Ibm Developed A Supercomputer Named Watson

Ibm Developed A Supercomputer Named Watson
IBM developed a supercomputer named Watson. It was named after the first CEO of IBM, Thomas
Watson. A supercomputer operates faster than any other computer. Watson can understand and
process natural language (Wagle, 2013). First, Watson gets loaded with materials and then has
automatic updates when new information is published. When a question is asked, Watson searches
the database to find the possible answers by evaluating the possible meanings of the questions being
asked. Watson then rates the quality of the information found and presents the answers with
supporting evidence (http://www.ibm.com/smarterplanet/us/en/ibmwatson/what–is–watson.html).
Watson can be utilized in the Healthcare setting. The computer can be used for ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Supercomputers are built as a cluster of identical servers linked together by a network. The IBM
Power 750 severs were used to develop Watson (Pearson, 2006). Watson is made up of "ninety IBM
Power 750 servers, 16 Terabytes (TB) of memory, and 4 TB of clustered storage" (Vaughn–Nichols,
2011). A terabyte is a measure of storage for computers. It can be defined as 1,024 gigabytes (GB)
or approximately one trillion bytes (Rouse, 2015). IBM Power Systems are designed for big data
that can adapt to demands of large businesses. They include cloud economics that are secure and can
increase optimization of the application ('IBM power systems – open innovation to put data to work
across the enterprise', 2016). Watson is powered by IBM DeepQA software. The software runs on
Linux, which is similar to Windows. It is the software on a computer that enables applications to
access the devices on the computer. Linux is developed collaboratively and has advanced memory
management (An Overview of the Linux Operating System, 2009). Linux runs faster than Windows
and offers more choices with multiple desktops. Linux has individual text files. Linux has shortcuts
in the programs and offers command lines to decrease the amount of clicks on the mouse to
accomplish a task (Locutus, 2007). The use of electronic health records is becoming more popular
within the healthcare field. IBM Watson would
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The International Business Machines Corporation
As a team, we have zeroed on the following Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) to evaluate a
company's Human Resource (HR) policies:
Recruitment and Selection
Training and Development
Compensation and Benefits
Performance Review
Work life Balance
Cultural Diversity
Employee Retention
The document will follow a three–step process with each parameter:
1. A literature grounded with respect to the selected company.
2. Result of application of the indicator
3. Recommendations to improve the strategic function of HR
Selected Company – IBM
Brief Overview:
The International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) was founded an American multinational
technology and consulting corporation, with headquarters in Armonk, New York, United States.
IBM manufactures and markets computer hardware and software, and offers infrastructure, hosting
and consulting services in areas ranging from mainframe computers to nanotechnology.
In 2012, Fortune ranked IBM the No. 2 largest U.S. firm in terms of number of employees (435,000
worldwide). Globally, Forbes 2011 ranked the company 31 in terms of revenue. The company has
undergone several organizational changes since its inception, acquiring companies such as Kenexa
(2012) and SPSS (2009) and organizations such as PwC 's consulting business (2002), spinning off
companies like Lexmark (1991), and selling off product lines like its personal computer and server
businesses to Lenovo (2005, 2014).
(www.ibm.com)

Ibm Decade of Transformation
cade of 9–805–130
REV: JULY 8, 2009
LYNDA M. APPLEGATE
ROBERT AUSTIN
ELIZABETH COLLINS
IBM's Decade of Transformation: Turnaround to
Growth
This is my last annual letter to you. By the time you read this, Sam Palmisano will be our new chief
executive officer, the eighth in IBM's history. He will be responsible for shaping our strategic
direction as well as leading our operations. . . . I want to use this occasion to offer my perspective on
what lies ahead for our industry. To many observers today, its future is unclear, following perhaps
the worst year in its history. A lot of people chalk that up to the recession and the "dot–com bubble."
They seem to believe that when the economies of the world recover, life in the ... Show more
805–130
IBM's Decade of Transformation: Turnaround to Growth
In March 2002, Gerstner passed the reins of power to Sam Palmisano, a 31–year company veteran,
to complete the transformation. Palmisano and the senior executive team were committed to
returning the company to greatness. "[Our problems in the late 1980s and early 1990s] were our own
fault," Nick Donofrio, senior vice president, Technology and Manufacturing, explained. "We are
driven by a passion that says: 'Never again.'"1 IBM visionary, Irving Wladawsky–Berger was
reminded of the 1950s, when a "series of technology asteroids" had created seismic shifts in the
computer industry, opening the way for the IBM System/360 to become the dominant design for the
next 40 years. The launch of the S/360 catalyzed a period of IT–enabled business innovation that
created new industries even as it transformed established industries and the organizations that
competed with them. During that period IBM was viewed as the "greatest company in the world,"
Palmisano explained. Palmisano, Wladawsky–Berger, and the executive team at IBM believed that
the
Internet and associated network technologies had catalyzed a period of technological revolution that
would usher in a new era of IT–enabled business innovation that would be

Assignment 2: An Analysis Of The Product Life Cycle Of IBM
ASSIGNMENT (Group) – 2010
Analysis of Life–Cycle of IBM
OCTOBER 23, 2010
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE COURSE
"ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR – II"
OF MBA (FULL TIME)
SUBMITTED TO:
Prof. Harismita Trivedi and Prof. Sari Mattila
Submitted By:
Group No. 43
Saurabh Shrivastava – 101143
Rohit Adukia – 101243 Roshni Kumar – 101343
Table of Contents
1. CURRENT SCENARIO 1 2. HISTORY OF IBM 2 2.1 The Origin of IBM 2 2.2 IBM's Early
Growth 4 2.3 IBM post World War II and rise of business computing 5 2.4 IBM's near disaster 6 2.5
IBM's Resurrection and Organizational Culture 8 3. LEARNINGS FROM THE COURSE AND
HOW WE CAN USE IT AS A MANAGER 10 4. EXHIBITS 13 5. ARTICLE: 14 6. ... Show more
The merger was engineered by noted financier Charles Flint, and the new company was called the
Computing Tabulating Recording (CTR) Corporation. CTR was incorporated on June 16, 1911 in
Endicott, New York, U.S.A. This merger is just opposite of what happened in the case "Acme and
Omega Electronics" where we learnt what changes an organization has to go through when its
ownership changes.
The companies that merged to form CTR manufactured a wide range of products, including
employee time–keeping systems, weighing scales, automatic meat slicers, coffee grinders, and most
important for the development of the computer– punched card equipment. Of the companies that
merged to form CTR, the most technologically significant was the Tabulating Machine Company,
founded by Herman Hollerith, and specialized in the development of punched card data processing
equipment. The Tabulating Machine Company won a government contract, and completed it with
amazing speed. After that Hollerith was faced with the challenge of sustaining the company in non–
Census years. In 1911, Hollerith, now 51 and in failing health sold the business to Flint who then
created C–T–R.

