The Cultural Values Of An Organization

The Cultural Values Of An Organization
The Underlying Cultural Values of an Organization Brian C. Satterlee (2014) discuss, "Culture is the set of shared attitudes, values goals, and
practices that characterized a society, or in the business sense, an organization" (p.42). The definition of Cultural values in the Cultural values
Business Dictionary (2015) lists, Cultural values are commonly held standards of what is either acceptable, unacceptable or the opposite of both. Also,
an organization can be described as a group of people that interact with each other to "perform essential functions that help attain goals" (Daft, 2013, p.
12). Combine these three underlying concepts combine the cultural values of an organization. The Cultural Values of an Organization The cultural
values of an organization are conjoined with the shared attitudes, values goals of an individual or an organization with the same mission and/or
business (Satterlee, 2014). Organizations may offer a product or item, but the merchandise is not what necessarily keep the outsider returning. The
value an outsider is intrigued with is the symbol, the shared attitude, and value goals offered. As a result, the outsider recognizes the symbols
presented, which is comparable to what the insider saw. For example, Steve Jobs is not experienced with the apple product, Steve Jobs is the apple
product. The apple product concept was incardinated inside Mr. Jobs and was shared with the world. Subsequently, insiders recognized and accepted
the commonly held
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Chinese Cultural Values
Introduction
Cultural values are the core principles and ideals upon which societies exist. Those values reflect several parts of a community, including customs,
traditions, rituals, and religious beliefs among others. Cultural values are passed along from one generation to another and define the way of our
everyday life. With the increase in globalization, it is important to understand cross–cultural values, and as parents or educators who are involved in the
process of raising the next generation to understand some cross–cultural values and guide the children to appreciate the diverse environment that
surrounds them in class, in playgrounds, or even in families.
This literature review will focus on the Chinese/western values and how they play into everyday life such as academic performance and social
interactions, with a holistic view of parent's expectation on siblings, parent and teacher involvement in childrearing, the meaning of good boy or good
girl cross–culturally, and compare the difference in early childhood and primary school age years.
Differences between Chinese and American/western Cultures.
The difference between Chinese and American cultures are striking, with the core difference in the very way of parenting style. Chinese cultures are
known for their authoritarian parenting with absolute obedience being expected from the children, whereas American parents lean more to the
permissive parenting style by firmly requesting certain behavior from their

Hofstede 's Dimensions Of Cultural Values
Essay
Introduction
The concept of cultural intelligence and its applications in management has become a pivotal business issue, especially in the context of cross–cultural
management. Therefore, it is imperative for executives to understand the science behind it, which is culture itself. This essay will explore various
cultural frameworks with a focus on Hofstede's Dimensions of Cultural Values, and also conduct a further analysis through a comparison of my cultural
scores with that of my own country. Furthermore, a cross–cultural business situation will be evaluated to apply the coherent frameworks to solve the
possible issues arising from differences in culture.
Discussion of cultural frameworks
In the field of cross–cultural studies, Geert Hofstede's Dimensions of Cultural Values framework is widely recognised and greatly employed in cultural
assessment (Bing 2004, Michael and College 1997). Using data extracted from the IBM international workforce in the 1960s, he identified four
dimensions of culture (power distance (PD), uncertainty avoidance (UA), individualism/collectivism and masculinity/femininity) and later included the
dimension of short–term orientation (STO) /long–term orientation (LTO) into the mix (Magnusson, Wilson, Zdravkovic, Zhou and Westjohn 2008).
According to Hofstede (1993), by evaluating these dimensions, one would be able to determine a nation's culture and act accordingly to the results.
On the outset, this approach seems relatively

Cultural Values And Cultural Value Orientations
As we become immersed in our own culture, it can be challenging to grasp the difference in cultural pattern taxonomies orientations of other cultures.
Cultural pattern taxonomies has been defined in the textbook, Communication between Cultures, "as the dominant beliefs and values of a culture."
Cultural value orientation varies among cultures and ultimately affects the way we communicate interpersonally.
To better understand the differences as well as the similarities in cultural value orientations, Geert Hofstede's Values Dimensions have broken down the
concept of diverse cultural patterns that explains perceptual and communication differences using 6 categories: individualism/collectivism, uncertainty
avoidance, power distance, masculinity/ femininity, long–term/short–term orientation, and indulgence/ restraint. The purpose of this analysis is to
compare the affect on intercultural communications using the cultural value orientations of New Zealanders and the culture that I identify with, the U.S.
American culture.
The first of Hofstede's dimensions deals with power distance. Hofstede's description of power distance is the degree in which less–superior members
of an organization within a country tolerate the unequal distribution of power, for instance, between managerial roles in a company and the employees.
New Zealand has a score of 22 in this dimension, which is considered very low. A very low score depicts that equality is a predominant cultural value
within the

Cultural Values
Each person develops in some type of culture. It is the environment that we live in that determines what we learn, how we learn it, and the rules for
living with others. My family and I are Peruvian. That would make me Hispanic in the United States. My origins are straight from Peru. I came to the
United States when I was 12 years old, so my beliefs and traditions haven't changed from when I was still in Peru. There are rules that are transmitted
from one generation to the next and are often adapted to the times and locations, and these rules are absorbed by children as we develop and learn
about home country traditions, customs and beliefs. These customs will still follow us throughout your life. Although a person can be broken down into
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I knew everything was going to change. But it was then when I came to know my culture values. It took perhaps the combination of being in another,
foreign culture and being away from my own to make clear to me the impact of culture on my life. I began to know the value of Familismo. I started
to value more than before the close relationship I had with my relatives. I even realized that being a country that gives many opportunities could allow
me and my family to aid my members of the family experiencing financial problems, unemployment, or other issues.
When I came to the United States I also came to put in practice the value of Simpatia ("kindness") as well as the value of Respeto. I was taught to
value respect, and be kind to others. For example when my parents, elders or other relatives need care I am responsible to care for them as just as
they took care of me in my earliest stages of life. I was taught to never answer back to not only elders, but to anyone who's older than I. I had the
privilege of having experienced both Hispanic and American cultures; however growing up with mainly Hispanic culture values has shaped me to be
the person I am today.
Once my family and I were living here, one of the cultural values that we put in practice within my family was the eating habits. While I lived in
Peru, it was customary for my dad to come home from work for about two hours to be together for lunch. But once we settled in

