History Of Career Technical Education

History Of Career Technical Education Essay
Abstract
This report will provide the history of career technical education in the United States and relevance
of legislative actions, laws, acts and policies beginning as early as the 18th century and continuing
through current–day society. Chronologically documented, the primary focus is on the Carl D.
Perkins Career Technical Education 2006, its origin, issues and effects of each amendment that led
to important federal government legislations. For an understanding of the Carl D. Perkins Career
and Technical Education 2006 Act, an introduction section will provide information on amended
acts, laws, and policies that led to the present act and career technical education. Other sections will
discuss time periods of local and national legislation changes in the Carl D. Perkins Act, how they
affect the present and future of career and technical education. A brief conclusion of the entire
research to include summary findings and references.
Introduction
Vocational Education has been around throughout history in ways that were not noticed as a trending
way for education. After the wars, families were self–sustained through personal knowledge and
self–learned skills needed to survive. As society, advanced, newer, more efficient ways of
completing tasks and learning took place, to include assistance outside the home, so families could
better provide for itself. It was through these advancements that paved the way to vocational
education as we know it today. There has been
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Essay on Recording, Analysing & Using HR & L&D information
Activity 1 There are several reasons why an organisation needs to collect HR data and are no
different. During my review I have discovered the following reasons we are collecting this
information and examples of information that we are collecting: Legal requirements– This has
covered working time regulations, tribunals, accident at work reports To be able to contact family or
individuals– This allows us easy access to personal details in case of accidents, sickness or
emergency contacts To allow for decision making– Information stored allows us to consider
promotions, planning training & associated costs, work force planning Types of information:
Sickness records– Allows HR to track staff sickness and provides ... Show more content on
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As such we must comply with the 8 data protection principles in that personal Data shall: 1) Be
fairly and lawfully processed 2) Processed for limited purposes 3) Adequate, relevant and not
excessive 4) Accurate and up to date 5) Not kept longer than is necessary 6) Processed in line with
your rights 7) Secure 8) Not transferred to other countries without adequate protection. Another
legislation that governs this is the freedom of information Act. This provides the public access to
information held by public authorities. It does this in two ways: Public authorities are obliged to
publish certain information about their activities; and Members of the public are entitled to request
information from public authorities. For the public to gain this information they must provide a
written request with their: Name Address Description of information And can be liable to a cost for
providing this information, but will be entitled to a notice stating reasons if request is refused. Word
count 542 Activity 2 Training department The training department currently consists

The Five Factor Model
THE FIVE –FACTOR MODEL
James Baron and David Kreps had given the Five–Factor model, which is based on Michael Porter's
Five Forces model of business analysis (Porter, 1980). These factors will influence the Competitive
Intelligence system in any organization. These factors are External Environment, Workforce,
Organizational Culture and Structure, Organizational Strategy, and Technology of Production and
Organization of Work (Baron & Kreps, 1999). Lack of correspondence between any one of these
factors can lead the firm's CI practices to the failure.
Figure 15.1 The Five–Factor model. (Source: Adapted from Baron & Kreps [1999]).
External Environment
The External Environment component takes into ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This could also work to the firm's disadvantage, since gathered intelligence should never be
considered static. New developments are always transpiring that render recently collected
intelligence obsolete and invalid. The firm that fails to recognize this will have surely wasted its CI
efforts.
Workforce
The workforce element of the Five–Factor model concerns demographic factors such as social (or
workforce) homogeneity (i.e., workforce uniformity with respect to education, work experience,
etc.). Workforce consistency also includes the skill set incorporated into the team. Demographic
factors can also seriously impede or enhance CI and strategy (Baron & Kreps, 1999). The skill–set
that the CI team leader possesses is vital to team success. Managers need to be able to understand
the degree of management their particular team requires. Due to the creative and sometimes
ambiguous nature of CI, team leaders must know when to step in and give direction or when to let
the CI team members find their own resolution. Micro–management from the team leader will likely
undermine team effectiveness and inhibit team performance as members become dependent upon
guidance or possibly resentful of interference (Simon, 2000). Too little direction from the team
leader may lead to confusion with regards to the composition of team deliverables. The team

HR Objectives And Strategies
Question 1 1.1 HR objectives delivered in organisation and strategies are used for it. During the
planning stage of a business strategy, HR has access to exclusive data in the form of participant
based on: Recruitment Compensation analysis Sharing data with fellow HR professionals Vision of
the existing workforce based on: Development Training plans HR has access to all parts of the
organisation so is able to observe: Inter–relationships Strengths Weaknesses HR function is
responsible for delivering: Business Strategy Human resources (HR) improve business performance
and develop organisational culture that encourages modernisation, flexibility and competitive
advantage. Human Resource Strategy HR is

The Challenges Faced By The Managers Of Companies With...
Abstract:
Human Capital is the most sought after resource today for the whole business world when compared
to any other resource. In fact, it has become the most critical resource across the globe.
Organizations, big or small, are only capitalizing on the human potential, their strengths and their
core competencies to achieve a remarkable competitive advantage.
Organizations strategize on different areas of their business. But there may be many challenges that
they have to confront while meeting those challenges Therefore they need the best of the 'human
factor' in their organizations to execute their strategies. This descriptive paper aims at identifying the
challenges being faced by the managers of companies with regard to human capital.
As human capital is a true amalgamation of abilities, skills, ideas, knowledge, motivation,
experiences and values, an attempt is made through this paper to identify the clear strategies being
devised by the organizations to face the ongoing and upcoming challenges of human capital. Apart
from Indian organizations, some references are extracted from organizations of other communities
also.
Key Words: Human Capital, Leadership, HR Department, HR Outsourcing & Talent management.
A firm 's human capital is an important source of sustained competitive advantage (Hitt et al., 2001)
and therefore investments in the human capital of the workforce may increase employee
productivity and financial results (Pfeffer, 1998).
People are better

Developing Personal Computer Software Systems
Introduction
Transnational corporations refer to "corporations that have their home base in one country and
branches, or affiliates, in other countries" (Mooney 2015, 213). An example of such corporation is
Microsoft. Microsoft was founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen in 1975 (Microsoft, 2016). It is "the
worldwide leader in software, services, devices and solutions that help people and businesses realize
their full potential" (Microsoft, 2016).
In addition to developing personal–computer software systems and applications, it "publishes books
and multimedia titles, offers e–mail services, and sells electronic game systems, computer
peripherals, and portable media players" as well (Zachary, 2016). The company has sales offices
worldwide. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 2015, the company workforce was 59.2 percent Caucasian, 29.3 percent Asian, 5.4 percent
Hispanic or Latino, 3.5 percent American African, 1.3 percent multi–racial, 0.5 percent American
Indian or Alaskan native, and 0.3 percent Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander (Microsoft, 2015).
Males occupied 73.1 percent of the total company workforce, while females occupied 26.8 percent
(Microsoft, 2015).
Microsoft has 4 main operation centers located differently: (1) Licensing, Manufacturing,
Operations and Logistics in Dublin, Ireland; (2) Manufacturing in Humacao, Puerto Rico; (3)
Licensing and Operations in Reno, Nevada; and (4) Operations and Logistics in Singapore
(Microsoft, 2016). There are production facilities, for manufacturing of phones for instance, in
Masan, South Korea (1984), Beijing, China (1995), Dongguan, China (1995), Manaus, Brazil
(1998), Komárom, Hungary (1999), Chennai, India (2006), Reynosa, Mexico (1996), and Hanoi,
Vietnam (2013) (Microsoft, 2016). There has been a debate on the effects of transnational
corporations. This brings about the question: should Microsoft and other transnational corporations
continue to operate the way they have been? Using the conflict perspective, Microsoft needs to
address the negative impacts it brings upon as a transnational corporation.
Effects on Other Countries Microsoft, as a transnational corporation, can certainly bring about
different effects on the countries in which it has offices or plants. This can be