When the diversified businesses of C–T–R proved difficult to manage, Flint turned for help to the
Thomas J. Watson Sr. who became General Manager of C–T–R in 1914 and President in 1915.
Watson quickly implemented a series of effective business tactics: generous sales incentives, a focus
on customer service, an insistence on

Organizational Culture, According To Cristian-Liviu, V.
Organizational culture, according to Cristian–Liviu, V. (2013) can be defined as a system of shared
values, representing the company's most important elements, and beliefs, representing the way in
which thing are done inside the company, that shape the employees, the organizational structure and
control systems, in order to produce commonly accepted behavioural norms. Moreover, the way in
which people behave is influenced by the ideologies, symbols and core values shared throughout the
company.
There are different ways by which organization reveal their culture to other some use symbols, some
use tag lines and them some use stories. All these ways what an organization believes in and about it
values.
IBM Values:
Dedication to every ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Listening to the inspiring stories and IBM's way of life encouraged me and motivated me to
embrace values and follow the same. While knowing history and contribution developed sense of
proud in me about the organization I am associated with and further stimulated to live an as example
of its values and maintain the same performance and image.
Innovation is in IBM's DNA, bringing new approaches to customers, the company and the world at
large. Behind each innovation are the people who conceive of it and work the long hours to see it
become reality. The hero/heroines of such stories, the real life heroes who have shown exemplary
contribution towards values and innovation are celebrated. Their posters are visible all around the
office premises narrating their story. They are involved in motivational sessions too to help
employees overcome challenge and follow the same footsteps. Meeting people who are your
colleagues, leaders or subordinates and have contributed towards the image, develops the sense of
healthy competition and to follow the example in me.
Living values is a ritual in IBM. Having fun daily, believing in each other, supporting others,
contributing to society and individual's success is a daily part of life here. It's a part of their value
"Trust and personal responsibilities". Statements mentioned below are every day's highlight in IBM.
Our internal energy conservation projects

Ibm 's Global Management Strategy
IBM 's GLOBAL MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
Assignment 1
9/29/2014
Monica Singh Yadav
MET AD 715 Decision Making
Professor: Vladimir Zlatev Table of Contents
Executive summary................................................................................................3
Introduction............................................................................................................4 IBM 's journey to
a globally integrated enterprise.............................................5 IBM 's
adaptation................................................................................................6 Skills global leaders must
have..........................................................................7
Lessons Learned.....................................................................................................8
References..............................................................................................................9
Executive Summary
Introduction
The purpose of this report is to give description and research on a company challenges when it is on
its way of becoming globally integrated enterprise. This report will briefly explain how a company
approaches its strategy, management and all of its operations in order to achieve its aim. It covers
how new strategies were introduced within IBM, and what were their effects.
The report will give details about the global forces that drove IBM in becoming Globally

Csr of Ibm
A report on Corporate Social Responsibility of International Business Machines Corporation (IBM)
SUBMITTED TO
Rabeya Sultana,
Assistant Professor, Department Of MIS,
University of Dhaka
SUBMITTED BY
Akibul Kowser Pahlowan Student ID: 61222–15–055
Summer Semester 2012
Department of MIS.
University of Dhaka.
Candidate's Declaration
I certify that the report entitled "A report on Corporate Social Responsibility of International
Business Machines Corporation (IBM)" submitted as a term paper of the course Introduction of
Business is the result of my own research, except where otherwise acknowledged and this project
report in whole or in part has not been submitted for an award including a higher degree, to any
other ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
CTR adopted the name International Business Machines in 1924, using a name previously
designated to CTR 's subsidiary in Canada and later South America. Its distinctive culture and
product branding has given it the nickname Big Blue.
In 2012, Fortune ranked IBM the #2 largest U.S. firm in terms of number of employees (433,362),
the #4 largest in terms of market capitalization, the #9 most profitable, and the #19 largest firm in
terms of revenue. Globally, the company was ranked the #31 largest in terms of revenue by Forbes
for 2011. Other rankings for 2011/2012 include #1 company for leaders (Fortune), #1 green
company worldwide (Newsweek), #2 best global brand (Interbrand), #2 most respected company
(Barron 's), #5 most admired company (Fortune), and #18 most innovative company (Fast
Company).
IBM holds more patents than any other U.S.–based technology company, and has nine research
laboratories worldwide. Its employees have garnered five Nobel Prizes, six Turing Awards, nine
National Medals of Technology, and five National Medals of Science. Famous inventions by IBM
include the automated teller machine (ATM), the floppy disk, the hard disk drive, the magnetic

stripe card, the relational database, the Universal Product Code (UPC), the financial swap, SABRE
airline reservation system, DRAM,

Ibm Essay examples
I. Current Situation (1991–1993)
1. History of IBM:
IBM is a multinational corporation that started its activities in 1911. But its origins can be traced
back to 1890, during the height of the Industrial Revolution. It was first known as the Computing–
Recording Company, and then in 1924, it took the name of International Business Machines.
Nowadays, this multinational company is known as the ¡§Big Blue¡¨
2. Mission statement
IBM main activity is to find solutions to its wide range of clients using advanced information
technology. Its clients are individual users, specialized businesses, and institutions such as
government, science, defense, and spatial and educational organizations.
To meet and respond to its customers needs, IBM ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
7. 1991–1993 CEO Akers undertook a major overhaul of IBM: he believed the problem was high
centralization, so he followed a decentralizing strategy that would greatly reduce employee levels.
Layoffs were as follows: 1991 20,000, 1992 20,000. Although a $3 billion charge was made against
4th quarter earnings, IBM expected savings of $1 billion in 1992, followed by $2 billion in later
years. Restructuring objectives:
a– Accelerate product deliveries. b– To avoid or minimize costly delays and disruptions IBM would
have to completely separate its units into distinct independent divisions with greater control over
development strategies, including financial independence. IBM HQ would become a holding
company with 6 autonomous divisions reporting to senior vice presidents. Divisions are to present
annual plans to executive committee, set goals for return on investment, share in profits, issue stocks
in some cases. Each individual unit to report its results separately thus allowing managers to gain
responsibility for controlling costs and developing competitive product marketing strategies.
Emphasis to be placed on return on invested capital. Executive pay to be tied to unit profits c–
Encourage 3d party relationships d– Reduce staff. e– Reduce product prices to match competitor
prices. For example, IBM's lap top model costs about $2,500

Essay about Case Study 1
* Given name | * Lawrence | * Surname | * Lau | * Student number | * 16012143 | * Email | *
lawrencelkh1989@gmail.com | * Unit name | * Strategic Marketing 310 | * Unit code | * 3900 | *
Assignment title | * Case Study One | * Date submitted | * 8th of April 2013 | * | * | * | * | * Marker's
comments | * | * Recorded mark | * | * Marker | * | * Comments | * |
Question 1. What competences has IBM had to invest in arising from its transformation from a
'product–centric' to a 'service–centric' organization?
To adapt to the fast changing pace of business, IBM CEO Louis Gerstner took the ... Show more
et all, 2012).
Question 2. How would you describe Louis Gerstner's implementation style of IBM's competitive
strategy in the early 1990s? In my opinion, Louis Gerstner's was a brilliant strategist which turn the
table around for IBM. A successful strategist are people who can gain better understanding and
critically analyze the situation and able to develop strategies to match their competitors. As the CEO
of IBM, first thing Louis does was to perform a corporate appraisal of the company. Corporate
appraisal is a process where company review their entire organization to gain an understanding of its
readiness to interact successfully with the external environment in which it operates and develop the
best strategies to stay competitive in the market (Jain,S.C. et all, 2012).
There are five areas in corporate appraisal. There are categorized senior management, corporate
culture, corporate publics, corporate resources and review of past performance (Jain,S.C. et all,
2012). After performing the corporate appraisal, Louis discovered that the cost were excessive, lose
touch with the customers, organization structure was too decentralized and bureaucratic and stayed
with their old strategy for too long therefore caused IBM to be losing out in the current competitive
market (Jain,S.C. et all, 2012). First of all, Louis realizes that the market is

International Business Machine Corporation ( Ibm ) Essay
International Business Machine Corporation (IBM) was funded in 1924 in the Unite Stats by
Thomas J. Watson. IBM as the world biggest Information Technology assistance service and
business company. It is well known that IT market exist several large and powerful company such as
Microsoft and HP. The WPP (2016) reported, based on BrandZ 2016, IBM receive rank of 10th out
of the 100 which IBM at the leading position. According to such consequence, it is clear that IBM
has own advance strategic position and business development. This assessment mainly to evaluate
IBM's competitive strategic. Base on the strategy, this article will critical analysis the strategy and
give personal view. This report is divided into three parts. Firstly, this report will review the theory
of generic competitive strategy. Secondly, combine the situation of IBM with competitive strategy
and give the view of the selection of competitive strategy. Finally, it will base on these parts to give
accommodation.
Basic, the generic competitive strategy mainly to connect with Porter. Porter believe the position of
an enterprise in its industry determines its profitability. However, for an enterprise to maintain a
high economic efficiency for a long time requires a competitive advantage which mainly refer to
cost advantage and differentiation. These two advantages come from the ability of the enterprise to
deal with the five forces from the environment. According to enterprise apply such advantage in
narrow or

