The document provides a table of contents and vocabulary list for Spanish grammar topics including verb conjugations, indirect object pronouns, reflexive verbs, superlatives, and sequencing words. It includes examples and explanations of concepts like using para to indicate recipients, attaching pronouns, forming superlatives, and giving affirmative and negative commands.

2. Table of Contents
1. Nacionalidades
2. Stem Changers
3. Para
4. IOP
5. Pronoun Placement
6. Gustar
7. Affirmative and Negative Words
8. Superlatives
9. Reflexive
10. Affirmative to commands
11. Negative to commands
12. Sequencing events

4. Duermo Dormimos Juego Jugamos
Duermes Dormis Juegas Jugais
Duerme Duermen Juega Juegan
Pido Pedimos Pienso Pensamos
Pides Pedis Piensas Pensais
Pide Piden Piensa Piensan

5. • Use para (for, in order to) to
indiciate the recipient of items.
• EX) El regalo para tu mama.
• EX) Vamos al restaurante para
comer.
• EX) Tengo dinero para algo.

6. SINGULAR PLURAL
Me Nos
Te • Indirect object
pronouns are nouns
Os
Le that tell to
whom/what or for Les
whom/what.
• The pronouns le and les can refer to different indirect objects. To clarify
what they mean, they are often accompanied by: a + name, noun, or
pronoun. When the pronoun accompanies a conjugated verb, the
pronoun comes before the verb.
EX) Rosa le compra una olla a su madre.
• When the pronoun accompanies a sentence with an infinitive, it can
either go before the conjugated verb or be attached to the end of the
infinitive.
EX) Rosa quiere comprarle una olla a su madre.

7. 1. Attach the pronoun to the infinitive
2. Attach the pronoun to a progressive
tense
3. Attach the pronoun to an affirmative
command
4. Attach the pronoun before a
conjugated verb

8. GUSTAR SINGULAR
Me gusta Nos gusta
Te gusta Os gusta
Le gusta Les gusta
GUSTAR PLURAL
Me gustan Nos gustan
Te gustan Os gustan
Le gustan Les gustan

9. Affirmative and Negative Words
Affirmative Words Negative Words
• Algo (something) • Nada (nothing)
• Nadie (no one)
• Algúien (someone)
• Nigún/ninguno (none, not
• Algun/Alguno (some) any)
• Siempre (always) • Nunca (never)
• También (also) • Tampoco (neither, either)
Alguno and ninguno must match the gender of the noun they replace.
If a verb is proceded by no, words that follow must be negative.
If a negative word, such as nunca or nadie, comes before the verb, a second
negative is not needed.

10. Los Superlativos
• -ísimo, -ísimos, -ísima, -ísimas… (added to adj and adv.
• = to extremely or very
• Malo>Malísimo
• Muchas>Muchísimas
• Dificíl>Dificílísimo.
• Adj + adv ending in c, g, or z change spelling to qu, gu, and c respectively.
• Rico>Riquísimo
• Larga>larguísima
• Adj that end in –n or –r form by adding –císimo/a
• Joven>Jovencísimo
• Trabajador>Trabajadorcísimo

11. Reflexive Verbs
• Describes people doing things for themselves.
Me Nos
Te Os
Se Se
Lavarse Bañarse
Me lavo Nos lavamos Me baño Nos Bañamos
Te lavas Te Bañas
Se lava Se lavan Se Baña Se bañan
EXAMPLES:
Quiero levantarme temprano.
Me quiero levantar temprano.

12. Affirmative tú commands
• Give instructions or commands.
• Drop “s”
• Di, haz, ve, pon, sal, sé, ten, ven
• ¡Camina!
• ¡Come!
• ¡Abre!

13. Negative tú commands
• Put in yo form, change vowel, add
“s”
• ar>e
• er, ir>e
• Dar, Decir, Ir, Ser, Hacer, Estar,
Saber, Tener, Venir
• No estés triste.
• No vayas a la tienda.

14. Sequencing Events
Primero: First
When a noun or an infinitive follows
Entonces : Then, So Antes or después, use the
preposition de.
Luego : Later Example:¿Qué haces después de
las clases y antes de cenar?
Por Fin: Finally
Antes : Before
Después: After, Afterward