Greek Cultural Values
What role have social and cultural values and ideas played in shaping artistic expression from the Greeks to modern civilization?
Social and cultural values and ideas played a critical role from the Greeks to modern civilization. Today, I will discuss how social and cultural values
played a critical role from the Greeks to modern society. The legacy of Greek culture is significant and continues to influence our culture today. The
Greeks introduced our modern civilization to numerous ideas and values. Some of them include detail to sculptures, patterns on pottery, and the
introduction to materials that we still use today. Greek art, literature, music, and political thought are other ideas and values we inherited from the
Greeks continue to influence us today.
Amongst the many influences of Greece was Greek art. The idea of "beauty" was originated in Greece and is still used today. During the classical era
artists made significant innovations–that went beyond the traditional styles. Majority of our modern artistic expressions today was heavily influenced
by the Greeks. The Greeks had great interest in scientific specifications. Which helped develop their accurate proportions when making their
sculptures. One of the ideas and values we learned from the Greeks that is still used today are beauty in the human form along with accurate
proportions. Greek artists were focused on making the human body as real as possible. The Greeks obsession with the human body was a great

The Cultural Value Model Of Japan And Japan
The cultural value model that is being used in this outline is Hofstede's Model. Although Japan and America have quite a few economic and
technologic similarities, they contrast in many ways. The biggest difference between these two countries is Individualism vs. Collectivism. Hofstede
himself finds that both of these cultures differ significantly on most these diminesions (Shah).
PART 1: Compare and Contrast Cultural Values
Power Distance
Power distance in cultures refers to the way that power is distributed between people. It can be measured by the extent of how individuals within that
culture accept who has power and who doesn't. In places with a lower power distance, individuals act equal regardless of their formal positions.
Japan places much more emphasis on power distance in their culture than America does. This is because it's a lot more hierarchical. While some
individuals in America lack respect for those in higher positions, this is simply not tolerated in Japan. For example, direct eye contract when speaking
to someone who has more authority is frowned upon in Japan. The differences in power distance between these two cultures was clear from the movie
as every Japanese person knew their role and what was expected from them. The Americans working in the factory were more selfish and disrespectful
towards management. Insubordination is not tolerated in Japan like it is in America.
Uncertainty Avoidance
Uncertainty avoidance is known as a society's tolerance and

The Importance Of Cultural Values
Perception is the process of selecting cues from the environment, organizing these cues into some coherent pattern, and interpreting the pattern. It's
related to intercultural communication because perception is the process whereby people convert external events and experiences into meaningful
internal understanding. Values are shared ideas about what is right/true and beautiful. They help us understandculture by guiding behavior in society
and shaping the social norms in a given culture.
2.Discuss four American values. How do we know they are values – give examples?
Four American values (from the Kohl's model) are change, time & its control, future orientation, and materialism/acquisitiveness. Change is always
occurring in America, such as healthcare and technology. Time has a huge control over Americans. We are all (mostly) time oriented, with busy day to
day lives. Americans tend be future oriented– always making goals and planning their future. Materialism is seen in many Americans, as well as those
who are as I like to call "money hungry." The search for more things, and money are how many live. We know they are values because they are shared
ideas that are perceived as being right or true.
3.Describe Kohls' Value Orientation– the study and the findings about cultural differences (be thorough).
Kohls spend much of his life working to improve cross–cultural understanding. He conducted workshops in the

Cultural Diversity : Cultural Values, Globe, Huntington...
1.Introduction
Globalization has blurred the boundaries between countries which forces the companies to compete internationally. In order to cope with the global
market, international companies now require leaders who can work effectively across organizational, functional and cross cultural boundaries (Evans,
Pucik & Barsoux, 2011). The need of those global leaders indicates the urgency of understanding cross cultural diversity.
However, the complexity in cultural diversity can be overwhelming. Some studies have been conducted in this area including Hofstede's cultural
values, GLOBE, Huntington model and Hall's cultural framework. This literature review is aimed to compare and contrast the studies above and which
study is the most ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1987, a group called Chinese Culture Connection conducted a further study of Hofstede's model and created the fifth dimensions called short term–
long term which refers to the focus of the society to future (Orr & Hauser, 2008). It is used to measure how much efforts people put to reach short
term goals or long term goals.
3.How it relates to Human Resources Management
To be able to cope with complex challenges in global competition nowadays, human resources management has to be able to work with cross cultural
management, leadership, organizational cultures, and others (Evans, Pucik & Barsoux, 2011, p.34).
The study of Hofstede help understand diversity across cultures which result to better understanding of leadership type in different countries. This is
very helpful, especially for companies who have to deal with expatriates. There is a high risk of sending expatriates abroad due to cultural variances. It
is supported by Evans et al that the capabilities of the expatriates to adapt to local cultures significantly determine the success of the expatriates (2011).
By understanding the cultural differences, it will help expatriates lead the foreign teams effectively.
Another research by Munley added that Hofstede conducted a further study in leadership and cultures (2011). Hofstede concludes that the values and
beliefs