IBM
HISTORY
International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) is an information technology company that
uses their expertise to provide customer solutions. The company operates primarily in a single
industry using several different segments that create value by offering a variety of solutions that
include, technologies, systems, products, services, software, and financing (10–K report). The
company 's major operations compromise three hardware product segments. These segments are:
technology, personal systems, and enterprise systems. They also offer a global services segment, a
software segment, a global financing segment, and an enterprise investments segment (Ibid). IBM
offers its products and services through third–party business ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This means setting reasonable commitments, and not misrepresenting the capability of IBM
products.
IBM is constantly re–assessing and clarifying its business practices to meet with the rapid changes
in the industry. No set of guidelines should ever be considered the absolute last word under all
circumstances. The Chief Executive Officer and senior executives are responsible for setting
standards of business ethics and overseeing compliance with these standards. It is an individual
employee 's responsibility to comply with these standards.
In 1999, IBM was ranked number one in business ethics according to Business Ethics Corporate
Social Responsibility Report. IBM dropped from its top position to number 5 in 2000. This was
largely due to its mishandling of the change from a defined benefit to a cash balance pension plan,
which drew widespread employee outrage. The switch cost some older employees as mush as 50
percent of their pension, while it saved the company an estimated $200 million. The company did
agree to offer more employees a choice of plan, but the unpopular move is still a blot upon IBM 's
otherwise positive leadership in the area of employee relations. (Business Ethics Corporate Social
Responsibility Report)
The cash–balance program is a type of pension in which companies can reduce their pension costs
by cutting future benefits to middle–aged

An Assignment on Ibm Corporation
IBM Corporation
[pic]
Case Study
On
"IBM Corporation : Competing Globally by Offshoring IT Workers And Giving Away Technology"
Course Code : MIS –501 Course Title : MIS Section : 03 Semester : Summer – 2012
Submitted To: Mr. Mohammed Shafiul Alam Khan Assistance Professor Department of MBA East
West University (EWU)
Submitted By: Name : Md. Saidul Islam ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
IBM has been present in India since 1992. The diversity and breadth of the entire IBM portfolio of
research, consulting, solutions, services, systems and software, uniquely distinguishes IBM India
from other companies in the industry.IBM India 's solutions and services span all major industries
including financial services, healthcare, government, automotive, telecommunications and
education, among others. As a trusted partner with wide–ranging service capabilities, IBM helps
clients transform and succeed in challenging circumstances.
IBM has been expanding its footprint in India – and has a presence in over 200 cities and towns
across the country – either directly or through its strong business partner network. IBM India has
clearly established itself as one of the leaders in the Indian Information Technology (IT) Industry –
and continues to transform itself to align with global markets and geographies to grow this
leadership position. Widely recognized as an employer of choice, IBM holds numerous awards for
its industry–leading employment practices and policies.
1.2 Company Overview:
1880–1929
Starting in the 1880s, various technologies came into existence that would form part of IBM 's
predecessor company. Julius E. Pitrap patented the computing scale in 1885;[16] Alexander Dey

The History of IBM Essay
International Business Machines Corporation, better known as IBM, is a corporation that is and
always has been based completely around information handling. From their first scales, to the super
computers of today, almost all of IBM's products have been designed and developed to record,
process, communicate, store, or retrieve information. IBM has been a leading developer and
innovator from the late 19th century up to today. IBM was officially incorporated in New York City
on June 6, 1911 as C–T–R, Computing–Tabulating– Recording Company. However, the true origins
of the company can be traced to the 19th century during which several smaller businesses merged to
form one large company. During the 1880's and 1890's, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In Thomas's first 4 years, he more than doubled the revenues of the company as well as expanded it
to Asia, Europe, South America, and Australia. In 1917, C–T–R expanded to Canada under a new
name: International Business Machines Co., Limited. As the new decade rolled around, Watson
found that the name C–T–R was too limited and officially changed the name of the company to
International Business Machines Corporation. During the 1920's, many new products were created
including the type 4 tabulator which allowed for subtracting numbers (previously had to add
negative numbers) and the standard duplicator machine. Other products such as the card punch
system were improved upon. As the Great Depression settled upon the US in the 1930's, IBM
continued to grow despite other companies failing all around them. In 1935, when the Social
Security Act was passed; IBM was ready with a large inventory of equipment. The act brought IBM
a huge government contract to maintain employment records for 26 million people. This contract
was called "the biggest accounting operation of all time." In the 1940's, IBM began creating the first
super computers. Starting with the Mark I, IBM created a series of machines that were able to do
calculations faster than ever before. In 1956, the first ever magnetic hard disk for data storage was
created. Its capacity was 5 megabytes. Also in the 1950's, after nearly 40 years in the business;
Thomas J Watson passed the

Who Is IBM Watson's Jeopardy?
IBM Watson is a computer that generates information and is a question answering system. This
computer contains information from encyclopedias, thesauri, dictionaries, etc. Due to all the
information Watson contains, it was tested to determine the accuracy and speed in which it generates
answers to questions. The way this was done, was through the game of Jeopardy! By playing
Jeopardy!, I believe that this was a good way to test the machines intelligence. Watson was able to
generate information in three seconds after going through so much stored data. Although Watson
understands questions through code and not nouns, verbs, or phrases, it had the capability of
answering questions that led it to win the game. It played against two of the best and top Jeopardy!
Players, Brad Rutter and Ken Jennings. This demonstrates the immense intelligence of the machine
that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The reason is because Watson needs to consume 80,000 watts of electricity per hour when
answering a question, while the human brain takes 12.6 watts to operate. This demonstrates that the
human brain requires less energy to process information. Watson also lacks emotional intelligence,
which is an important aspect in interpersonal communication. This machine can only process
information that is stored in its system, due to this it cannot come up with ideas or understand
certain phrases. Customer service deals with interpersonal communication. This means, that Watson
would not be useful in a customer service system. The necessary adjustments that Watson would
need I to learn to understand, respond, and understand human communication and emotion. Because
Watson is an information system, good applications for this machine would be those that require
facts, logic, and data analysis. Such uses would be for hospitals, airports, legal issues, accounting,
advertising, marketing, and engineering to name a

Ibm Ceo Virginia Rometty
Female CEO Biography
Virginia (Ginni) Rometty, IBM CEO
Abstract
IBM recently promoted Virginia (Ginni) Rometty to its top leadership position. Ms. Rometty will
become the first white female chief executive officer in the company's 100–year history and every
move she makes will be carefully watched. Rometty has truly earned this position and has an
impressive history with IBM to show it. There are challenges ahead but Ms Rometty's education,
experience and determination will suit her well in this new role.
Female CEO Biography
Virginia (Ginni) Rometty, IBM CEO
On January 1, 2012, Ms. Virginia Marie Rometty took the helm as CEO of the 19th largest revenue
generating company in the world and 5th largest in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A strong voice of women's initiatives, Rometty has been instrumental in IBM's Women in
Technology Council and the Women's Leadership Council. She has been named to Fortune
Magazine's annual "Most Powerful Women in Business" list for eight consecutive years and is also a
regular on the presentation circuit speaking at industry and business conferences. She continues to
serve on the Board of Trustees of Northwestern University and the Board of Overseers and
Managers of the Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center (Daily Finance, 2012). Her strategic approach,
innovative mind and keenness toward risk–taking define her leadership style. Ginni Rometty has
said, "I learned to always take on things I'd never done before" (Hymowitz, 2011). She admits to
having an ever–present internal critic who judges everything she thinks and does. She quite enjoys
this process of objective analysis and believes "growth and comfort do not coexist" (Hymowitz,
2011). Rometty has a magnetic personality and has always been comfortable engaging people and
forging lasting relationships. This strength helped her to be at the top of her game in a career she has
spent largely courting big name clients. Ms. Rometty's new role is a first in her career, a first for
IBM and a giant leap forward for career women everywhere. However, all eyes will be focused
sharply on Ms. Ginni Rometty. While many have high expectations and are watching in hopeful
anticipation,

