The document outlines several key causes that led to the start of World War 2 in Europe, including the harsh Treaty of Versailles that left Germany humiliated after WWI. This led to the rise of fascism under Hitler and the Nazi party in Germany. Hitler aggressively expanded German territory by remilitarizing the Rhineland and annexing Austria and Czechoslovakia through appeasement by Britain and France. The Great Depression created economic hardship and unstable governments. Japan also increasingly expanded its empire into China. When Germany invaded Poland in 1939, Britain and France declared war on Germany, marking the start of World War 2.

1. CAUSES OF WORLD WAR 2

2. CAUSES
 Treaty ofVersailles
 Fascism
 Hitler and the Nazi Party
 Appeasement
 Great Depression
 Japanese Expansion

3. Treaty of Versailles
 What was it?
 EndedWWI between Germany and the Allied
Powers.
 The treaty was harsh against Germany.
 Why?
 Left German people poor and hungry and the
economy was ruined.

4.  Germany had to:
 Accept blame for startingWW1
 Had to pay damages caused by the war for other
countries
 Only allowed to have a small army and 6
naval ships.
 No tanks, no air force and no submarines
 Land was taken away and given to other
countries .
Treaty of Versailles

5. German War Reparations
DisableWorld War I veteran begging on the streets of Berlin. 1923

6. American
contemporary view
of unreasonable
GermanWorldWar
I war reparations.
Political cartoon
1921.
German War Reparations

7. Trains loaded with
German machinery deliver
their cargo as reparation
payment in kind (1920)
German War Reparations

8. Hyperinflation in Germany
•The hyperinflation was a
three-year period in the
Weimar Republic (modern-
day Germany) between June
1921 and January 1924.

9. French soldiers in the Ruhr in 1923
Humiliation for Germany

10. Fascism
 What is this?
 Radical authoritarian nationalism
 Opposes Liberalism, Marxism, and Anarchism.
 After the disaster to many economies in
Europe, many countries were taken over by
fascist governments and dictators.
 Spain: Franco
 Italy: Mussolini
 Eventually Hitler in Germany

11. Mussolini and his supporters
during the March on Rome
in 1922

12. Fascism: Guernica. Spanish Civil War.
April 26, 1937). Preparing World War 2.
Ruins of Guernica (1937)

13. October 23,
1940, Meeting
at Hendaya,
between
Franco and
Hitler.

14. Hitler & the Nazi Party
 Germans were desperate
for someone to improve
their economy and restore
their national pride.
 On 30 January 1933, Hitler
was named chancellor
(Reichskanzler)
 1934 Hitler became
dictator of Germany.
 He resented the Treaty of
Versailles.

15. The Nazi Party & Persecution
The Dachau camp was the first concentration camp created by
the Nazis in 1933 for holding political opponents.
Himmler in
Dachau, May
1936

16. The Nazi Party & Persecution

17. Boycott against Jews, April 1, 1933: Don’t
buy in Jewish Shops!
The Nazi Party & the anti-Jewish
policies

18. The Nazi Party & the anti-Jewish policies
Humiliation of Jews in the streets ofVienna,Austria, after the
annexing to Germany, 1938

19. A Jewish woman who is hiding her face sits on a park bench marked “Only
for Jews”, Austria, 1938

20. On the night of the 9-10 November 1938 the Nazis organized 'Kristallnacht',
the night of the broken glass. This mother and child pass the remains of a
Jewish owned shop the morning after Kristallnacht.

21. The public humiliation of Christine Neumann und JuliusWolff . Cause:
Rassenschande (‘Racial Shame’). Germany, 1935.

22. A teacher showing in biology class the differences between Germans and
the Jews

23. The Kindertransport (German for “children's transport“ ) was an organized rescue
effort that took place during the nine months prior to the outbreak of the Second
World War. The United Kingdom took in almost 10,000 Jewish children. Often they
were the only members of their families who survived the Holocaust.

24. Jewish refugees being marched away by British police at
Croydon airport in March 1939. They were put on a flight
to Warsaw.

25. Impact on non-Jewish minorities
From 1935 the Nazis began rounding up
Roma and holding them in camps.
Nazi race theory saw many groups as ’undesirables’. These included:
Jews, Roma, black Germans, homosexuals, Jehovah's Witnesses and
the mentally and physically disabled. THESE PEOPLE COULD NOT
BE PART OF THE NEW ‘RACIALLY PURE’ GERMANY.

26. View of the cemetery at the Hadamar Institute, where victims of the Nazi
euthanasia program were buried in mass graves.
Nazi Persecution of the Disabled: Murder of
the “Unfit”
•The “euthanasia” program was Nazi Germany's first program
of mass murder. It went before the genocide of European Jews
(the Holocaust) by approximately two years.
•The program targeted—for systematic killing—mentally and
physically disabled patients living in institutional settings in
Germany and German-annexed territories.

27. Nazi Persecution of the Disabled: Murder of
the “Unfit”
Child Euthanasia was the name given to the organized murder of
mentally and physically handicapped children and young people up
to 16 years old during the Nazi. At least 5,000 children were victims of
this programme.