Cultural Value: Culture, Values And Value Of Culture
4.2Cultural Value
Culture has many definitions. Culture is a wholly system of a living direction, including language, communication, beliefs, religion, values, expected
behaviours, and living patterns and practices relayed by societal members (). Similarly, Ghauri and Cateora, (2010) believed that culture is entire part of
life patterned to a members of society. Technically, societal groups of people acquire their own surroundings and circumstances as an adaption to
physical environment, and they contemporarily pass up and cultivate their practices, customs, traditions and values from generation to generation
(Harris and Moran, 1979). According to Ayoko and Hartel, (2006) mentioned that all group of individuals has culture and culture generally... Show
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The predisposition of personality and group behaviour are acquired by the values. Values are transmitted by interactions thru oral or the written. Due to
values are learnt, they can be changed and learnt anew. However, values in society could be diluted if members in society do not agree of normative
values in culture. Likewise, each member in group might have different in personal value and individuals might extract some elements valuable to them
from their other subcultures they belong to which bring out to cultural value reduction. Whenever individuals have different values the outcomes,
goals, behaviours, cultures may be different. In contrast, some researchers believe values are difficult to change and alter. They are relatively enduring
since they are grounded in the culture heritage of society and housed within society. Cultural values are inevitably perceived within members of group
however they are not necessarily known by other society. In assemblage of values individuals might have particular values which contradict with
cultural values of group. Those different values will often be ignored and excluded in group. Therefore, values strive for consistency. In short, cultural
values are learned, enduring, emotionally charged and represented moral that assist individuals and groups in judgments, decision making and
preparing individuals and groups to select out the desirable actions and

Cultural Values Of Athens
ATHENS IS THE PLACE TO BE!! Athens is an independent city state in ancient greece that has many cultural values. Athens was formed of the
Mycenaeans. The citystate of Athens is independent because seas and mountains separate it from the other city states in ancient greece. Athens is a
well rounded city state that supports educations, military involvement, and government. . To begin with, Athenseducation was extremely important.
Only boy citizens attended private schools and would learn about poetry, literature, math, and science from ages 6–17.This was needed in order to
become a citizen and carry out duties. As stated "the ability to read and write was important to all Athenian people–, reading and writing was needed in
order to be a citizen, and carry out their duty.." (Document A). This quote explains that the citystate of Athens felt that it was essential for men to be
educated in order to be an important citizen within their culture. Also, as part as the Athenian boys took part in sports. Athenians believed that it was
important to not only study subjects but also to have physical activity in order to have men with strong minds and bodies. Additionally girls did not
receive the formal education that the boys got, they were educated at home by their mothers. Because women were not apart of the government in
Athens, they were simply taught household duties. Only if they were part of a wealthy family they learned to read and write.
Another cultural value

Cultural Values In Disney World
2.Cultural enterprise pursues cultural values more than economic values.
"To value something is to have a complex of positive attitudes toward it, governed by distinct standards for perception, emotion, deliberation, desire,
and conduct" (Anderson, 1993, p. 2).
Anderson, Elizabeth. 1993. Valuein Ethics and Economics. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. It is an equation for normal enterprise in normal
economic context based on material goods and service.
What values take up a significant portion of the value sphere is economic. Usually, these values refer to the prices of things, or their exchange
value. Economic values can take all kinds of forms and expressions. The GDP (gross domestic product) is a measure of the flow of economic values
that a national economy generates. The economic value of a cultural good is what people are willing to pay for it. The economic value of knowledge
is the income that can be earned by applying it. "profit," "wealth," "income," "economic growth," and so on.
Cultural values, I propose, are those that evoke qualities above and beyond the economic and the social. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Every successful enterprise begins with an action plan. In Disney world, it not only has creative and artistic in production team, but also having
excellence cast. In fact, the business language using word "employees" to describe the working people in all process, however, Disney uses "cast
members" in their teams. According to Bryan Tabler, Disney Institute facilitator emphasize the importance of the communication, "the word 'no' shuts
down hopes "leaders must use positive language such as "yes if..."and "yes and ..."if they want to foster a collaborative culture." In addition, in order
to foster an engaged and collaborative enterprise culture, the leader must encourage the creativity of his/her employees and create an environment in
which it is safe and comfortable for them to share those ideas. (Caitlyn Coverly,

Cultural Values In Anglo-Saxon Poetry
What kinds of cultural values would have contributed to the Anglo–Saxon Poetry? The value of valor contributes to the Anglo–Saxon poetry and is in
Beowulf. Unselfishness also contributes to the culture and shows in the story of "The Seafarer". The value of justice in "The Wanderer" contributes to
the poetic characteristics also. These values all contribute to the Anglo–Saxon culture and show how writers back then have a basis to follow for poetic
aspects. The value of valor shows mostly in Beowulf and it contributes to Anglo Saxon poetic culture. Beowulf believes in valor which is right and
keeps to the code they follow. He does not use weapons during the fight against Grendel, which is a part of the aspects of valor in the culture. He
uses a sword and shield against the dragon, because there was not a code to follow unlike the fight against Grendel, but they prove to be useless in
the fight anyway. Beowulf shows valor through fighting the monsters because he needs to be brave against the enemies to be able to express his
valiance for what is right. He is strong against Grendel during the battle and uses his hands to rip the arm from the body of the monster. During the
battle against the dragon, he is not strong enough to take it on himself, but the valor he shows, by trying his best in the battle brings friends of his to
help him defeat it. He keeps his valor strong with the people by defeating the monsters he wants to defeat when he first arrives. No matter the
withdrawal