Environmental Leadership of IBM Essay
Factor: Environmental Leadership of IBM
IBM has not only succeeded in maintaining its competition in providing software, computer
technology and systems integrators, but IBM also successfully managing its resource such as energy,
water, and material, including waste product, thus offering environmentally friendly products and
services which have been recognized by various parties and has received many awards (IBM
Environment Report, 2012). IBM success is always related to the leadership style of it appointed
CEO and management group. There are several appointed CEO with different leadership style since
IBM established, such as Sam Palmisano, Larry Ellison, Randy MacDonald, and Thomas Watson.
Different leadership style among CEO help IBM ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It has one of the most closely viewed institutionalized succession plans of any company in the
world. This was proven by the smooth transition of CEO responsibility to Virginia "Ginny" Rometty
from Sam Palmisano. Rometty is the ninth CEO from the time when the company's founding and its
first woman CEO. This was no exclusion, as Lou Gerstner's handoff to Palmisano was another good
case study on leadership transition.
In IBM's 2012 CEO Study, 71% of CEOs admitted that human capital is the key source of sustained
economic value (IBM Global Process Services, 2012). With today's changing economic challenges
and workforce dynamics, business leaders are turning their attention to their most valuable asset,
their persons. Organizations who involve and motivate their people can achieve significant
competitive differentiation and market leadership (Ringo, Schweyer, DeMarco, Jones &Lesser,
2008). Through leadership, IBM embrace challenge whereby they are getting energized by complex
and challenging situations. They take responsibility for solving problems, identify opportunities and
their positive attitude and confidence inspires others to do the same.
IBM also build mutual trust across the full spectrum of their constituents include their organizations,
clients and

Ibm Db2 vs Oracle
For this week 's paper I have chosen to do a comparison between IBM 's DB2 database management
system (DBMS) product and Oracle. Realistically, making such a comparison is akin to discussing
religion with friends. Each person will have their own biases based on their own experiences.
Looking for an unbiased opinion is much like looking for the Holy Grail, every bit as speculative
and subjective with the results jaundiced by the outlook of the reporter (Lim, 2002).
A decision between DB2 and Oracle should be based on what resources are available for use at the
site. Is there specific hardware or software already onsite that can or will be used in the installation,
if so this will have a major impact on the decision making process. Does the ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Then the TPC can produce benchmarks to measure transaction processing and database
performance. Typical performance measures are transactions per second and transactions per minute
on a given system and database (Chigrik, 2003).
For Online Transaction Processing (OLTP), the TPC–C benchmark is the most current and is the
standard that DBMS 's are measured against. When Oracle 9i and IBM DB2 v8.1 were ran head to
head processing the same transactions, Oracle held all of the top 5 spots in the TPC–C. Unless an
organization runs a very large database, the key areas that Oracle won the TPC–C benchmarks on
won 't matter to the same degree as they would in for a large database. Newer versions of both
RDBMS have made the field more competitive with the top five positions split between them,
Oracle holding only three of five currently (TPC, 2005).
With a statistical dead heat in performance except in very large databases, pricing becomes an issue
for both DBMS. Comparing the standard edition of Oracle 9i to the workgroup edition of DB2 v8.1,
Oracle is double the cost all the way from one processor up to thirty two. When comparing Oracle 9i
Enterprise Edition to DB2 Enterprise Edition v8.1; pricing for Oracle is just slightly less than double
that of DB2 until you go above four processors then difference shifts

International Business Machine Corporation ( Ibm )
Company Overview
International Business Machine Corporation (IBM) is an American multinational that provides
Information technology (IT) products and services worldwide, with headquarters in Armonk, New
York, United States. The company manufactures and markets computer hardware and software, and
offers infrastructure, hosting, and consulting services in areas ranging from mainframe computers to
nanotechnology. Initially, IBM was founded as the Computing Tabulating Recording Company
(CTR) in 1911 from the merger of the Tabulating Machine Company, the International Time
Recording Company and the Computing Scale Company; The Company, Computing Tabulating
Recording (CTR), later changed his name to IBM in 1924. Securities analysts nicknamed IBM Big
blue due to the common use of blue color in products, packaging, and logo.
In 2012, the magazine Fortune ranked IBM second (2nd) largest U.S. firm in terms of number of
employees (approximatively 431,212 worldwide), fourth (4th) largest in term of market
capitalization, ninth (9th) most profitable, and the nineteenth (19th ) largest firm in term of revenue.
Worldwide, Forbes ranked IBM number 31 in term of revenue. During the period of 2011 to 2012,
the company was ranked number 1 company for leaders(Fortune), number 2 best global brand
(Interband), number 2 most respected company (Barron's), number 5 most admired company
(Fortune), and number 18 most innovative company(Fast Company).
IBM has 12 research laboratories worldwide and,

Ibm: an Industry Example of a Transition from Product to...
2 IBM: An industry example of a transition from product to service base
2.1 Brief history of IBM and story of its downward spiral
IBM stands for "International Business Machine" and was incorporated in 1924 focusing on
delivering 'products' in the form of punch tabulated machine until it became the biggest and most
successful business PC and mainframe manufacturer in world circa 1980's. At this time IBM stock
price once shot up until USD43 per unit [1]. However by the end of 80's, the software environment
began to change and IBM was left in a lurch as it was unable to react on changes on customer needs
and behavior while new and nimble competitors like Apple and Dell began to gain market share.
Events took on to a near disastrous ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However the focus had changed. It is worth to note that in 1992, of the USD64.2billion revenue,
hardware consist the bulk of IBM revenue amounting to 52% compared to just 23% for services.
Nearly two decades after, in 2009, IBM revenue had rose up to USD95.7billion with hardware
consisting only 7%, while services and software had rose up to around 40% each. What is more
important that with the rise of revenue, overall profitability also has improved resulting in a very
strong year–on–year increase of positive cash flow. In turn company shareholders has benefited
from the increased rate of EPS as shown in Figure 1 below [3].
In the letter to shareholders in the company 2009 annual report, current CEO Sam J. Palmisano
remains steadfast in committing to service by "amassing truly differentiating technology and skills,
and focusing on the needs of enterprise clients" and remaining positive on future business growth
that will be spurred by the 'smart planet' concept [3].
Figure 1 – IBM EPS and Financials from 2000 to 2009 Source: IBM Annual Report 2009
2.4 Summary: The need for drive towards effective implementation of service
IBM had barely escaped the misfortune of being broken up and sold in pieces thanks largely to the
leadership, drive and determination of Lou Gerstner. In keeping the company intact, he had
preserved the inherent differentiating capability that IBM had at that time, which was as an end–to–
end complex technical

Essay on IBM Case Study Group 3 2 draft
IBM Case Study
Liberty University
Christopher Eze, Karen Goosen, Myletta Lacey, and Katie Savage
IBM Case Study
Executive Summary
International Business Machines Corporation has been an innovative technological company for
more than 70 years. At IBM, employees take pride in enabling the world and customers to live in a
smarter planet with smarter commerce, smarter computing, and smarter cities. IBM offers many
different business and computing offerings in order to meet its customer's needs. Through new
innovations, implementation of the Cloud and expanding its global strategy by doubling its business
service consultants, IBM will continue to succeed and meet the needs of customers worldwide. This
paper will examine the current ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1992, IBM incurred a loss of $5 billion and underwent a CEO change which began a turnaround
for them in their revenue. The drive to generate greater profits and maintain its status as a giant in
the industry, led to the discovery of the service business through IT solutions. As a result of this, the
company obtained $90 billion in revenue in 2006 from its Global Services department (Chesbrough,
2007). However, its main focus has been innovation for decades.
The Business Model Canvas
IBM has made strategic alliances and partners with companies such as Exxon, Mobil, and Incentric
Solutions, as well as numerous other companies in varying countries to enhance its revenue. The key
activities in the business model include: integrated technology, business process delivery, research
and development and intellectual property, and sales and distribution. IBM esteems these activities
as they strive to create best practices for their clients using its brand name which is highly valued.
The key resources to the business model for IBM are its intellectual capital. IBM has always hired
key personnel to fill positions that are valuable to the innovation of the corporation. IBM also values
its relationships with the consumers. The customer experience is an important aspect of the sale and
IBM prides itself on human interaction with its customers. The channels of