Greenfield (India V. Germany)
Introduction As a part of its international expansion program, Acme, a U.S. multinational enterprise
(MNE), is currently in the planning stages of establishing a Greenfield which is an investment that
establishes a production or service facility starting from the ground up overseas (Eitman, Stonehill,
Moffett, 2004). In this paper, we will present a proposal to the steering committee comparing the
advantages and disadvantages of starting operations in one of two selected foreign countries
overseas. However, the steering committee has determined that one alternative must be a member of
the European Union EU while the other cannot be a member of the EU or the country of China. In
this paper, we will provide the reason behind selecting ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since then, the Indian economy has grown rapidly over the past decade, with real GDP growth
averaging some 6% annually (wto.org, 2002). Despite external shocks, such as the Asian economic
crisis and fluctuations in petroleum prices, which resulted in a slowdown to 4.8% in 1997/98, the
economy recovered to grow at over 6% during the two subsequent years (wto.org, 2002). The Indian
Government has recently announced to further simplify and reduce the tariff and other taxes in a
second–generation reform aimed at further and faster integration of the Indian economy with the
global economy. It should be clear that India 's economic policies are designed to attract significant
capital inflows into India on a sustained basis to encourage technology collaboration agreements
between India and foreign firms. Policy initiatives taken over the past few years have resulted in a
significant investment in all areas of the economy, except those reserved for the public sector. FDI is
freely allowed in most sectors, including the service sector. FDI for virtually all items or activities
can be bought in through the Automatic Route under powers delegated to the Reserve Bank of India
and for the remaining items or activities through the Government approval. Government approvals
are accorded on the recommendation

Local Government In Australia
Background of Australian Government In Australia's Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC),
the Commonwealth has responsibility for social security while state governments have primary
responsibility for education (Press & Hayes, 2000). Thus, policy and funding matters related to
different forms of ECEC services rest with different tiers of government (Press & Hayes, 2000).
There is the local government, which is established and regulated by State and Territory parliaments
(Press & Hayes, 2000). Australia has about 750 local government councils responsible for town
planning, roads, streets and bridges, waste and sanitation services and community recreation
facilities. Many, though not all, local governments in Australia are involved in ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
During the 1940s and 1950s preschools, as they became known, began to emerge in middle class
suburbs and were often managed by local parents. During the 1960s and 1970s, some State
Governments became involved in the provision of preschool services. In both Victoria and New
South Wales preschool provision remained largely in the hands of voluntary agencies (Brennan,
1998). Although preschool provision and operation were widespread, preschools largely failed to
meet the needs of working mothers. A strong push for the provision of child care services to support
working women developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s. A feminist advocacy for women's
rights seek in paid employment and researches on the number of children left without adequate
supervision because of their parents' need to work, and the needs of industry for access to women's
labour became a powerful impetus for governments to take child care provision seriously (Press &
Hayes, 2000). As a result, the Commonwealth Minister for Labour and National Service introduced
the Child Care Act 1972, which commenced Commonwealth involvement in the funding of child
care programs beyond the Lady Gowrie Centres. From 1983 to 1990 child care provision was
regarded as part of the social wage under the Commonwealth Labor Government where
government–provided benefits and services (Press & Hayes, 2000). In 1990 the Commonwealth
Labor Government extended the

Caterpillar
'Mature product markets drove Caterpillar's restructuring during the 1990s'. Critically examine this
statement.
With 2004 sales revenue in excess of $30 billion and profits of $2.03 billion Caterpillar is the worlds
leading manufacturer of construction, mining and earth moving equipment. Caterpillar operates in
three key areas; machinery, engines and more recently financial products. Mature product markets
are an aspect of all product lifecycles once the initial rapid growth stage is complete sales will
continue to rise but however at a much slower rate. Problems associated with mature markets
include; slower cost recovery, increased risk of competitors capturing market share and the threat of
products moving into the decline stages ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These high labour costs were behind one of the most important driving forces of restructuring. In the
early 1980s these high labour costs coupled with falling levels of demand led to a massive increase
in labour share of value added rising to 94% in 1991 whilst the recommended maximum is 70%
(Froud, et al., 1998). This meant that there was very little value added available to cover other
expenses including research and development and share dividends etc. This was of critical
importance to Caterpillar and required urgent action from management. Therefore in response to this
caterpillar reduced employment levels and stood their ground in the ongoing dispute with the union
to eventually secure lower labour costs for the organisation. This was done partly through the
increase in computerised technology which will be discussed shortly. The restructuring also
involved the reduction of job classifications and an increasingly multi skilled workforce allowing
further reductions in employee numbers and therefore costs. Added long term fringe benefits of
these employee reductions could be in increased levels of motivation and productivity as those
remaining employees may feel a sense of greater job security and job enrichment from being more
highly trained to be multi skilled. A second area to consider is the increasing levels of computer
technology. Worldwide manufacturing is becoming

Is South Korea And The Global Market For The Next Decade?
Investors tend to limit their investments to those companies domiciled in their own country due to a
strong home country bias, which is one of the most enduring and best documented behavioral biases
in investing. However, emerging market equities are too large to be ignored, and they represent
24.6% of the world's market capitalization according to March 2015 data from World Bank. As
emerging markets grow over time, they have also become less risky since they are more tightly
correlated to developed markets. Regardless of Korea's political risk, I personally believe South
Korea will outperform the global market for the next decade due to several factors including tax
supports, its strategic location, and an education system. Many people are hesitant about investing in
South Korea since they are currently in a state of war with North Korea, and incidents involving
military occur from time to time to increase tension between two countries. Although South Korea's
political violence resulted in an increase in risk, the country itself shows general peace and stability
due to an armistice agreement that has lasted for around 60 years. South Korea did not have a single
history of political violence directed against foreign investors, and they were able to accumulate
USD 19 billion of foreign direct investment in 2014. Foreign direct investments have become
essential part of the Korean economy as the foreign invested companies in Korea now account for
13% of sales, 12% of all