Cultural Dimensions : A Comprehensive Study On How Culture...
Cultural Dimensions – Geert Hofstede Geert Hofstede conducted a comprehensive study on how culture influences values at workplace. "Geert
Hofstede 's research gives us insights into other cultures so that we can be more effective when interacting with people in other countries. If understood
and applied properly, this information should reduce your level of frustration, anxiety, and concern. But most important, Geert Hofstede will give you
the 'edge of understanding ' which translates to more successful results." (Hofstede G. , http://www.geert–hofstede.com, 2001) Below are the five
cultural dimensions examined by Hofstede: Power distance (PDI), which has to do with the acceptance of a hierarchical or unequal power structure....
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He states that culture can be divided into high–context or low–context culture. In high context culture there is very less and effective communication.
Most of the things are left unsaid as people understand through very few spoken words. Communication is faster and easier where else it lower context
cultures words and choice of words to be spoken are carefully selected. In high context cultures rules are unwritten and mostly understood. People read
between lines during a conversation. For e.g. French contracts are shorter than American contracts. France has high–context culture and America has
low–context culture. High–context culture have inner locus of control and accept personally accept failure. They have stronger bonds with family and
groups. Classification on inner & outer group is easily seen. Relationships are more important and valued. They are more important than any task. Time
is open and flexible. In low–context culture its exactly the opposite. High–context cultures are said to be deeper rooted and put their emphasis on
context, indirectness, flexibility, relationship/feelings, circumstances, appearance, and they seem to follow a polychronic time perspective. Individuals
are not lazy, they believe in

Cultural Values Of Bangladesh
Introduction
This report will discuss the cultural values of Bangladesh. The main purpose is putting the Geert Hofstede's dimensions of culture into practice. The
researcher chose Bangladesh due to the following reason. Recently, I have worked with the Red Cross refugee program. We have a volunteer who
used to be a refugee from Bangladesh. After a difficult time setting up her life, Habiba, now, enjoys her life in NZ and would like to help other
refugees. Her story inspired me to do the study about Bangladesh culture.
Discussion and Analysis
The five cultural dimensions of Bangladesh will be discussed in this report. Each dimension includes three questions. The researcher recorded the
answers of the volunteer and analysed them in order to evaluate the cultural values of Bangladesh. These results are compared with Hofstede's theory to
have a true and fair view about this culture.
1.Individualism vs Collectivism
This dimension determines the culture in the term of "I" or "we". Individualism prefers to the society in which individuals only take care of themselves
and their immediate family. In contrast, collectivism prefers to the the society in which people integrate and share good relationships in groups, and
expect the unquestioning loyalty. (Hofstede, 1991). The three questions related to this dimension are:
Question 1: In your culture, do people have many generations (grandparents, parents and children) living under one roof?
Answer: Yes, we have many families with

Cultural Values
Cultural values, personal ethics, and morality are all topics that usually have a different meaning for every individual. My personal ethics, morality,
and cultural values have developed throughout the many life lessons that I have learned in my 29 years of life. I can still remember a specific
Saturday afternoon at my grandparents' house. I was sitting on my grandpa's lap watching the Dodger game. In between innings my grandfather asked
me the question, "Aaron it is time you learn about values and ethics. I want you to grow up to be an upstanding citizen and not a society reject." While
at that moment I was a little unsure of what my grandfather was talking about, over the next few years it was moments like those that I began to ... Show
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The basic things like, do not steal, do not commit murder, love your enemy, do not commit adultery, and many other lessons, were a result of the
lessons I learned as a Christian. These values are especially applied in my personal and family life. However, they do carry over into my business
practices as well. I also try to set a very good example to my employees. I try to practice what I preach to the best of my abilities. Though I am not
perfect, I feel that my employees have a firm grasp on the ethical and moral values that I as a boss require of them. I know that in the business
world if I cheat and steal that at first it might be a quick way to make a few extra bucks; however, in the long run what goes around comes around.
There is the old saying that cheaters never prosper. I definitely believe in that saying whole–heartedly. The lessons I have learned from reading the
bible have definitely helped me develop a strong sense of ethics and morals. Another source of my ethical values would be from my educational
career. Whether it be from elementary school, high school, or college, there were always lessons ofmorality, ethics, and good values to be learned.
However, while attending the University of Phoenix, a whole new door opened for me. There were actual classes that focused on ethical issues. Theses
classes led to interesting discussion that really broadened my

American Cultural Values
When discussing America and its pervasive issue with crime, it is important to note the cultural values that not only make America but also break it in
terms of encouraging criminality and objectivity of crimes. Furthermore, there are three major cultural values that are held most dear to the American
public: freedom, success, and individualism.
To begin, freedom is at the core of the American culture. In America, freedom can be defined as the notion that, "individuals are guaranteedrights and
that those rights can be expanded by the constitution at any time if needed" (Burfeind & Westermann, 1991). While in some aspects this cultural value
has led to great advances in individual rights that may not be seen in other nations, it has some down sides that cause a strain on the American
society. For example, because many individuals value freedom and in particular personal freedom, there is often a disconnect between their definition
and reality of freedom, the governments definition, and of course others. This type of disconnect and road to eventual criminality can best be
represented when discussing one of the major political discussions to date, Marriage Equality. Some American laws that have passed and were
enforced were unconstitutional at the very nature of their disallowance of American equality for all and citizens who knew of this used their
individual freedom to break this law by practice of civil disobedience. However, since different sections of American's have

The Cultural Values Of An Organization
Chapter 10: Do you think it is possible for an outsider to accurately discern about the underlying cultural values of an organization by analyzing
symbols, ceremonies, dress, or other observable aspects of culture in comparison to an insider with several years of work experience? Select a
percentage (e.g., 10%, 70%, etc.) and explain your reasoning. Outsiders can discern certain cultural values of an organization by analyzing symbols,
ceremonies, dress, and other observable aspects of the organization's culture. However, symbols, ceremonies, dress, and appearances are only a small
snapshot of an organization's overall values. Observable aspects of an organization's culture can show an outsider about 75% of the organizations
underlying cultural values. An insider with several years of work experience will have a more intimate understanding of the underlying aspects of the
organization's culture and an insider will have a better understanding of individual employees' attitudes and values within the organization. Attitudes
and beliefs whether conscious or unconscious, typically act as the defining elements around which norms, symbols, rituals, and other cultural activities
revolve (O'Reilly, Chatman, & Caldwell, 1991). The organization insider with several years of work experience will understand the unwritten, feeling
part of the organization (Daft, 2013). For instance, a civilian outsider who observes a military ceremony may ascertain that, as an organization, the
military