28. Appeasement
 After WW1, countries in Europe did not want
another world war.
 When Italy and Germany became aggressive and
started to imperialize other nations, England and
France hoped to keep peace through appeasement.
 What is appeasement?
• Appeasement means giving in to someone provided their
demands are seen as reasonable
• To keep Germany happy and satisfied
• To not cause trouble
 Why?
• They thought Hitler could help stop communism

29. Hitler
 Was secretly building up the German Army.
 Because England and France didn't stop him he
had more time to build up his army and make
allies.
 Two important alliances:
 With Mussolini in Italy
 With Japan
 First thing he did was take back the land given
to Austria in 1939.

30. Hitler (Right) and Mussolini (left)

31.  Hitler promised this was the only land he
would take over so other European countries
agreed wanting to avoid war

32.  6 months later, he broke his word and
demanded a part of Czechoslovakia be given
to Germany
 France and Britain did not want to go to war
so they tried to peacefully settle an
agreement with Hitler
 This did not work and Hitler invaded Poland
1st, September 1939

33. Great Depression
 Great economic suffering throughout the
world.
 Many people were out of work and struggling
to survive.
 Created unstable governments.
 Created weak governments.

34. Great Depression: The Wall Street
Crash (October 24, 1929)

35. Great Depression:
Unemployment

36. Release us from Hunger! We demand Winter Relief!
Great Depression: Hunger & Poverty

37. Clients of a Bank in Berlin try to take out their savings, Berlin, July 13,
1931
Great Depression: Europe

38. Great Depression: Europe
Looking for a job. Doctor!
Berlin 1930
Woman looking for a job,
Berlin 1931

39. Japanese Expansion
 Japan was growing rapidly
 Did not have enough natural resources to
sustain their growth
 So they looked elsewhere
 Started to take over other lands
 Invaded China in 1931
 China called the League of Nations for Help
 What is the League of Nations?

40. League of Nations
 International organization set up in 1919 to
help keep world peace
 Intended that all countries would be members.
 If there were arguments between countries,
the league could help settle the fights
peacefully rather than by force.
 IT FAILED!!!

41. Japanese Forces of the Imperial Japanese Navy pose triumphantly after
their success at the Battle of Shanghai, 1937
1937

42. ‘THE DOORMAT’: Japanese expansion in East Asia began in 1931
with the invasion of Manchuria and continued in 1937 with a
brutal attack on China.
•This cartoon of
1933, by the British
cartoonist David
Low, is entitled:
'The Doormat'.
•What is the
cartoonist
suggesting about
the League of
Nations, the
JapaneseArmy
and the western
diplomats?

43. David Low, Evening Standard (8th July, 1936)

44. WHY did it fail?
 Not all countries joined
 The league had no power
 The league had no army
 They were unable to act quickly

45. Before... the invasion of Poland
 The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, also known as the
Nazi–Soviet Pact, was a NON-AGGRESSION PACT signed
between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union (!!!) in
Moscow on 23 August 1939.
 The pact remained in force until the German attack
on the Soviet positions in Eastern Poland on 22 June
1941.
 The treaty included also a secret protocol that
divided territories of Romania, Poland, Lithuania,
Latvia, Estonia, and Finland into German and Soviet
"spheres of influence“.

46. Poland, September 1939
Cartoon in the Evening Standard depicting
Hitler greeting Stalin after the invasion of
Poland, with the words: "The scum of the
earth, I believe?". To which Stalin replies:
"The bloody assassin of the workers, I
presume?"; 20 September 1939
 Germany
invaded Poland
on 1 September
1939.
 Stalin ordered
his own invasion
of Poland on 17
September.

47. THE OUTBREAK OF WORLD WAR 2
Poland, 1939

48. Hitler watching German soldiers marching into Poland in September
1939

49. Ten-year-old Polish girl Kazimiera Mika mourning the death of her sister, caused
by strafing German aircraft, nearWarsaw. Photo: Julien Bryan (1899 - 1974)
Poland, 13 September 1939.

50. A young boy sits next to the corpse of his mother who was killed when a German
airplane dropped bombs on them while their were digging for potatoes.

51. Two Polish nurses attend to corpses lying on the ground in besiegedWarsaw.

53. A group of Polish women stare ahead in front of a bombed out building in
besiegedWarsaw.

54. Two nurses tend to a sick and wounded Polish woman in the
besieged city of Warsaw.

55. Nurses and mothers care
for infants in a makeshift
maternity ward in besieged
Warsaw.

56. DESTRUCTION: View of an
operating table in the bombed
out maternity ward of the
Catholic Hospital of the
Transfiguration (one of
Warsaw's largest hospitals).

57. Polish boy in the ruins of Warsaw September 1939. Photographer: Julien
Bryan

58. HUNGER: Polish citizens line up for bread in the
besieged city of Warsaw

59. HUNGER: Polish women forage for potatoes
in the besieged city of Warsaw

60. German soldiers parade through Warsaw to celebrate the conquest of
Poland. October 05, 1939.

61. EXPULSION OF POLES FOLLOWING THE GERMAN INVASION OF POLAND IN 1939. The Poles
are removed to make place for German colonists as part of a PLAN TO GERMANIZE WESTERN
POLAND.
LEBENSRAUM

62. The Nazi establishment of German Lebensraum required the expulsion of the
Poles from Poland, such as their expulsion from Wartheland in 1939.
LEBENSRAUM