Career Education in American Public Schools Essay
Problem Statement How should the United States government revitalize career and technical
education (CTE) to meet 21st century needs, including collaboration and partnership between K–12
public education and the workforce?
Background
The need for a national career education program is driven by a few principles. Firstly, CTE can
help to keep students in school. In 2011, seven percent of American students dropped out of high
school ("Dropout rates", n.d.). CTE programs help to keep students in school because they connect
what students are learning to the outside world, giving students a purpose and motivation for
finishing school. They also tend to focus more on hands on learning, which can appeal to a different
style of learner than ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These are all industries that can offer career training in public K–12 schools. CTE can either aid
high school graduates in getting jobs in better fields or ensure that graduates start in higher positions
within those fields. Most students with only a high school diploma join the work world in an
unskilled profession, and only about 15% have a managerial or professional position (Carnevale,
Smith, & Strohl, 2011). CTE can increase the number of high school graduates who are able to
fulfill midlevel or manager level positions, jobs that provide a living wage and more job satisfaction.
In his most recent State of the Union address, President Barack Obama called for job training that
does not just help a young person get a job, but put them on a path so that they have a career for life
(Obama, 2014). CTE also provides employers with a workforce that is either trained when they
leave high school with the specific skills necessary for their jobs, or has been inspired to attain post–
secondary education in their fields. In 1996, when the Perkins Act was renewed, only 20% of jobs
needed a bachelor's degree or higher, but many of them still required some amount of post–
secondary education or training ("Carl D. Perkins...," 2012). In the near future, however, Carnevale
et al. (2011) have predicted that 86% of youth will need to attend some post–secondary education by
2025 to be marketable in the workforce. However, most high school graduates are

Sample Of Dl Research Paper
As we know that the key factors which contribute to the successful of a business and the develop of
economic in a nation is labor. Every day, more and more issues get involves to the DOL such as
child labor, women labor, veteran, labor unions. To understand those, we need to figure out what is
DOL, where, when and how. This paper aims to answer three questions about DOL which are: what
is the purpose of DOL, history of DOL, and its current budget & possible solutions for reform/
restructuring.
Department of Labor (DOL) has the responsibilities for any aspect related to labors and jobs. DOL
federal law includes workers right, working conditions, working environment, minimum wages,
anti–discrimination, insurance for unemployed, and financial ... Show more content on
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From the conflict between rail workers and the managers, Congress came up with The Railway
Labor Act in 1926. The Act was a primary factor lead to the develop of airlines laborer in 1936. In
1927, the DOL approved the new policy which guaranteed the fair pay for harbor workers, and also
provided medical benefits for all the employees. When the Great Depression hits the America, the
DOL started to collect the unemployed data, in order to release the nation from the depression. In
addition, the government and the DOL came up with many enactments and policies such as the
Wagner–Peyser Act, Joining the International Labor Organization to improve the working
environment, the National Labor Relations Act to protect the workers, Social Security Act to support
the income for unemployed or disability, the Apprenticeship Act Allows Labor Department, and the
new policy which is 40 hours' workweek. In 1945, the DOL started to focus more on veterans to
help them with the jobs and also provide more benefits. This is also the significant time in America
when WWII started. Another issue from DOL during this period was child labor, and it officially
ended in 1947, sign by President

Fiji as a Transitional Society
Economy of Fiji
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Endowed with forest, mineral, and fish resources, Fiji is one of the most developed of the Pacific
island economies, though it remains a developing country with a large subsistence agriculture
sectorTemplate:Https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the–world–factbook/geos/fj.html.
Agriculture accounts for 18% of Gross Domestic Product, although it employs some 70% of the
workforce as of 2001. Sugar exports and a growing tourist industry are the major sources of foreign
exchange. Sugar cane processing makes up one–third of industrial activity; coconuts, ginger, and
copra are also significant.
Fiji Village quoted Energy Minister Lekh Ram Vayeshnoi on 22 ... Show more content on
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On 14 April 2005, the Cabinet approved Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase's proposal to develop a
biofuels industry. Under the plan, ethanol is to be developed as a complement to the sugar industry,
with the hope of alleviating Fiji's dependence on imported fossil fuels such as petrol.
On 15 August, Qarase said that the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) had granted
assistance to Fiji to develop its biofuels project. Transformation of the Fiji Sugar Corporation into an
energy and sugar company would result in a turnover of F$1 billion by 2025, he said, and would cut
imports of crude oil, generate export earnings, and provide a source of electricity. Energy could be
produced from copra, forest, and agricultural products, as well as sugar. He touted the scheme as
necessary for diversifying and strengthening the sugar industry for its own survival and the nation's
economic good. He said that the government of Indiahad loaned F$86 million for the upgrading of
Fiji's sugar mills, which would be completed in time for the 2007–2008 crushing season.
On 28 December 2005, John Teiwa of the Coconut Industry Development Authority announced that
a 20–year plan for the coconut industry would be launched in 2006. Finance from international
investors, including the government of India, would be sought to develop the processing of virgin
and extra virgin coconut oil, with a view to venturing into foreign health

Self-Directed Teams: Case Study
Background
Amasi's executive education course on work force education and Team structures, he learnt that the
SDTs (Self–directed teams) model would improve productivity and quality of units by 30% to 40%,
and returns on investment evidently improved by 3 times compared with industry average. After
bringing 35–year–old Jay Winslow, the plant manager, on board, they both believe a flattened and
simplified organizational hierarchy and committed workforce with a high level of satisfaction would
enhance the employees' commitment and sense of ownership, and therefore inspire the workers to
continuously improve processes, and increase productivity and quality, eventually.
Since they have focused on removing hierarchical layers, increasing employees' involvement, and
pushing the decision process to a lower level within the organization, Qwersy. (2013) "The Corpus
Christi experiment" was a huge success comparing to other plants, 80% to 82% vs. 65%–70%
productivity. However, the SDTs at the new plant have not been able to achieve the expected goal of
95% design capacity. It seems that some existing difficulties on job definition and management
hinder the further improvement, including: individual recognition and performance evaluation,
Clarification of job definition and decision boundaries between management and workforce.
Review & Analysis
Individual recognition & Performance Evaluation
While they are successful at group recognition, it seems that little attention has been

Unit 3 P1
Activity1 The following document is intended as a general guideline for collecting, storing and
using HR data in the organisation. Two reasons why the organisation needs to collect HR data: to
inform decision making : when changing policies and procedures it is crucial to have records of data
to direct the process. For example, a record of accidents can help understand what needs to be done
to prevent them, discipline unsafe behaviours or creating safety checklists. to monitor costs and
allocate budgets: everything has a cost in an organisation and collecting data can help estimate the
return on each investment. For example, motivation surveys can inform on the effectiveness of pay
and reward strategies and employees performances can be analysed to evaluate returns on training
investment. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
employees demographics and the link between incentives/productivity can help understand which
type of reward is more efficient in improving employee performance. Methods of storing records
and benefits The methods used to store data are classified in manual or electronic (internal or
external). The choice on how to keep records can depend on the organisation size and resources and
should be in line with the business needs. Some organisations might choose a mix of manual and
electronic methods, keeping some hardcopy of important documents like photocopies of
ID/Passports. Manual systems Electronic internal systems DESCRIPTION paper documents are
stored in filing cabinets: the documents must be organized, the cabinets should be securely locked
and easy to access for authorized staff. data are stored as files on internal devices (like hardware)
and shared/managed through intranets and HRIS; this include electronic appraisal forms and self
service systems. ADVANTAGES inexpensive no IT skills required documents can be used for
meetings not subject to hacking Easy/quick access and sharing of information Different people can
update employees