Cultural Value Of Cosmetics
Cosmetics are internationally used by people to enchant their appearance, improve their skin, and express their personalities. Many cultural values
could be used to develop a marketing strategy for cosmetics, but three of the most important are sensual gratification, individual/collective, and youth
/age. Cosmetics, which include makeup and skincare products, are often used for the purpose of enchanting one's appearance either to appear younger
or more attractive to others. Another use for makeup is expressing one's individuality or for creating a look to fit in with their group.
Sensual gratification is the cultural value that determines whether it is culturally acceptable to pamper oneself and how one can indulge in
gratification. Cosmetics can be and often are marketed for increasing one's sexual appeal. Therefore, conservative cultures can be more hesitate when
purchasing makeup but can be convinced if it is presented as pampering and self–expression – sexual appeals won't work in conservative cultures like
many Muslim and Asian countries (Mothersbaugh & Hawkins, 2016, pp. 51–52). On the other end of the spectrum, cultures with high sensual
gratification will be responsive to sexual appeals for cosmetic brands. High end cosmetic brands have embraced this appeal and now market products
with names such as "Fucking Fabulous", "Fuzzy Handcuffs", and "Better Than Sex" in the United States and Europe (Harper, 2017). While brands like
Nars and MAC enjoy popularity with these

Cultural Values In South Africa
Introduction
As you all know we will be in South Africa for three years on business. This power point is going to go through how our cultural values here in the
United States differ from those in South Africa.
Diversity is the one word that describes South Africa best
Diversity seeps throughout the whole country, from the rich to the poor, from the flora to the fauna, and from the dense forests to the dry deserts.
Who wouldn't want to spend three years in a country that values diversity in everything they do.
Agenda
Hofstede's Values
South Africa's Values
Last Minute quote
Hofstede's Values
Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory is a framework for cross–cultural communication, developed by Geert Hofstede.
It describes the effects of a society's culture on the values of its members, and how these values relate to behavior.
The values are power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism and collectivism masculinity/ feminity and long term orientation.
Power Distance
Power Distance is defined as the extent to which the less powerful members of institutions and organizations within a country expect and accept that
power is distributed unequally.
South Africa has a score of 49 putting them in the middle
Basically everybody has a place and knows the order of power and doesn't question it
Whereas the US has a score of 40 making them have a low power distance
They are going to be similar to South Africa however their power lines are more blurred than

Japanese Cultural Values
Cultural Values in Comparison with the United States
According to Murai, adjusting to the Japanese culture is often challenging for foreign companies (1). Some global firms such McDonalds and
Starbucks have entered the Japanese market and positioned themselves as respected brands through adapting to the prevailing culture. However, others
have struggled to win the minds and hearts of the discerning Japanese customers. The difference between the successful and not so successful firms is
that the latter employed the right steps to understand and address the cultural differences and utilized them as vital resources. According to Geert
Hofstede's Six Dimensions of National Culture (qtd. in Ferraro and Briody 31), different states have different cultural assumptions and value attachment
dimensions, which represent the independent preferences of a specific state of affairs over another that differentiates countries from each other
(Hofstede Insights 1). A Hofstede's cultural analysis and comparison between Japan and the United States would reveal the information shown in
Figure 1 below. Fig. 1. Japan–United States Hofstede's cultural analysis comparison. Information from Hofstede Insights. Hofstede–insights.com, 22
Nov. 2017, https://www.hofstede–insights.com/country–comparison/japan,the–usa/.
Power Distance
Japan has an intermediate score of 54 compared to the United States' score of 40. The stated disparity is due to Japan's identity as a borderline
hierarchical and

Italian American Cultural Values Based Off Hofstede 's...
Today, Italian American is the fifth largest ethnic group in America. A huge amount of Italian population migrated to America between the late
nineteenth century and World War I. Between 1900
–1915, 3 million Italians immigrated to America, which was the largest nationality of "New
Immigrants" (Cohen, 1986). "New Immigrants" consisted of Slavs(Slaves), Jews, and Italians. The "New Immigration" is the third and largest wave of
immigration from Europe, and Italians were categorized as one of the "New Immigrants". From 1890 onward, the number of Italian immigrants
increased rapidly throughout the nation. From 1880–1924, more than 4 million Italians immigrated to America (Will, n.d.). These immigrants, mainly
artisans and peasants, represented all regions of Italy, but most of them came from the Southern Italy. We have conducted some research and an
interview about the history of the Italian immigration; their cultural values based off Hofstede's value orientation; what shapes the identity of Italian
Americans; the verbal and nonverbal communication of this cultural group; as well as what conflict management styles are used in this culture, and
how they handle conflict. Why did Italians immigrate to America? According to the information on mtholyoke.edu, Italian immigration was fueled by
dire poverty. After the Italian unification in 1861, the economic condition worsened, particularly in Southern Italy and Sicily. The large exodus of
Italian from the South and Sicily were

Cultural Values
Cultural Values of Then and Now Whether it is the year 1055 or 2017, the values that people try to have do not change. Writers through the years have
managed to show the importance of what society finds significant. There are three literary poems written during the Anglo–Saxon period that show the
meaning of those values; "The Seafarer, "The Wanderer, andBeowulf. No matter what someone goes through with their life, these values are
important to survive. Firstly, bravery is when one gains the courage to stand up for something, or go to battle for a cause worth fighting for. One only
needs to turn on the television and watch the latest news to sees acts of bravery. It is countries trying to protect their citizens from terrorist attacks or
citizens trying to survive a hurricane. One can also see people standing up to help someone else in need when there may be consequence. Bravery takes
many different forms and writers from the Anglo–Saxon period had their own issues to deal with. In "The Seafarer", one learns the perspective of a
man who dedicates his life to his work at sea and how he endures the different climates. "But there isn't a man on earth so proud, / So born to
greatness, so bold with his youth, / Grown so brave, or so graced by God, that he feels no fear as the sails unfurl, / Wondering what Fate has willed and
will do" (39–43). Every day he does not know what will come his way and how he will deal with it. In "The Wanderer", the man is exiled and is
having a