Swot Analysis Of Ibm And Ibm
Research report On
Submitted by:–
Abhishek sharma
30129564(Student ID) Content
Introduction 1
History 1
SWOT ANALYSIS OF IBM 2
IBM future plans 3
Reason why I want to work there 3
Bibliography 4
INTRODUCTION:– IBM stands for international Business Machines known as a world's biggest
information technology company with the profit of 88 billion dollars in 2000 and they are
maintaining their position in market from past 50 years. They produce software and hardware for
business servers, application software storage products and microchips. IBM is earning large profit
from consulting and outsourcing services.
HISTORY:–
In its starting years, IBM was universally grouped with the punched card, the discovery of Herman
hollerith. He was branch of the Computing–Tabulating–Recording Company. In 1914, Thomas J.
Watson joined the company as general manager. The CTR Company was collaboration of three
companies, who deals with grocery store scales, time recording devices, and tabulators. But after a
decade, Watson made the business machine company which is now known as international business
machine. By the middle of the century, IBM led many companies such as National Cash Register
and Digital Equipment in computer era. IBM is well–known for its salesmen team with white

Ibm Canada Ltd: Implementing Global Strategy
IVEy
Richard Ivey School of Business
The University of Western Ontario
910E08
IBM CANADA LTD.: IMPLEMENTING
GLOBAL STRATEGY
Ken Mark wrote this case under the supervision of Professor Deborah R. Compeau solely to provide
material for class discussion.
The authors do not intend to iIIustrate either effective or ineffective handling of a managerial
situation. The authors may have disguised certain names and other identifying information to protect
confidentiality.
Ivey Management Services prohibits any form of reproduction, storage or transmittal without its
written permission. Reproduction of this material is not covered under authorizalion by any
reproduction rights organizalion. To order copies or request permission to ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
They're asking for a six months' delay.
Second, another 20 managers were scheduled to start using the new application but due to internal
staffing changes they've had to spend the last three weeks bringing new team members up to speed
on their current projects. These 20 won't be ready for another three months. Third, I've been
informed that there are a few key functions that are still not available in the Canadian version of the
global application. Without these key features, we will not be able to conduct business. We may be
facing another three weeks to three months of delay before we can get a fix in place.
Silvanovich looked at the rest of his executive team to see whether they had any questions. He
wondered how to manage this and other software switchovers with minimal disruption to the
Canadian business.
Page 2
9B10E008

The new CRM application seemed to have many new features that would be of benefit to IBM
Canada. On the other hand, the current CRM application seemed to be working well, with few
complaints from staff.
IBM Canada faced both a competitive environment and constant pressure to maximize productivity
from its consulting workforce. Many recognized the logic behind IBM's drive to simplify its internal
software systems worldwide. But would it make sense to retire a well–functioning application and
replace it with a global solution that was not

International Business Machines ( Ibm )
International Business Machines (IBM) is the top provider of computer products and services which
is also known as Big Blue. IBM was incorporated in the state of New York on June 16, 1911 as the
Computing– Tabulating– Recording Company (C–T–R). In 1900 The International Time Recording
Company (ITR) was formed and in 1901 the Computing Scale Company of America was
incorporated, these two businesses were two of the three chief components of C–T–R a decade later.
ITR expanded its original manufacturing facilities, and built a modern factory in Endicott, New
York, on the site of what later became an International Business Machine– IBM. IBM manufactures
and sells computer hardware and software, offers infrastructure services, hosting services, ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
IBM holds more patents than any other U.S. based Technology Company and has research
laboratories worldwide. The company has scientists, engineers, consultants, and sales professionals
and employees have earned Nobel Prizes, National Medals of Technology, and National Medals of
Science. Some of IBM competitors are: BMC Software, Inc., CA, Inc., Cisco Systems, Inc., Dell
Inc., EMC Corporation, General Electric Company, Hewlett–Packard Company, Intel Corporation,
Lexmark International, Inc., and Microsoft Corporation.
IBM manages its extensive operations in segments, which are: Global Technology Services and

Sunzi Assignment- Ibm
1.0 Introduction
International Business Machines, abbreviated IBM and nicknamed "Big Blue" (for its official
corporate color) was incorporated in the State of New York on June 16, 1911, is a multinational
computer technology and IT consulting corporation headquartered in Armonk, New York, United
States. Now, the chairman and CEO of IBM Company is Samuel J Palmisano. IBM manufactures
and sells computer hardware and software, and offers infrastructure services, hosting services, and
consulting services in areas ranging from mainframe computers to nanotechnology.
IBM has been well known as one of the world's largest computer companies and systems
integrators. With over 388,000 employees worldwide, IBM is one of the largest and most ... Show
Global Technology Services mainly provides IT infrastructure services and business process
services, delivering business value through the Company's global scale, standardization and
automation.
Global Business Services mainly provides professional services and application outsourcing
services, delivering business value and innovation to clients through solutions which leverage
industry–and business–process expertise.
Software consists mainly of middleware and operating systems software. Middleware software
enables clients to integrate systems, processes and applications across a standard software platform.
IBM middleware is designed to open standards, which allow the efficient integration of disparate
client applications that might have been built internally, or provided by packaged software vendors
or system integrators.
Operating systems are the software engines that run computers. Systems and Technology provides
clients with business solutions requiring advanced computing power and storage capabilities.
Approximately 55 percent of Systems and Technology's server and storage sales transactions are
through the Company's business partners; approximately 45 percent are direct to end–user clients. In
addition, Systems and Technology provides leading semiconductor technology and products,
packaging solutions and engineering technology services to clients and for IBM's own advanced
technology needs.
IBM

Ibm on Demand Business
| SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT | IBM'S „ON DEMAND BUSINESS" STRATEGY | |
Group 12:Bochyńska Monika 69136
Szymański Konrad 69135Zarzycki Michał 69134 |
Table of contents
1. Introduction 3
2. Business history 3
3. IBM 4
4. Problem identification 6
5. Analysis 8
6. Personal conclusions and lessons learned 10
7. Recommendations 11
8. IBM nowadays 12
9. Bibliography 13
10. Group elements evaluation 13
1. Introduction
IBM, the biggest IT company in the world, from more than 80 years is the lider in supporting the
innovation in business. The company offers complex solutions, adjusted to customers requirements.
In 2002 this outsourcing giant was facing a new business opportunity. Its CEO, Sam Palamisano, led
the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the 1960s and 1970s, the company captured almost 80% of the market. Later, during Cary 's
tenure, the computer industry expanded and wove its way into everyday life.
However, IBM underestimated the potential of PC's and its competitors capitalised on IBM's
technology. During 1980s and in early 1990s, because of increasing competition, bureaucracy and
big bonuses for the salespople, IBM lost many high–performance employees and its CEO John
Chambers. By 1993, the company 's annual net losses reached a record $8 billion. Cost management
and rationalization became a core concern. And IBM considered splitting its divisions into separate
independent businesses.
IBM CEO, Akers, was replaced by Louis V. Gerstner. Gerstner brought with him a customer–
oriented vulnerability and the strategic–thinking expertise. He recognized, that one of IBM 's
permanent strengths, was its ability to provide integrated solutions for customers. Division of the

company would have destroyed a unique IBM advantage. Customers were focused on integrated
business solutions – a key IBM strength that combined the company 's expertise in solutions,
services, products and technologies. However, he created the services division, known as IBM
Global Services. It was the main entry point that offered customers holistic solutions.
Gerstner also led IBM to take another risk. He expressed IBM 's new vision – that network
computing would drive the next phase of industry growth and