What´s Occupational Environment?
1. Introduction
According to Black (2014), the occupational environment can be difined as "the workplace
surroundings that encompass the physical and social environment,". The social environment can be
seen as social relationships, immediate physical surroundings and cultural setting in which groups of
people function and interact. It includes the industrial and occupational structure, the social and
economic processes and labour markets among others. Social environments also include the social,
historical and power relations that have become institutionalized over time. Social environments are
dynamic and change over time as the result of both internal and external forces. ( Barnett & Casper,
2001).
The work environment however, refers ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
44). The government's apartheid policies and the detention of black trade union activists were also
repeatedly brought into the international firing line and it was met with massive international
disinvestment and large–scale sanctions (Venter & Levy, 2013, p. 45). 1979 was considered the
turning point for South Africa when the Wiehahn Commission was appointed who recommended the
inclusion of black employees in the definition of an employee (according to the Labour relations
Act).
4. Change in Labour Legislation
Regarding South African Legislation, significant chances were seen especially in the labour
environment. Since the demise of the apartheid we saw tremendous changes such Apartheid laws
that discriminated against blacks, Asians, coloureds, woman and the disabled has now over a
transformation period been replaced with laws such as BBE, Employment equity and Affirmative
Action. Various laws such as recognising the black worker as an employee in the Labour Relations
Act, etc. (As discussed above) has been implemented before 1994 already. However, we have
continually seen changes in labour legislation after 1994 as well.
The four principle Acts forming the bastions of South Africa's labour legislative framework is the
Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995, Basic Conditions of Employment Act 75 of 1997, the
Employment Equity Act 55 of 1998 and Skills Development Act 97 of 1998 (Venter & Levy,

The Uninsured: A Case Study
Data show that the number of uninsured Americans has greatly reduced over the past 2–3 years.
However, prior to the adoption of various provisions of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), there were
over 41 million people uninsured in 2013 (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2014). The number of people
without health insurance, especially children, has steadily increased throughout most of the past
decade. Children without health insurance are more likely to suffer from preventable and treatable
illnesses, including their long lasting related effects, than their insured peers (Majerol et al, 2014).
Majerol et al. also demonstrate that the uninsured are less likely than those with insurance to receive
preventive care and services for major health conditions and chronic diseases. ... Show more content
(2010) health care coverage is strongly related to better health outcomes for children when it
becomes affordable and help people use care appropriately. Health care coverage helps consumer
gain continuity of care, preventive and screening services, mental health care, prescription drugs,
and other services. Vulnerable populations are at a higher risk of declined health outcomes when
they are without any type of health care coverage. Being insured can also enhance economic and
social well–being through decreasing use of hospital services, preventing developmental problems
in children, decreasing costs of public programs and services and increasing workforce productivity.
In 1997, President Clinton signed the law called State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP)
(Sultz, 2010). It was designed to provide health insurance to uninsured children of low–wage,
working parents. SCHIP offered $24 billion to states over 5 years, $40 billion over ten years and
represented the single biggest public investment in children's health care since the creation of
Medicaid in

Signalling and Screening Theory
The contemporary labour market is characterised by imperfect information. This occurrence can
produce a degree of uncertainty for the Human Resource function, in particular recruitment and
selection. The lack of clarity concerning the productive capabilities of potential employees has led
employers to seek alternative avenues when recruiting and selecting workers. Signaling and
screening theory are an important element in the recruitment and selection process. The increasing
qualifications obtained by the workforce is a phenomenon producing various challenges to
recruitment and selection. Challenges such as undermining of the efficacy of signaling as well as
complicating the recruitment and selection process. A number of actions can be ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Having more applicants to organise, employers may require additional resources for recruitment and
selection. Additional testing may be undertaken to predict productivity such as more psychometric
testing to assess the more subjective attributes. The use of additional resources in an attempt to sort
out applicants can act to complicate the recruiting and selection process. There are a number of
possible actions employers can take to deal with increasing qualifications obtained in the workforce.
A greater emphasis can be placed on psychometric testing for mental traits in addition to selecting
on credentials. As productivity and efficiency are the ultimate objectives sought by employers,
qualities such as motivation have precedence over credentials. While generic abilities may be hard
to distinguish due to imperfect information it is these traits possessed by employees that will have a
direct bearing on performance. Therefore more psychometric testing such as personality tests
attempt to overcome the informational gap that exists prior to employment. In addition it also
alleviates the issue of increased qualifications by recruiting and selecting on these terms. Another
possible course of action employers could take is a greater focus on fit at the organisational and
team level. Selection based on qualifications usually focuses more on individual and job fit. Fit at
different levels is important as

The Labor Relations Act Of The Senate
Introduction Today's economic climate has lost and shed more jobs than ever. Organizations need
unions to survive and a process to keep them. Under the present conditions, unions need to embrace
revolutionary change. They need to experiment with innovative models and build on existing ones
that have already proven their value that works for workers, business, and overall society. Today's
Economic Climate with organizations that unions no longer survive in In the fall of 1934 Senator
Wagner introduced the National Labor Relations Act in the senate. On July 5, 1935, President
Franklin Roosevelt signed the National Labor Relations Act. This act was put into place to help
unions survive, under the section 7, it gave employees the right to form and join unions and it
obligated employers to bargain collectively with unions in a selective manner. Although, the future
of organized labor in the economy today looks grim, the unions will have to do whatever it takes to
help keep contribute to a healthy economy. They will have to do use whatever form it takes to help
with the decline in private unions as well. In the past decades, unions have stood to fall by the
wayside, due to the contributing factor of the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA). They do not
adapt to external factors, such as competition and productivity in the global economy. These factors
are a problem for unionism by themselves. The current state of the NLRA has magnified their effect.

