Jr. said: “No,
we are not satisfied, and we will not
be satisfied until justice rolls down
like water, and righteousness like a
mighty stream.”

7. SEMICOLON
Rule: Use semicolon to
separate items of a series if
one or more of these items
contain commas.
EX. In the raffle draw, first prize
is the Caribbean cruise; second
prize a trip to Hong Kong; and
third prize is a trip to Bohol.

8. SEMICOLON
Rule: Use semicolon before a
conjunctive adverb that joins
the clauses of a compound
sentence (therefore, however,
otherwise, consequently,
nevertheless, moreover, and
besides).
EX. They left he house early;
however, they were still late.

9. APOSTROPHE
 Rule: Use the apostrophe when
combining two words. It is always placed
in the spot where the letter(s) have been
removed.
 Example: She’s (she is) only allowed
candy on Friday.
 Rule: Use the apostrophe to show
possession. Place the apostrophe before
the s.
 Example: They found Ms. Connor’s
gloves.
’

10. APOSTROPHE
 Rule: Use the apostrophe to show an
omission of figures in a date.
 Example: Class of ’80 Band of ‘90
 Rule: Use the apostrophe to show plurals
of letters, numbers, signs and words
referred to as words.
 Example: There are three p’s in the
word Philippines.
 Her name Lynn is spelled with two n’s.
’

11. HYPHEN
 Rule: Use hyphen between the syllables
divided at the end of the line.
 Example: Irwin and his friends attended
the graduation ball held at the presti-
gious hotel.
 Rule: Use hyphen in compound numbers
from twenty-one to ninety-nine.
 Example: seventy-five volunteers
 Forty-three little candles.
’

12. HYPHEN
 Rule: Use hyphen in fraction
 Example: one-fourth of pizza
 Rule: Use hyphen in certain compound
nouns.
 Example: editor-in-chief
’

13. THE
END

14. TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
 After reading the example, place the proper
punctuation in the blank.
 Remember the 7 types of punctuation include:
 Period
 Comma
 Question Mark
 Exclamation Point
 Quotation Marks
 Semicolon
 Parenthesis

15. PRACTICE
 The teacher asked him to sit next to her__
 They don__t have school on Saturday.
 She was born on April 30th __ 1990.
 Dear Mrs. White__
 __I don’t feel well today, __ Adam said.
.
‘
,
:
“ ”

16. PRACTICE
 I pulled my own tooth out__
 He has two notebooks__ three books__ four
pencils __one box of crayons__and one eraser in
his desk.
 They helped color Katie__s project.
 I ate four brownies today__
!
,
,
,
,
’
.

17. PRACTICE
 __Will you play with me during recess? __ Anna
asked.
 For my birthday, I had __ cake, ice cream, candy,
pop, and snow cones.
 She is able to count to one hundred and twenty ___
during math class.
 He lives in Lansing __ Michigan.
“ ”
:
(120)
,

18. PRACTICE
 Will you be my partner during gym time __
 She had long __ beautiful hair.
?
,

19. REFERENCES
 Pictures on Slides: 6,7,8 Clipart
 Information on Slides: 6,7,8,9,10,11,12
http://www.grammarbook.com/english_rules.asp