Cultural Values And The Dominant Culture
When looking to understand one's culture in comparison to the dominant culture it is important to take into consideration a variety of cultural values.
In comparing myself to the dominant culture in the United States I have found both similarities as well as differences between my worldviews and the
majority worldview. In order to fully assess how I have come to acquire my worldviews it is important to look into contextual and circumstantial
factors that have shaped me as an individual.
American culture values individualism where putting yourself first is seen as the norm. In comparison, Hispanic cultures value the family, or a group
dynamic, rather than each person as an individual entity (Kirst–Ashman, 2013, p. 457). I am close with my family and value the family dynamic we
have as a group; however, I believe that I must first take care of myself in order to be able to help out others. In addition, competition is valued by
dominant American culture. In America winning is everything (Scott, 2015). Although I value individualism, I am the least competitive person I know.
I believe that this stems from placing value on myself for myself (and well–being) rather than for others or in comparison to others. When focusing on
the individual it is easy to place high importance upon one's status within society. American culture places high value upon credentials, titles, roles, and
material possessions that create each person's power status. It would be absurd for me to say that my

My Cultural Values
My beliefs, morals, values, and views on my culture are based upon my upbringing, the values within my family, and the norms adopted by my
culture. However, I can't only thank my family for whom I am today; my personal experiences and feelings have had a huge impact on my cultural
views and experiences. I went to Puerto Rico when I was four years old and haven't been ever since. I remember eating limbers and roosters crowing
and hot steam rising from the ground from a passing shower but nothing about my generations past. It's sad to know nothing about an island that many
of my kind are very proud of. I'm clueless of what my Puerto Rican people have been through. Political, economic, social relations, what about them, I
wonder? All I know about the island's is that my relatives are Puerto Ricans from an island in the Caribbean called Puerto Rico. I Christina Ruiz was
an easy–going American "Puerto Rican" teen growing up, my family was small growing up it was mom, dad & my younger brother who was 5 years
younger than I. I went to school, pre–K–12th grade in Springfield, Mass. I had a handful of friends in my school. It was hard for me to trust people,
but that came from my dad always embedding it into our heads "Careful who you trust". I grew up in Plainfield / Main Street, the Cities North end
neighborhood this was my community, and was where I'd grow up to be an adult. Over in this area, is what many people called the "ghetto" part of
town; the low income housing, Main

Cultural Relativism: The Value Of Morals And Values
Moral and values is some of the things we learn as we grow up and these morals and values we learn from our parents and friends and also from our
cultures and some of them you get to develop them as you grow up. The is so many ways to develop ones morals and values and cultural relativism
and ethical subjectivism is of those ways that are used to develop morals and values.
Schick and Vaughn (2010: 354) defines cultural relativism as follows " is the doctrine that what makes an action right is that it's approved by one's
culture " in terms of cultural relativism what is good or right is determined by the majority in the society, when something is disapproved by the
society it is regarded as wrong and the minority's who may thing something is wrong they do not have a say if the majority has ruled over the matter.
Cultural relativism does not allow individuals to make their own decisions regarding wether they think something is right or wrong, it takes away their
freedom to makes their own decisions about what works for them as individuals. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Rachels and Rachels (2010: 16) argues that "There is no objective standard that can be used to judge one society's code as better than another's"! That
is the bad thing about cultural relativism it is not based on objective truth, it is based on passed experience and what a group of people decided is
acceptable in the

Cultural Values In Beowulf
Christianity & Cultural Values There are certain values changing and remaining the same after a 1000 year. Values is a person's principles or
standards of behavior; one's judgment of what is important in life. One of the values would be Christianity, this value is the religion based on the
person and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, or its beliefs and practices. Another value would be culture, which means the arts and other manifestations of
human intellectual achievement regarded collectively. Christianity has played a big role in the Anglo–Saxon, at the time majority were believers,
however others did have other believes. In Beowulf, it says "Afterwards a boy–child was sent to Shield, a cub in the yard, a comfort sent by God to that
nation. He knew what they had tooled, the long times and troubles they'd come through without a leader; so the Lord of Life, the glorious Almighty,
made this man renowned."(12–17) Throughout Beowulf, whenever any great men manage to achieve heroic feats, the narrator will be careful to
attribute their prowess to God's favor and divine plan. Christianity is still the same in today's world, one being a Christian can relate to Beowulf
because us Christians acknowledge God as our protector. Just like in this quote in the 21st century people use their kids to shield their siblings, people
also believe early success, given by God, must be treated with humbleness. This value is still a value today after a 1000 year because till this day
different

The Cultural Values Of Multi-Culture And Cultural Diversity
There is a cultural value difference everywhere, it's unrealistic to believe how multicultural differences affect society. We can observe multi
–culture
spread around the world. The author tries to show us how multi–culture is managed to survive in a respectful way with diverse society. People migrate
to the various part of the world and managed to live humbly practicing their culture and others. We can also perceive the value and the effect of cultural
belief. Multi–culture can be characterized as an act for different cultures. We can describe what multicultural means, it's value and negative effect on a
society. Multiculturalism can be expressed as sharing different ideas and values among society. Having the diversity will help to learn new thing and
help us how to collaborate and be together while it last. The author supported his argument based interviewing the victims, he was involved and had
contact with the victims. It's hard to see what different cultures value most. Everybody needs to respect their own culture. Multi–culture allows us to
learn different things and also helps us to live in a different society. Most immigrant people live by collaborating both culture.
A valuable aspect of multi–culture can be defined in many ways, the bond, the respect for family and keeping the culture strong and thriving. Parents
are the concrete for us to learn about everything. Family comes first, we learn to love and respect from our parents. Despite the fact people migrate to