Whiteness And Racial Inequality In The Workplace
White privilege exists across a number of different dimensions, all of which are significant and
intersecting. One such dimension is labor, which has played an important role in both the
construction and maintenance of whiteness. Although labor movements have traditionally been
associated with workers' liberation, this has not always been the case with regard to racial and ethnic
minorities. Indeed, the American workforce in the 20th Century was extremely stratified by race.
Racially disparate opportunities and outcomes in employment were and continue to be the norm
thanks to institutions embracing the possessive investment in whiteness. This has contributed
significantly to the structural racial inequality we see today, especially as experienced by African
Americans. White privilege and the possessive investment in whiteness have been perpetuated
throughout American labor history due to public policy and labor practices, both explicitly racial
and nonracial, which have codified and protected whiteness as property. ... Show more content on
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The focus then shifts to historical examples of the possessive investment in white labor, beginning
with federal labor policies such as the Wagner Act. This is supplemented with cases of white
privilege in labor unions and hiring practices, with an emphasis on the racially disparate outcomes
of so–called "colorblind" policies. The paper then draws parallels between the devastation
experienced by poor black communities in the economic downturn of the late–1970s and early
1980s and Hurricane Katrina, arguing that colorblind policy effectively disadvantages racial and
ethnic minorities while privileging white folks. This is followed by a recognition of the current
racial disparities in financial and economic well

Selection And Development Of Talent Management
Selection and Development in Talent Management C4.12 Bellevue University Selection and
Development in Talent Management The shortage of skilled employees combined with tightening
budgets has left many organizations reassessing their talent management investments. Limited
resources and changes in the type of labor needed have left manufacturing firms with the difficult
choice of whether to invest in the development of internal talent or looking outside the firm. The
purpose of this paper is to present a theoretical analysis of the selection or develop of skilled trades
in a large manufacturing organization. War for Skilled Labor Wheeler (1998) suggests that
manufacturing organizations are moving to more advanced and sophisticated processes that require
a workforce with advanced skill sets. The successful recruitment and development of skilled labor is
imperative as technological advances and complex machinery becomes a necessity for
manufacturing companies to remain competitive (Thornhill, 2006). Michaels, Handfield–Jones, and
Axelrod (2001) propose that declining birth rates and earlier retirements could create a skills
shortage in critical areas. They refer to this trend as the impending "War for Talent." The aging
workforce continues to be a growing concern for organizations (Bloom, Canning, & Sevilla, 2003).
Thomas Calo (2008) has sent a call to action for HR professionals. He first warns of the effect the
retirement of baby boomers will have on

Essay on Information and Communications Technology:...
Information and Communications Technology – the case of teleworking.
===================================================================
Developments in information and communications technologies are having profound effects on
employment in rural areas and also possibly on the competitive advantage of rural areas. This latter
point will depend on the extent to which rural areas are able to 'capture a higher share of information
and knowledge related work than has been the case in the past.' (Bryden, 1997). Bryden sees
'information' as a cash commodity, which is able to empower and to improve democracy, with great
potential for development of rural areas which have hitherto seen less of the expansion in
teleworking than have ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Smith (1998) describes an 'increasingly targeted approach' to the development of ICT in the Western
Isles, which has enabled many new job opportunities, particularly in the area of tele–working. Smith
also highlights the importance of ICT opportunities as helping to retain some of the young people in
remote areas by providing skilled work, and also perhaps in encouraging young people who have
left to return to the Western Isles.
A teleworker is normally someone who is self–employed and possesses specific skills which are
utilised by distant businesses on a contract basis. Teleworking can be done both at home or from a
remote office, and offers new types of employment opportunities for remotely based rural
populations – such as those in the Western Isles. Although the disadvantages of teleworking are
often discussed – in the lack of a social environment in which to work, the lack of employee rights,
benefits and promotion prospects; in remote areas with high unemployment and under–employment,
it offers very real opportunities.
Furthermore, the advantages of teleworking are significant: flexible working hours, ability to work
from home, new opportunities to use skills and qualifications, and competitive incomes. Smith
(1998) also points out that "home based teleworkers have been found to be more productive than
their contemporaries in centrally located office environments, and more loyal

Purpose And Purpose Of Education
The education process is essential to the positive growth of our minds and our personalities.
Education serves as the exercise that our brains need to become fully functional. Marian Cleeves
Diamond writes, the nerve cells have more dendrites in college–educated people than in people with
only a high school education. In addition, education helps to form and grow our personalities. The
education process helps to give us the information and discipline that we need to shape our values
and morals. If the education process was out of the equation then students would have to fend for
themselves to learn these things. That can be a scary proposition depending on where they turn to.
Beyond the physical and moral benefits lies the fact that education also provides us with life skills.
Sewing, cooking, mathematics and team work are all examples of things that are needed to be
successful in life. John Dewey illustrates his philosophy on the purpose of education, to meet the
needs of the individuals and prepare people for life. (Gordon, 2003 p.33) Without education we
would not be prepared to go out into this world and be productive members of society.
Education to prepare for specific jobs
Another belief that I have is based on the purpose of Career and Technical Education as being there
to prepare people for specific jobs. It is essential for a student to get specific training and education
in their field of choice. The general degree requirements serve their purpose in

Civil Rights for the Disabled: The Rehabilitation Act of 1973
I. Identification and Overview of the Policy After years of discrimination, it looked as though people
with disabilities would finally fine justice. In 1968 a bill was proposed that would enable people
with disabilities to seek protection from the government. One would think that this bill would be
welcomed into our society, but the events that followed proved quite the contrary. It took five years,
three changes of administration and two presidential vetoes to pass the Rehabilitation Act. President
Richard Nixon signed the bill into law on September 26, 1973. This act was designed to protect the
rights of persons with disabilities. Proceeding the signing of the bill a federal campaign was
launched to eliminate discrimination ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Postal Service (Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Boston University, 1997). ll. Historical
Analysis The National Civilian Vocational Rehabilitation Act, also called the Smith Fess Act, was
developed in 1920. People with physical disabilities were targeted under this act and it was a
foundation for the vocational rehabilitation makeup that has lasted through today. During 1943 the
vocational rehabilitation act extended its services to those with mental retardation and mental
illness. This act was made to assist vocationally disabled civilians and disabled veterans by
providing funds through a federal–state matching formula (DiNitto, 2003). Federal and state
governments shared the cost of the vocational rehabilitation program on a fifty–fifty basis (DiNitto,
2003). The program was appealing from conservative and economic viewpoints because
rehabilitation is generally less costly than long–term care and income maintenance payments
(DiNitto, 2003). According to the Federal Government's Rehabilitation Services Administration, the
state VR agencies "assist persons served to become tax–paying citizens and to reduce their reliance
on entitlement programs." Today the federal government provides a majority of funding for VR
programs, but each state operates its own according to federal guidelines and also supplements
federal funding (DiNitto, 2003). Title I of