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Mainframe Computers
Table of Contents Introduction 2 Section A 3 Mainframe's Principal 3 Mainframe's Classification 4
Enterprise Class 4 Business Class 4 Mainframe's Importance 5 Mainframe's Advantages and
Disadvantages 5 Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) 8 References 9 Introduction Mainframe
computers were first developed in the 1950s, and it is still evolving till the current century.
Mainframes in the 1960s are very huge in size and require an entire room for it to run correctly. The
mainframes in the 2000s however, are only as large as a refrigerator. Mainframes are capable of
handling thousands of users simultaneously. Mainframe computers are able to process huge amount
of instructions, in fact, million instructions per second. Mainframes are very expensive and ... Show
Mainframes are virtualization; it can run multiple operating system and application. A mainframe
can handle multi–user operations responding according to the user's request. Mainframes are
popular for it security and reliability, an ordinary virus hardly affect a mainframe. a non–authorized
user are unable to access the mainframe until the user is a granted permission to access. Mainframe's
Advantages and Disadvantages The advantages of mainframe The disadvantages of mainframe It
can support thousands of transaction per second Requires a special environment management room
to check after the heating, cooling, ventilating and also suitable power supply. Have the ability to
serve thousands of user and applications at a same time Dedicated staffs are needed to run the
system. Able to manage a huge number of data that is obtained The initial start–up cost for the
mainframe is high More reliable and secure that the client–server network Geographical distribution
built is not available Section B CPU Specifications, Features and General

Elephants Cant Dance Essay
'Who says elephants can't dance?' the book is an account of IBM's historic turnaround as told by, the
chairman and CEO of IBM, Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. He led IBM from April 1993 until March 2002.
He raised IBM from the brink of bankruptcy and mainframe obscurity back to the forefront of the
technology.
Book tells the story of IBM's competitive and cultural transformation. It is an excellent case study in
managing a crisis, principles of leadership and a thoughtful reflection on computer industry. With
decades of experience at some of America's top companies– Mckinsey, American Express, RJR
Nabisco, Louis Gerstner's insights into management and leadership are applicable to any business, at
any level. The lessons learnt from running these successful ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
By 1993, the computer industry had changed rapidly with a large number of smaller companies
dealing in fragmented solutions as opposed to IBM which was offering a complete solution. The
company was on its way to losing $16 billion and it was on the watch list for extinction. Its
lumbering size, the PC era and its insular corporate culture were the reasons it was heading to
obsolescence.
Who Says elephants can't dance? .... Metaphor of the title talks about IBM, "The Elephant", suggests
the size (with presence in over 44 countries, 2300 shareholders, 90000 staff) and bureaucracy of a
multinational company and its ability, "to dance", to become profitable after more than a decade of
losses.
Gerstner explains the situation of IBM and other small companies in the marketplace as: "Big
matters. Size can be leveraged. Breadth and depth allow for greater investment, greater risk taking,
and longer patience for future payoffs. It isn't a question of whether elephants can prevail over ants.
It's a question of whether a particular elephant can dance. If it can, the ants must leave the dance

Ibm : A Major Innovator Of Computer And Computer Related...
Brandon Krueger
10/16/14
IT
IBM has been a major innovator of computer and computer related products during this century and
the last. Before IBM it was C–T–R. Herman Hollerith founded this Tabulating Machine Company in
1896. Hollerith received the first patents for his electric Tabulating Machine in 1889. In 1911 a man
by the name of Charles F. Flint, a trust organizer, oversaw the merging of Herman Hollerith's
Tabulating Machine company and two other companies the Company scale Company of America
and the International Time recording Company. The three companies merged into one company
called Computing–Tabulating–Recording company or C–T–R. C–T–R sold many different products
from cheese slicers to manufacturing and marketing accounting ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In 1964 IBM developed system 360 a family of computers. This was the world first family of
computers with software and hardware. IBM's researcher Robert H. Dennard invented DRAM
memory in 1966. DRAM was a new kind of memory chip for computers that helped get the ball
rolling for the computer industry. This memory chip was the core of the computer industry and still
effects today's computer business. In 1980 IBM representatives met for the first time with
Microsoft's Bill Gates to talk about writing the operating system for the new computer that IBM was
coming out with. This new personal computer was all hush–hush. IBM had already made a dent in
the personal computer market with the IBM 1500, which was pretty successful. This new personal
computer had an all–new operating system that was at the time top of the line.
During my research I have realized that IBM has made a great global footprint in the technology
industry. There are so many different things that I could tell you about the early success of IBM I
couldn't even write about all of it. IBM is a fascinating company that has over 100 years of history
and there success is unheard of. Competing companies really have no chance because of the level of
innovation and research that goes into their technology. Currently IBM's chairman, president and
chief executive officer is Virginia "Ginni" Rometty. Mrs. Rometty has a bachelors of Science degree
with high honors in

Ibm Business Report
MKTG 3495
California State University East Bay
Hayward, CA 94542
March 12, 2009
Dr. Sweety Law
California State University East Bay
Department of Marketing & Entrepreneurship
Hayward, CA 94542
SUBJECT: Business Report on the IBM Corporation
Dear Dr. Law,
Enclosed is our business research report about IBM Corporation. This report was written as a group
project for the class Marketing 3495. In this report, reader may find some of the information about
IBM interesting such as: how the company started? What is IBM marketing strategy? Etc. Through
this research, we've learned a great deal about IBM Corporation. We are all inclined towards looking
at future job opportunities offered by IBM.
Thank you for your help with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One year later, Dr. Hollerith won a contest held by the U.S. Census Bureau with his tabulating
machine that eventually saved the government agency $5 million and years of work. He then
organized his company in 1896, and finally incorporated the Tabulating Company in 1905.
The third installment of the Computing–Tabulating–Recording Company's predecessor is the
recording industry. Many different companies invented their own type of recording device. Dr.
Alexander Dey of Dey Patents Co. (later Dey Time Register Company) invented the first dial
recorder in 1888. Willard Bundy invented the first time clock that could record the arrival and
departure of employees. Harlow Bundy incorporated the Bundy Manufacturing Company with his
brother Willard's time clock as its main product. Bundy then acquired the Standard Time Stamp
Company, which produced time stamps and card recorders, and soon after came up with the key
punch as their job time recorder. The Chicago Time Register Company created the first autograph
time recorder, and manufactured key, card, and autograph employee time recorders. J. Willard and F.

Frick formed the first time card recording company. In 1900, the International Time Recording
Company is formed by George Fairchild to be the selling agent for the recording industry. Their
suppliers included Dey Time Register Company, Bundy Manufacturing Company, Standard Time
Stamp Company, and

Business Analysis of IBM Essay examples
Business Analysis of IBM
1. History of IBM:
IBM is a multinational corporation that started its activities in 1911. But its origins can be traced
back to 1890, during the height of the Industrial Revolution. It was first known as the Computing–
Recording Company, and then in 1924, it took the name of International Business Machines.
Nowadays, this multinational company is known as the ¡§Big Blue¡¨
2. Mission statement
IBM main activity is to find solutions to its wide range of clients using advanced information
technology. Its clients are individual users, specialized businesses, and institutions such as
government, science, defense, and spatial and educational organizations.
To meet and respond to its customers needs, IBM creates, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The years 1992 and 1993 knew a slight increase in revenues that reached $13.4 billion and a net loss
of $399 million that changed to a net profit of $392 million in the first quarter of 1994.
5. Industry trends:
IBM¡¦s old belief was that personal computers are a vital part of their overall strategy to link
personal computers, minicomputers, and mainframes, their preferred product in this line. It was not
quick in adapting this belief to the new reality and importance of the PC potential, so during the
1980s and early 1990s, IBM was thrown into turmoil by back–to–back revolutions in the trends of
the computer industry. The PC revolution placed computers directly in the hands of millions of
people, and then, the client/server revolution sought to link all of those PCs (the "clients") with
larger computers that labored in the background (the "servers" that served data and applications to
client machines). Both revolutions transformed the way customers viewed, used and bought
technology, and both fundamentally rocked IBM.
6. Tactics at IBM were as follows:
Marketing at IBM has often been based on recycling and updating older proprietary systems
architectures in which it had a vested interest. It was a product rather than consumer oriented
strategy.
 IBM has made modest moves towards more industry specific approaches to problem
solutions in an effort to better meet customer needs.