Cultural Identity And Cultural Values
Despite the centrality of culture in defining who we are, its definition continues to allude many. While some may see culture as the material relics of a
certain group, such as food, dress art or language, others view it as the intangible beliefs and norms which govern our behaviour. Indeed, culture is a
multifaceted and subjective construct that becomes internalized and therefore is a driving force in the formation of our unique identities. Cultural
identity thus becomes an expression of our governing systems of kinship, ethnicity, race and religion, interacting with the social, economic and political
world around us (Hall, 1995). In this way, cultural identity represents the extent we feel connected to and a part of a given cultural group. While
identity formation is a fluid construct which is subject to evolution and influence, one could argue that people born to the dominant in–group
experience a relatively smooth and unvaried transition into their sense of self. Conversely, first or second generation immigrants who have stake in two
different worlds may find themselves hindered by conflicting values, practices and identities. Indeed, globalization has opened up the door for culture to
flow between time and space and thus it becomes transferable (Hall, 1995). This transference has large implications for both racism and nationalism as
overt differences between peoples can become a point of tension. As such, culture becomes a powerful concept with the ability to either

Cultural Value And Cultural Values Essay
Executive Summary Each person is different from one another and so as his culture. Culture differs for each region in a country and each country in a
continent. To understand each other, each one should understand his own culture first then accept the reality that another person's culture might
slightly or be extremely different from his own. Cultures are very unique and require a lot of understanding and comprehension. To do this, different
cultural value dimensions should be studied and applied to a culture. Applying this to the business environment will be more complicated especially in
a multinational company. To be a successful leader or manager in a company, one must fully understand each member of his team as well know his
team's cultural background. Cultural value continuums would be helpful in considering which management style might work best for a team. After
which, changes of collaboration and cooperation among members of the team should cross cultural boundaries and should make the team work
together harmoniously. Table of Contents 1.Introduction .................................................................................................12.Cultural Value Dimensions
2.1.1.Power Distance ...........................................................................1 2.1.2.Uncertainty Avoidance ...............................................................3
2.1.3.Individualism – Collectivism

The Cultural Values Based On A City, National, And...
Introduction Every country has norms and values that separate them from other countries. This dimension can exist on several different levels, whether
the differences are influenced by cultural or societal values based on a city, and state, national, or international level. This paper will focus on certain
aspects of the Chinese culture. It will examine what the norms reveal about the Chinese workforce and will differentiate those finding against the
American workforce and culture.
Individualism versus Collectivism
The individualism concept contends that the interdependence that a society's defines itself as "we or I" and defines the how the members position
themselves accordingly (Hofstede, n.d.). This belief is anchored in where society member identify with the "I" mentality where members are more
concerned about themselves and their immediate family. Whereas collectivism contends that, the society members are more concerned about the
groups they belong to rather than their own status. In–group members place the needs of the group over their individual needs and are happier with the
success of the group over their own. China scored twenty on the Hofstede model, which suggest that in the Chinese culture, its workers are more
loyal to a company and its leaders than their own success. This is a great benefits for a MNC, its offers a stable workforce that can build loyalty
among the workers, it will create more stability in the products and services because there is less

The Colosseum : Cultural And Cultural Values
Historical buildings play an important role in describing the social and cultural beliefs and values of a place of its establishment. People visiting the
historic buildings are able to develop a proper insight into the community beliefs and practices that exist at the time of construction of a building
(DuTemple, 2003). In this context, the present essay examines and evaluates the way in which the architectural building of 'The Colosseum' describes
the societal and cultural values of Rome. In addition to this, the essay also demonstrates the technical and spatial features of the buildings and illustrates
the way through the building is able to develop a language of classical architecture in Rome. The thesis statement of the present essay can be stated as
'The extent to which the architectural building of 'The Colosseum' in Rome depicts the cultural and societal values and principles practiced in Ancient
Roman Society'.
Critical Analysis of the architectural building 'The Colosseum' 'The Colosseum' is regarded as one of the best work of the Rome architecture and
engineering. It is situated in the centre of the city of Rome in Italy and is also known by the name of 'Flavian Amphitheatre' (Origins of the
Colosseum, 2015). 'The Colosseum' is considered as one of the largest amphitheatre in the Roman Empire and also in the world. The building of 'The
Colosseum' is highly impressive and is an important landmark for signifying the past history of Roman culture. The amphitheatre

The Characteristics Of Individualism And Collectivism And...
Organizational behavior is an essential element in every organization. The organizations in the world are differ according to their culture which means
that the values applied in each organization are differ across cultures.
Individualism and collectivism are the two most commonly mentioned cross–cultural value. Individualism can be defined as the extent to which a
person values independence and personal uniqueness. Highly individualist people value personal freedom, self sufficiency, control over their own
lives, and appreciation of the unique qualities that distinguish them from others. The main characteristics of individualism are 1) identity is based on
the individual 2) Tasks prevail over relationships 3) speaking one's mind is a sign of honesty.
Whereas collectivism is the extent to which people value duty to groups to which they belong and to group harmony. Highly collectivist people defined
themselves by their group membership and value harmonious relationship within the group. The main characteristics of collectivism are 1) identity is
based on the group to which one belongs 2) relationships prevail over tasks 3) direct confrontations should be avoided.
Besides, power distances another type ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During the 15 days before the election started, i was one of the working committee for party DAP (Democratic Action Party) in my hometown. We
have about 60 of us and we were divided into several groups where every groups has their own duty. This is the most important activity that i took
part before where we learn a lot from there. Working in a group have let us came out with a lot of ideas in a process of publishing a good magazine,
the distribution of magazine, organizing a speech and etc. It is hard to apply individualism concept here where people are tend to miss up some of the
important ideas and informations especially in the writing of an article where the article is published to read for