Why Did Lans Join Aseann
In 1990s, Laos agreed and joined AFTA in order to join ASEAN, but was given longer time frames
in which to meet AFTA's tariff reduction obligations [7]. AFTA, with its main goal, to increase
ASEAN's competitive edge as a production base in the world market through the elimination, within
ASEAN, of tariffs and non–tariff barriers; and to attract more foreign direct investment to ASEAN,
used the Common Effective Preferential Tariff (CEPT) scheme as the main mechanism, which
comprises a schedule for phasing out the tariffs. In June 1993, the two governments (Government of
the Lao People's Democratic Republic (the "GOL") and the Government of the Kingdom of
Thailand) have extended the MOU several times up to December 2007. From year 1998 ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 2002, Very Small Power Producer (VSPP) scheme had applied. In 2007, Thailand Adder Scheme
(Footnote 1). In 2008, Renewable Energy Development Plan (REDP) 2008–2022. In 2010, Thailand
Power Development Plan (PDP) 2010–2030 and Thailand Power Development Plan (PDP) 2010–
2030 – Revision 1. In 2011, Thailand Power Development Plan (PDP) 2010–2030 – Revision 2 and
Renewable Energy Development Plan (REDP) 2012–2021. Lastly in 2015, Thailand Power
Development Plan (PDP) 2015–2036, Thailand Smart Grid Roadmap 2015–2036 and Alternative
Energy Development Plan (AEDP) 2015–2036 [10]. Energy policies in Malaysia are controlled by
the government and the main source of energy in Malaysia based on oil. In 1970, Malaysia
government need to control the search another source such as coal or natural gas due to energy crisis
and. The oil becomes falling significantly and the government need to build more infrastructures to
increase energy source and deal with air pollution and climate change. To manage more demand in
electricity, National Electricity Board (NEB) was founded. Oil was discover at the Sarawak and
Peninsular Malaysia shore and founded the National Petroleum Policy with the objective to ensure
efficient, secure and environment sustainable supplies of energy and it was further improved over
the years. Malaysia founded PETRONAS and Tenaga Nasional

Human Resource Management (Hrm)
Human Resource Management (HRM) is now a term which is now widely used, yet loosely defined
(Guest, 1987). So, what is HRM? What does it mean and what is its focus? "The focus on HRM is
on managing people within the employer – employee relationship. Specifically it involves the
productive use of people in achieving the organisation's strategic business objectives and the
satisfaction of individual employees needs." (Stone, 1998) Derived from this and certain theories
addressed later in this research, HRM in the field of organisational behaviour engages a set of
policies designed to maximise organisational integration, employee commitment, flexibility and
quality of work. With this perspective, and rapidly changing trends, it is no ... Show more content on
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These mainly include cultural differences within the workforce, and differences in race, gender,
religion, etc. Although these heavily comply with legal aspects, it is recognisable that regardless of
this, there is still that responsibility of managers and employees alike to be 'ethically correct' which
may involve hiring a person of a certain race, despite their particular beliefs (Boxahh, 1991).
Furthermore, hiring someone that is suited for the job, with the qualifications to exceed levels
expected, even though they may have a wheelchair or a different colour skin. In the rapid movement
towards equal opportunity for all, this is an absolute must for firm's today, and the managers should
have open minds to all, as it may actually be more effective for the company hiring this person over
another. There is limited amount of information concerning the ethical practices of HRM, and it is
found that it is more a direct objective by the company, and the employees within that company that
determine what is 'ethically correct' (Armstrong, 1992). There are many functions within HRM that
may determine structures, morale and overall competitive advantage within the specific industry.
These include; HR planning, Job Analysis, Job Design, Recruitment, Selection Career Planning and
Training and Development.

Case Of Kpmg As A Public Traded Corporation
CASE OF KPMG AS A PUBLIC TRADED CORPORATION
Analyze the business–level strategies for the corporation you chose to determine the business– level
strategy you think is most important to the long–term success of the firm and whether or not you
judge this to be a good choice. Justify your opinion. KPMG is an audit, tax and advisory services
provider with offices in the U.S and numerous branches spread throughout the world. It is a global
network of independent member firms spanning 145 countries worldwide. According to KPMG
International Annual Review, (2012), it recently created a central international corporate citizenship
function that is meant to unite all the organization members worldwide with a common vision in
hope of setting pace ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Considering this case, a business level strategy that will benefit KPMG's activities in the long run is
the aspect of ensuring expansion of services. In as much as the firm operates in 145 nations, the
business environment is currently globalized and several business entities in both developing and
developed nations are in need of audit, tax and advisory consultancy services. In support of KPMG's
need to develop expansion of services it is important for the firm to identify and develop countries,
regions and cities as prospective locations for relocating or establishing new operations. The firm
also has efficient and adequate workforce who are highly talented and thus their knowledge can be
applied in support of expansion decisions (Boston College Center for Corporate Citizenship, 2012).
According to KPMG's Report (2014), for the past five years, there is a notable stable economic
growth despite the recent economic recession that was evident in several countries, especially the
developed nations. This is a basis in which we can build fundamental concerns that expansion of
services is a viable venture. Consistent growth of businesses despite low growth, low inflations and
competitive market environments, most nations are experiencing relative growth in their GDP. It

Introduction to Healthcare
Introduction to Healthcare
This essay will identify and examine the factors that have, and continue to, influence health care
policy and practices within the ever changing health service. It will particularly concentrate on the
changes in the National Health Service (NHS) within the last decade and the impact that this has had
on the Operating Department Practitioner profession.
The National Health Service (NHS) was launched on 5th July 1948 by Aneurin Bevan, the then
Minister of Health. Its 3 core principles were to meet the needs of everyone, to be free at the point of
delivery and be based upon clinical need and not the ability to pay. The services were to be
predominantly funded from general taxation. (NHS, 2011). The Porritt Report ... Show more content
This gave them sole responsibility for purchasing healthcare for their service users. Institutional care
was to be abolished with the introduction of community care. The Patients Charter (Great Britain.
Department of Health, 1991) focused on the service user being the consumer. It introduced their
rights and expectations and defined the standards of service they could expect. This was
subsequently updated in the Updated Patient Charter (Great Britain. Department of Health, 1995)
which included more specific standards. In July 1998 the strategy for reorganising and modernising
the NHS A First Class Service – Quality in the New NHS (Great Britain. Department of Health,
1998) was published. Its aim was to modernise the NHS ensuring delivery of high quality services
for all. Quality was to be maintained by setting standards through National Service Frameworks and
the forming of National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE). These standards were to be
monitored by the creation of the Commission for Health Improvement. This was to be an
independent statutory body which could scrutinise quality improvements at a local level and address
any serious issues identified. Spot checks can be carried out and clinical quality information is made
public. Additionally there was also the introduction of an annual national survey of patient and user
experience of the NHS. It stated that quality of service should not be dependent on geographic
location

Managing Diversity
Managing Diversity in The Public Sector: A case Study of a Small City Council; by Mark Steger
and Prof R. Erwee (20001)
Definitions of diversity range from distributive concerns based on the traditional categories of race,
ethnicity and gender to the addition of a vast array of differences in age, sexual orientation,
disability, employment status, tenure, function, educational background, lifestyle, religion, values
and beliefs in addition to race, ethnicity and gender. Diversity is a two–edged blade. Although on the
one hand it is brought about by differences in access to information, skills, abilities, values, beliefs
attitudes, personality, cognitive styles and manner styles also. To raise progress, development,
renewal and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
* Diversity enhances employee relations and reduces the cost of labour. * Diversity improves
workforce quality and performance in terms of diverse skills, creativity, problem–solving and
flexibility.
Diversity improves workforce quality and performance in terms of diverse skills, creativity,
problem–solving and flexibility. The effects of diversity on organisational outcomes, such as
performance, creativity, teamwork and problem–solving, are the areas that attract the interest of
researchers most of all. In fact, most of the diversity research focuses on these aspects, although the
findings suggest mixed and conflicting results.
Advocates of diversity management argue that an inclusive diversity climate increases the
performance and productivity level of employees through increased job satisfaction and
commitment (Morrison 1992). They also argue that diversity fosters adaptability to environmental
change and organisational flexibility and provides a competitive edge by doing so (Cox 1993, Cox
and Blake 1991, Fernandez 1991). Additionally, McEnrue (1993) found that embracing diversity
leads to decreased levels of frustration among supervisors who gain the skills to understand and
manage groups with diverse backgrounds. Similarly, at top management level, several studies