 1988 attempt

Lenovo: Acquisition Case Of American IBM Personal Computer...
The SWOT Analysis of Lenovo–IBM Acquisition
Case study: The acquisition case of American IBM Personal Computer by the Chinese computer
company Lenovo. This article uses SWOT matrix to analysis the post–merger situation of Lenovo's
PC business and try to demonstrate a possible roadmap for future business.
On December 8th of 2004, Lenovo announced its merging of IBM's world personal computer (PC)
business which included the ThinkPad line of PCs. This deal costing Lenovo $1.25 billion, including
$650 million in cash, 600 million shares and an additional $500 million of IBM's debt.
The merger makes two companies formed a complex joint venture. For Lenovo, even the cost is
relatively high for it to purchase IBM PC at 2004, it benefits a lot ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Another reason for IBM to sell its PC division is due to its strategy aims. IBM have shifted its major
business from traditional PC productions to its software innovations. For IBM, their strategic
intension to sell its PC business was obey its overall strategy of developing software and reinforing
its service businesses (Deng, 2009). According to Steve Mills, Senior Vice President and Group
Executive, "(Lenovo–IBM's acquisition) allows IBM to focus on system and software innovations
that bring new kinds of value to strategic areas of our business, such as cognitive computing, Big
Data and cloud" (Deng, 2009:81). Therefore, when Lenovo decided to set its globalization
expansion through merger as a strategy, there were no doubt for IBM to act repeatedly on selling its
world PC business. Overall, under the more fierce competition in the domestic marketplace,
Lenovo's international expansion is an "essential stepping–stone for company's growth" (Deng,
2009:82). The acquisition of the two corporates also serves as a push for Lenovo to expand its
business worldwide. The merger provides a possibility for Lenovo to be part of the world–class
company. However, Lenovo and its decision makers as well as the CEO Mr. Liu Chuanzhi have to
face a post–merger integration problem of IBM's former business. In order to analysis the possible
integration strategies for two corporates after merger, the feasible theoretical SWOT framework will
be illustrated in detail.
SWOT analysis is

Ibm 's Global Talent Management Strategy
Lenny Barrett/Tammy Stauferland
IBM's Global Talent Management Strategy:
The Vision of the Globally Integrated Enterprise
Objective: Workforce Management Initiative (WMI) will transform the way IBM manages it most
important asset– Human Resources. They will use Analytics and Behavioral Science to improve
Organizational Performance.
History of IBM:
IBM was founded in 1911. It had a strong market in computing business that focused on the Main
Frame Computing. IBM reached its great success when IBM PC came out in the 1980s, but it failed
in the 1990s, mainly because it did not keep up with clients' needs. Lou Gerstner, IBM CEO, in
1993 came on board and fixed the problem. He focused on effective marketing and product lines.
Under his leadership, IBM experienced its success once more and was profiting from the growing
Internet business. Gerstner passed his baton of IBM leadership to a young, 31 year old, Sam
Palmisano as an IBM CEO in March 2002. Before his position as a CEO, Palmisano had run IBM's
integrated global services group from 1996–1999. Under his leadership and the legacy of Gerstner,
IBM was on solid footing and had acquired PWC Consulting from the Price Waterhouse Cooper
organization. IBM became global innovator in services: integrated, available on demand, locally
innovative, and globally synergistic.
IBM Central Issue:
The main issue that IBM was facing was its highly qualified and motivated workforce could not
provide the global flexibility to serve the

Intel Case Study
Intel Case
DRAM industry analysis – lessons learned
By the early 1980, Intel's total share in DRAM was barely 1% and manufacturing was restricted to
one fab out of Intel's eight fab, where the Japanese semiconductor companies had captured nearly
half of the world memory market. There are several factors that forced Intel to exit the DRAM
market, those are the same lessons learned.
1. Intel was always the pioneer in inventing and enhancing the DRAM with respect to the price and
performance, but the industry was driven by necessity to cross–license among established players.
And Intel was not on power at that time. Exhibit 6 shows the comparative intellectual property
consideration.
2. DRAM was standard, and all competitors faced ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Another way of achieving the profit of the added value is investment in software development to
leverage the advantage of the high performance processors. And that was achieved by development
of complementors, although Intel had a relationship with Microsoft, but it was enough, since it
required Microsoft years to develop the software, were Intel is moving faster, by adopting the
strategy of complementors, Intel build its capital. Intel strategy was to invest in companies that fit
strategically into Intel's business strategy as well as offered a financial return.
Threats and Actions
PC computing was the center of computing during the 1990s, but the internet took over the next
decade. Cellphones are sold more than PCs, and that is because they can access the Net. Network
and communication became more important to people, whether it is in the home, small business or
enterprise. Intel response to the changes in the environment by investing a lot of money in four
areas, client platforms, server platforms, cellular and wireless, and communication and networking.
Despite the fact that Intel took several steps toward making a position for it in the mobile and
internet market, the threat of being behind

Ibm's Corporate Culture
IBM's Corporate Culture Table of Contents
Abstract 1
Roots 1
Company 1
Culture 2
Culture 3
Impact 3
Managed 4
Results 4
Troubles 4
Wake Up Call 5
Refocus and Restore 6
Company 6
Customer 6
Stakeholder 7
Employee 7
Atmosphere 8
Results 8
Summary 9
References 10
Abstract
This is an analysis of the culture at IBM and the impact that it has had on their success. Corporate
culture is significant in that it "influences the behavior of everyone within an organization and, if
carefully crafted, can have a significant positive effect on organizational success" (Certo and Certo,
2006, p. 423). Louis Gerstner proved this at IBM during his tenure from 1993 to 2002 when he
revived IBM by refocusing on their culture.
Roots
Company
The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Watson, Jr. Thomas J. Watson, Jr. maintained the legacy and culture established by his father and
helped to establish IBM as the world's premier computer company with the introduction of the
System 360 in the early 1960s. Watson focused nearly all of IBM's people, resources, and capital
toward the development and deployment of the System 360. That gamble paid off enabling IBM to
garner over 90% of the exploding market for large computer systems. IBM's near monopoly in the

large computer marketplace provided tremendous growth and profitability for nearly 25 years.
However, the personal computer revolution of the 1980's (started by IBM, ironically) brought the
glory days of IBM to an abrupt and near tragic end.
Culture
Impact
The impact of IBM's culture during its first 75 years was profound. To be an employee of IBM
meant being a part of IBM. If one were to ask an IBM employee – whether an engineer, an
executive, or a janitor, "What do you do?" the answer would almost always be the same, "I'm an
IBMer." IBM was deeply committed to its employees. If an individual's skills were no longer needed
in one part of the company, IBM would relocate that individual to another part of the company and
provide them with whatever training they needed to again become productive. Even during the great
depression of the 1930s, IBM maintained and even grew its employee base, enabling the company
to capitalize on

Planning for Change
Planning for change
Before looking at how the internal and external environments affect an organisation such as IBM. It
is important to distinguish between each environment.
 The external environment can be broken down into two categories,
Mega: technological, economic, legal/political/sociocultural, international elements
Task: Governments and regulators, competitors, customers/clients, suppliers, public pressure groups,
the employment market
The external environment is one in which the organisation (IBM) has no degree of control over:
Included in the external environment are the opportunities and threats for the organisation and
against the organisation (of the SWOT analysis).
 The internal environment ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
– Technological, economic, socio cultural/ customer relationships.
"IBM scored a huge win when it was by U.S. federal government to help star up and automate the
Social Security system in the 1930's."
Technological advances in the next 20 years saw the main frame computer being developed where
IBM had a strong hold with an internally designed product called system/360 that had a hold on the
market for the next 20 years.
– Technological
System/360 was a fully compatible computer system with integrated circuits and the invention of
semi conductor chips miniaturised components, reducing size yet making computers more efficient.
These meant computers were accessible to more businesses and enabled customers to upgrade as
their needs grew. The computer industry is forever growing and expanding.
– Technological advances, economic stability