Cultural Values In Sports
Sports are an essential aspect of American society; they are indispensable when it comes to their impact in many public areas, including economics and
the mass media. Sport coincides with community values and political agencies, as it attempts to define the morals and ethics attributed not only to
athletes, but the totality of society. Fans of spectator sports find a reaffirmation of key societal values through sports, as they give meaning to their
own lives. "By becoming fans, spectators engage in certain kinds of pleasures, fulfilling their own desires..." writes Brummett (21). The world of sports
allows us the opportunity to gain vital insight into the sensitive issues of racism, sexism, and classism, but the implications of the attention we give
them are alarming.
Delaney writes, "to ignore sports is to ignore a significant aspect of any society and its culture" (7), continuing to note, "sport is the opiate of the
masses, because we are in the age of the sport consumer, which is dissimilar to the age of the sport spectator" (14). By placing a "value" on a specific
athlete, you are not only defining that athlete based on their attributes, you are giving them a specific worth which ultimately translates into the worth
of that specific sport, which is why we unjustly deem certain sports more imperative than others. The integration of sports into American culture is
something that we, as both fans and consumers, rely on to provide us with not only a means of entertainment, but

Cultural Values In Beowulf
Each individual culture has many cultural truths that a group of people follow and believe in. Cultural truths are principles, values, or standards
important to a group of people, which display moral behaviors that are respected and immoral actions that are scorned at. Also, cultural truths are
norms in a society that you are born into and are expected to do daily because they shape the lifestyle of a group. For example, during the
Anglo–Saxon period, there were a number of cultural truths that were applied to everyday actions and attitudes. An epic poem, composed based on the
Anglo–Saxon period called Beowulf, written by an unknown author translated by Seamus Heaney, depicts many of the cultural values of the time
period. In the poem, is it revealed that all the cultural values in the Anglo–Saxon culture are developed from the idea of a warrior culture. The epic
poem is about a hero named Beowulf from the Geats tribe who goes off and helps Hrothgar and the Danes defeat a monster, Grendel, who attacks
their mead hall. Before Beowulf meets his fate he fights three monsters, which includes Grendel, to protect the lives of people in two different tribes.
Within the epic poem Beowulf, there are several of cultural values presented and focused on such as, courage in battle, fidelity to one's word, and
loyalty to kinsmen, which are all demonstrated by Beowulf. To begin, a cultural truth admired by the Anglo–Saxon is courage in battle because it is a
trait of a good warrior in the eyes of Anglo–Saxon people. Courage in battle is the ability to not be afraid of the enemy, be strong, and brave. Beowulf
shows his above average strength and courage in battle when he is going to battle Grendel: "When it comes to battle, I count myself/ as dangerous
any day as Grendel,/ ... No weapons, therefore,/ for either this night: unarmed he shall face me/ if face me he dares" (Beowulf 677–685). In this quote
Beowulf states and declares his abandonment of weapons, as well as his belief that he is as strong as Grendel, so he will fight him without a weapon.
This shows Beowulf's courage in battle because it displays his tremendous strength and boldness by going to fight a monster with no weapons, which
demonstrates that he is not

Emotion Related Cultural Value With Regulation Strategies...
1. One of the unique features of human is the ability to regulate and adjust emotions on particular situational demands. What happen when we get
angry but cannot express it? Or when we feel upset but have to try to be fine? Under some circumstances like these examples, we regulate our
emotions. Emotion regulation(ER) refers to the capacity to control and manage one's emotional reaction in order to achieve a goal–directed outcome.
We know coping, reappraisal, or suppression as some typical tactics of managing emotions, but how these types of regulation strategies differ among
individuals, and how cultural values can be related to the preference of use of different strategies? This study will provide a general idea beyond the
basic understanding of ER by comparing individual difference on emotion–related cultural value with regulation strategies.
This study focuses on emotion related values based on the Hofstede model of six dimensions of national cultures (power distance, uncertainty
avoidance, individualism/collectivism, masculinity/femininity, long/short term orientation, and indulgence/restraint), by only focusing on long
/short–term orientation and uncertainty avoidance as emotion–related cultural values. Short/long–term orientation refers to the perspective of whether
or not looking at the future. Short–term orientated people tend to emphasize on the current time and believe important events in life occur in the past or
now. They also tend to attribute both success and

Herodotus: The Cultural Values Of The Greek And Persian...
The great historian, Herodotus, who is also known as the "father of history," wrote many books on the Greek culture. Herodotus describes the
cultural values of the Greeks in his detailed work, The Histories. Because the book concentrates on the Greek and Persian wars, he also writes about
the values of the Persians. In his account of the Greek and Persian wars, Herodotus describes the different values of the Greek culture and the Persian
culture in this famous book. From reading this work of Herodotus, it becomes clear that the values which each of these two cultures held, differed
greatly. In The Histories, Herodotus describes the cultural values of the Greeks. The Greeks had many differences, but in times of danger, they set
aside their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For the values of the Greeks, he mentions women, money, alliances, their intelligence, and most importantly, their freedom. The Greeks treat women
more as property than as marital companions. Money was also valued greatly, for Greece was a poor country. Alliances were almost always used in
battle to strengthen their numbers and intelligence because Greece had a very small army compared to the Persians. Intelligence was also needed in
war for battle strategies, which were necessary for victory. But the one thing that the Greeks valued greatly was their freedom. They were willing to
defend themselves in any way necessary to preserve their freedom. However, the values of the Persians were few and were very different from the
values of the Greeks. The greatest value of the Persians was probably land, for they conquered countries and towns in order to expand their empire.
They themselves also valued women as objects, for they would take them as plunder after conquering towns and camps. The Persians, unlike the
Greeks, were very rich, with over three million, nine hundred and ninety–three thousand Darics. The final value of the Persians that I will mention is
their strength in numbers. The Persian land and naval forces were huge compared to the Greek military. Herodotus explains the many values of the
Greek culture and the Persian culture, as well as their differences, in his detailed work of writing, The

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