Dislocated Workers
Investigative Report
Should community colleges have free tuition for dislocated workers? A dislocated worker can be
defined as a person who suffered a job loss because the plant or company closed. According to the
Bureau of Labor and Statistics, " from January 2013 through December 2015, there were 3.2 million
workers displaced from jobs they held for at least three years" (1). Although sixty–one percent
found another job. Thirty–nine percent are now dislocated workers. Older people make up most of
the thirty–nine percent that can't find a job. The goal of free tuition is to find employment and
reduce poverty.
Several things have affected dislocated workers, according to Andrew Sum "research has found that
the longer–term unemployed in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Not all dislocated workers qualify for a Pell grant. Another option is, The Workforce Investment Act
that was first implemented in August 1998. The WIA program is intended to help dislocated workers
find work. While in the program, services such as resume writing, skills testing, and access to
employers seeking workers. They also provide a free year of community college to retrain the
participant in a new career. Several cuts have been made to the program and more funding is needed
for the WIA program. According to Randall Eberts and George Erickcek, "Most states and
workforce boards see the benefit of such training, states have had to reduce funding for programs
and relatively few federal funds are available to replace the lost state dollars". State funding is a key
to these unemployment services to work successfully. Many skeptics believe that the only way to
fund any assistance programs is to raise taxes. Getting tax increases to pass through the State and
Federal Government is very difficult and lengthy

Macro and Micro Political Risk
Compare and contrast macro political risk with micro political risk. Discuss policies to combat their
impacts on international business activities.
Strategic planning is essential prior to any individual or company deciding to engage in international
business whether as direct/indirect investment or through trade. An evaluation of risks should be
considered and strategies developed accordingly prior to any potential investment in a foreign
country. One such risk which requires consideration is political risk i.e. "governmental or societal
actions and policies, originating either within or outside the host country, and negatively affecting
either a select group of, or the majority of, foreign business operations and investments." ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Protectionism by way of the price mechanisms such as tariffs, subsides, quotas, export licences and
import duties (Rugman, 2009) are just some of the measures which can seriously impact on a
foreign company. For example the American steel industry was afforded protection under the Bush
administration when large tariffs were imposed on foreign steel imports in order to safeguard the
jobs of the national steel workers (Mankiw and Taylor, 2008).
A firm's operating costs can also be increased by changes in legislation which can lead them to seek
cheaper alternatives elsewhere. For example labour laws will need to be thoroughly scrutinized.
Increases in the minimum wage in the UK has contributed to UK firms looking to exploit cheap
labour whereby in 2003 companies such as BT took the decision to shift all of their call centres to
India (www.bbc.co.uk/news). Another such protection is foreign ownership laws e.g. the Australian
"Broadcasting Services Act 1992" does not allow any more than 20% foreign ownership of a
broadcasting firm (www.austlii.edu.au). Taxation of foreign firms is also another cost to consider.
As previously identified, there are also "non–legal/extra–governmental" political risks which could
bring unexpected upheaval to foreign firms. Macro political risks such as the threat of violence,
corruption, war or military coup, political instability and terrorism are all direct threats to foreign
investors.

What Should Cynthia Mitchell Do?
The following sections will help to generate alternative solutions to discuss what Cynthia should do
regarding Steve's case, whether it is ever right to discriminate against individuals for their own
goods, and whether it is a manager's obligation sometimes to violate against their personal ethics to
make decisions.
What Should Cynthia Mitchell Do? In other words, should she terminate Steve? Should she have
placed him in this position to begin with? (Humphreys, 2009.) First of all, Steve's performances
steadily declined for an obvious reason that a majority of customers who refused to work with an
African–American representative. Apparently, the customers exhibited racial preferences when they
preferred to work with people of their own races. Under the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity
Commission (EEOC), any employment decisions which are based on the discriminatory and racial
preferences from the customers or workers are seen as unlawful. Likewise, the decision from
Cynthia's upper manager, Frank Romans, who preferred not to hire Steve because it might "against"
the clients' expectations. While he might not deliberately discriminate against Steve, without
knowing, his actions would more likely to contribute to the act of discrimination and racial
preferences. This is true in AgFunds and most American corporates that when a workforce whose
accounts for a majority of white, they still implicitly prefer not to hire minorities or non–white
workers because of their preferred

Workforce Investment Act 1998 Summary
SUMMARY OF LEGISLATION (5 points): The Workforce Investment Act 1998, was a
continuation of The Job Training and Partnership Act of 1982. The law was designed to create
programs that would provide assistance to and train individuals for employment. This act enhanced
the components of previous regulations such as funding, populations, liability, delivery of systems,
structure and labor market information (Department of Labor Workforce Programs, 2015).The
purpose off the act was for the betterment of the nation and to help individuals develop job skills. A
chance for those who never finish school or attended college. Businesses and program proposers
collaborated to develop goals that would meet the needs of the clients in which the program would

Perkins Iv Evaluation Proposal . . Lynn University....
Perkins IV Evaluation Proposal
Lynn University
Christopher L. Gilchrist
Purpose
The purpose of this evaluation to be completed over the course of 4 year with interim reports is to
evaluate the progress of CTE programs since the implementation of The Carl D. Perkins Career and
Technical Education Improvement ACT of 2006 (Perkins IV). The current workforce is changing
what it means for students to be prepared in career and technical education (CTE). There is also
another change when it comes to CTE programs. The populations of students that are involved in
CTE programs are also shifting. In the past secondary occupational courses were viewed as courses
for those students that were without strong academic orientation. Recent data ... Show more content
The reauthorization of the Perkins Act replaced vocational education with career and technical
education. CTE programs are defined by the Perkins ACT as a sequence of courses that provide
students with rigorous and coherent content that is aligned with rigorous academic standards and
relevant technical skills and knowledge to prepare students for further education in emerging and
current professions. CTE programs should include competency–based applied learning that learning
that enhances the academic knowledge, problem solving–skills, and employability skills. Many
businesses have indicated that they believe that half of high school students are equipped with the
most important workplace skills, critical thinking, problem–solving, and written and oral
communication. A student that is work ready possesses the specific skills for a specific job that is
described in the occupation description profile. The economy of today demands a workforce that is
better educated because jobs in today 's economy require students to possess more complex skills
and knowledge than those jobs of the past. The Perkins IV Act supports the development of career,
technical, and academic skills among both secondary education and post secondary education
students. The objective of the 2006 reauthorization was to prepare students for high–skill, high–
waged, and high–demand occupations in the United States current and emerging professions. The