"The franchise was a gold mine. IBM's share of the computing market skyrocketed. Competitors
reeled; many disappeared."– Louis Gerstner
IBM had little in the way of competitors in the early years with a 60% profit and held 30%market
share; this however was probably what attracted the antitrust law suit. – Competitive environment,
legal/political, government regulators
The antitrust suit filed by the United States department of justice definitely shaped IBM in dramatic
ways having a

IBM Strategy Essay
As CEO of IBM, Samuel J. Palmisano used the momentum of the success gained under the
leadership of Louis Gestner to steer the business in a new direction. Sam intends to restore the
organization to the former status it held as a technological leader with an admirable company
culture. Palmisano's plan calls for the reorganization of the executive management board,
restructuring of incentive programs, and an emphasis on collaboration across all divisions.
Establishing closer relationships between researchers and clients is also a key factor in creating new
opportunities for growth for IBM. E–business on demand is the new initiative at the heart of
Palmisano's strategy for the growth of IBM's Global Services. E–business will transform ... Show
During Palmisano's leadership Global Services became IBM's most profitable division and
continues to display tremendous growth potential. The division sells IT packages to organizations
that include software, hardware, as well as systems and software integration. To achieve the
seamless integration of systems IBM has made a major investment in open source technologies such
as the Linux operating system and grid computing. "Linux is one of the world's fastest–growing
operating system. IBM is a strong supporter of Linux as a way to promote open standards. Open
standards allow the interoperability of various applications, technologies, and computer devices,
providing customers with a wider choice and flexibility to deploy applications.2 The open source
licensing of these technologies allows IBM to develop upon their capabilities to suit the client's
needs while eliminating the expense of commercial products.
The recent inclination for corporations to downsize IT departments and reduce operation costs
means that IBM cannot rely on the sales of hardware and software for continued growth. Sam
Palmisano's vision for IBM's future success is contingent on the company becoming a provider of
"On–Demand Business" IT services. The concept is to distribute computer services like utilities and
have customers pay on a usage basis. This removes the burden of capital and resources necessary to

Why Did Ibm Decide? Develop The Model 5150?
 Why did IBM decide to develop the Model 5150? Was there a strategic purpose for the company
to do so? IBM was already a big name in the market of mini, middle range and mainframe
computers. The perspective and promising small computer market, greatly gaining ground due to
Apple II and other few, was still a difficult task despite their multi–millionaire efforts. IBM decided
to develop the model 5150 on the lines of their first PC model 5100, which was pretty unaffordable
for large masses. Apple had already launched their first PC back in 1976 at a very affordable
$666.66. To influence and gain wide acceptance in PC market IBM needed to come up with
something unique and economical and rest would have been taken care of by IBM's big name. ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The development team consisting of about a dozen people started to build a prototype to take to a
little known company called Microsoft. The team finished their task mostly by April, 1981. The
manufacturing team then took over to simplify everything and on August12, 1981, at a press
conference at the Waldorf Astoria ballroom in New York city, Estridge announced the IBM PC with
a price tag of $1,565.  Why did IBM choose to collaborate with other companies to develop the
necessary technology, hardware, and software for the Model 5150? IBM had designed and made
nearly everything it sold till the moment when BILL LOWE got the permission to develop the new
small computer model within a year. To meet the due deadline along with the priority of keeping the
price low, the development team turned towards a number of outside contributors for the necessary
technology, hardware and software for the model 5150. The pretested and individual expertise of
outside contributors gave the team a necessary time window to achieve their task in. This also lead
to the reduction in the price for 5150 model which was multiple times less than the previous
products that IBM ever sold. Microsoft provided operating system (QDOS, renamed PC–DOS),
Intel provided 8088 processor. IBM choose an existing monitor from IBM Japan and a dot– matrix
printer by Epson. The keyboard and

Hp Procurve
HP ProCurve Case Discussion
1. Evolution of NB (networking business)
Period | Industry Trends & Competition | NB's Focus & Strategy | Attention from HP Top
Management | Internal Relationships | External Relationships | Resource Allocation | NB
Performance | 1. Emergence1970s | Fermentation, very few companies (3com) | Interconnect with
disparate computers, emulating IBM systems and networking HP computers among themselves. |
Very little | Management didn't give it much attention | None | Very little money | | 2. IND &
ING1982–88 | Fermentation, Cisco and 3com | ING had to create networking protocols to
communicate with a variety of systems, including IBM mainframes and DEC mini computers and
HP's own three ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Will ProCurve be able to thrive under the umbrella of TSG? Or should it stand on its own within
HP? Present the pros and cons of each option and then make a decision.
I believe that putting it with TSG is the best that they have done for it, but they should put it on its
own. If you look at Cisco and 3com, they show you how much potential the market has and how
much ProCurve has of that market. ProCurve should stand on its own to be able to better monitor
and to give the person responsible for it his full focus. The pros of being a stand–alone are: full
focus from the management on ProCurve products, separate sales team, marketing team, R&D,
etc., more entrepreneurial sprit. The Cons are that HP would compare it to all the other larger
departments and if it didn't perform as high as they did, they might sell it like they previously were
planning to do. The pros of being under TSG is that ProCurve will not be compared to other
departments, but rather the whole TSG will be, this will show more revenue from that department
and if ProCurve didn't perform as well, it can be covered by other revenues. TSG can allocate more
things to ProCurve faster and decisions can be done faster and on a smaller scale. The cons of being
under TSG are that TSG can allocate things different and not really give ProCurve the attention it
needs to grow to its potential, Sales and marketing

IBM DB2 vs Oracle Essay
For this week's paper I have chosen to do a comparison between IBM's DB2 database management
system (DBMS) product and Oracle. Realistically, making such a comparison is akin to discussing
religion with friends. Each person will have their own biases based on their own experiences.
Looking for an unbiased opinion is much like looking for the Holy Grail, every bit as speculative
and subjective with the results jaundiced by the outlook of the reporter (Lim, 2002).
A decision between DB2 and Oracle should be based on what resources are available for use at the
site. Is there specific hardware or software already onsite that can or will be used in the installation,
if so this will have a major impact on the decision making process. Does the ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Oracle 9i comes in three versions enterprise, standard, and personal. Oracle also requires the
following patch levels on Windows operating systems (OS) for installation; Windows NT, service
pack (sp) 5; Windows 2000, sp 1; Windows XP, none needed. Oracle 9i is also available for HP
AIX, Compaq Tru64 Unix, Linux, and Sun Solaris (Chigrik, 2003).
The DB2 Universal Database v8.1 comes in six flavors, DB2 Enterprise Server Edition, DB2
Workgroup Server Edition, DB2 Workgroup Server Unlimited Edition, DB2 Personal Edition, DB2
Universal Developers Edition, and DB2 Personal Developers Edition. The following patch levels are
required based on the Windows OS it is installed on. Windows NT, sp 6a; Windows 2000, sp 2 is
required for terminal services; Windows XP, none. As with Oracle, DB2 is also available for the
following UNIX based OS's, AIX, Linux, Sun Solaris, and adds support for HP UX (Chigrik, 2003).
Performing a flat out performance comparison between these two RDBMS is difficult mostly
because both can be used to build a stable and efficient system. Most of the difference in
performance can usually be traced back to the developer and the administrators for the respective
systems. But, that said, a direct comparison is possible once a set of typical transactions have been
defined, that can then be run under the different DBMS on different hardware and software
platforms (Chigrik, 2003).
In fact, this is what has been done by the

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