American Needs More Government Jobs Programs Essay
According to Livermore (2008), people who are actively looking for work but are not currently in a
contractual arrangement are considered unemployed. Since the recession in 2007, unemployment
has been an ongoing problem in America. Many companies were laying off thousands of employees
because they could not pay them. As of September 2011, the South and the West has the highest
concentration of unemployment. Nevada has the highest jobless rate, 13.4%, followed by California
with 12.1% (Cooper, 2011). The collapse of the housing bubble left Nevada with high rates of
unemployment. South Carolina's unemployment rate is 11.1% and is the fourth highest in the nation
(Cooper, 2011). Most people had a hard time finding work because they ... Show more content on
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Individuals with fewer skills were left out of the job training loop. People who did receive training
graduated to less skilled jobs which left them with fewer opportunities for advancement.
The Workforce Investment Act was approved on July 30–31, 1998 by the Senate and House. It
became a law on August 7, 1998. This bill repealed the Job Training Partnership Act. It changed
federal statutes governing job training programs, adult education and literacy, and vocational
rehabilitation (Department of Employment Services, n.d.). There are several goals for the Workforce
Investment Act: it codifies the one–stop career center system approach; established performance
accountability; it provided coordinated, customer friendly, workforce development; it provide
individual choice through the use of individual training; it recognized labor market information; and
established and reinforced comprehensive employment statistics program (Department of
Employment Services, n.d.). Codify means to organize into a code or system (Webster's Online
Dictionary, 2011).
According to the U.S. Department of Labor (2011), a one stop center provides assistance to job
seekers under one roof. Core services required for one stops are intake and orientation; assessment
of skills; job search, placement, and counseling; labor market information; performance and
program information about eligible training providers; local area performance information;

Free Trade: America Should NOT Protect Industries from...
Free Trade: America Should NOT Protect Industries from Foreign Competition
Many politicians oppose free international trade, trade without any restrictions, for a couple of
reasons. From their point of view it would affect the United States in several ways:
1. Many USA workers would lose their jobs because factories would be moved to the country with
whom the U.S. has a Free Trade Agreement, and where working force is much cheaper.
2. Importing foreign goods and services without tariff into the United States makes it harder for
domestic industries to compete with lower prices and better quality of foreign competition.
3. Some politicians feel that it is not the right decision to have ... Show more content on
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The United States' strong economic performance is due in part by trade and investment
liberalization resulting from the Uruguay Agreement and the North America Free Trade Agreement
(NAFTA). The openness and freedom of the economy has contributed to improving the
competitiveness of the U.S. producers, creating more and better paid jobs, which in turn raised labor
standards and reduced poverty. At the end of 1998 the unemployment rate fell to 4.5% and consumer
price inflation to 1.6%, which is the lowest level since the 1960. This outstanding macroeconomic
performance has been greatly followed by a large and growing current account deficit, which in
1998 reached a record level of $223 billion (2.7% of GDP). The trade deficit has enabled the U.S.
economy to keep up with its strong rate of growth.
Open economy brings imports, which are often at a lower price, and they help to satisfy domestic
demand. They have also contributed to lower domestic prices and wider choice for the U.S.
consumers. The U.S. producers have benefited from lower costs and wider choice of input, too. It
increased their competitiveness, resulting in more jobs and higher wages. Imports have helped with
inflation pressure that might otherwise have emerged as a result of the very strong growth of
domestic demand and low unemployment rate, thereby supporting low market interest rates.
An additional source of funds for

1963 Report Of The President's Commission On The Status Of...
The 1963 report of the President's Commission on the Status of Women states: "The difference in
occupational distribution of men and women is largely responsible for the fact that in 1961, the
earnings of women working full time averaged only about 60 percent of those of men working full
time." The formal barriers that characterized much of the labor market for women in the 1960s have
long gone. Colleges and universities are no longer sanctioned to artificially restrict women's ingress
to edifying programs, Ebony women are as entitled to access to edification and jobs as White
women, and the days when employers were able to openly advertise a job just for women, or just for
men, are a distant recollection. Women are astronauts, Supreme Court

Equality and Diversity Essay
Inequality exists, even in societies without formal stratification (Parsons, 1970). Whilst complete
societal equality may be unattainable, Equal Opportunities (EO) policies aim to 'reduce the gap'.
Inequality takes different forms and there is much theoretical debate regarding which grouping
variables, such as gender or age, are important. There exist three key notions of 'equality of
opportunity': formal, liberal and radical. The former two are minimalist concepts, concerned
principally with equality of opportunity – the 'beginning' of the process. Conversely, the radical
perspective, a maximalist concept, is more concerned with outcome. This paper outlines these three
approaches, evaluates their successes and considers whether ... Show more content on
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For Johns and Green (2009), simply to address individual, direct forms of discrimination is
insufficient; only two forms of EO can be aimed at institutional discrimination – radical (which they
do not support) or liberal.
The liberal notion, incorporating elements of formal EO, defines equality as 'equality of fair
opportunity' (Rawls, 1999), with the fundamental aim that individuals possessing equal talents and
ambitions should also have equal prospects. The model recognises that the effects of past
discrimination are likely to impact negatively on current equality of opportunity and the impact of
institutional discrimination. Here, whilst merit–based recruitment may be applied, some individuals
may not have had the same opportunities as a result of such group characteristics as gender or
ethnicity. Although this model, sometimes known as 'prospect–regarding equal opportunities'
formed part of the legislation of the early 1970s, it was seldom used (Iganski and Mason, 2003). A
need to employ policies to reduce gaps in income, educational attainment, wealth and health was
recognised and addressed by such legislation as the Equal Pay Act, 1970, Sex Discrimination Act
1975 and Race Relations Act 1976 (superceded by the Equality Act 2010). Liberal notions of
equality became the preferred option of New Labour following the Macpherson Report. For
Edwards and Batley (1978), it can be used in two different ways. It can

The Impact Of Mission, Vision And Stakeholders
Impact of Mission, Vision and Stakeholders The publicly traded company of choice is McDonald's
Corporation that falls in the food industry; it is an international leader in the fast food sector. The
franchise is the world's largest fast food entity a factor that serves it competitively in the market
against other players in the same industry. The corporation serves nearly forty seven million
customers worldwide on a daily basis with its primary focus being the sale of the hamburgers, soft
drinks, chicken products, salads, French fries, milkshakes, cheeseburgers, desserts, wrap, breakfast
items and fruits. The mission statement, vision statement and stakeholders for McDonald's play a
critical role in the company's success in many ways as well discussed in the paper, but before going
into finer details it is important that we have an understanding of what these three elements means
as far as business operation is concerned. According to Abrahams (1999), a mission statement is the
main reason as to why an organization or company exists given it is a guide to the decision–making
and the establishment of the organizational activities. Therefore, the mission statement plays a
critical role towards the growth and prosperity of the organization. There are three major
components of the mission statement namely vision, mission and core values all of which are critical
in the lighting of the business, thus helping it stay in the market competition (Abrahams, 1999).
Given the

History Of Career Technical Education

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