This document discusses methods for constructing and administering questionnaires and interviews for research purposes. It describes different types of questions researchers can ask, such as direct vs indirect questions, specific vs nonspecific questions, and questions of facts vs opinions. It also covers response modes like unstructured responses, scales, checklists and categories. Additionally, it outlines the process of developing a questionnaire or interview, including specifying variables, question format, response mode, pilot testing and procedures for administration and conducting interviews.

1. Constructing and using
questionnaires and
interview schedules.

2. What do questionnaires and
interview measure?
 Questionnaires ns interviews help researcers to convert
certain information into data, and received directly
from people. Provides methods of gathering data about
people by ask them they rather by observing behavior.

3. How to ask questions
 In certain forms of questions and certain forms of
responses are commonly used in questionnaires and
interview.
 Direct questions vs. indirect: A direct questions say
specific information about something and indirect
questions may ask general things about a topic.

4. Specific and nonspecific
questions.
 Specific questions focus on a particular object, person
or an idea regarding a belief or concept. Ans nonspecific
quiestions prove more general ideas.

5. Questions of Facts
 An interview may also choose between questions than
task respondents to provide facts and those than require
opinions

6. Questions vs. Statements
 An interviewer can ask and respond direct questions
predetermined versus responded-key questions
 Some questionnaires predetermine the number the
number of questions to be answered. They require
respondent to complete the items.

7. Response Modes.
 Unstructured responses: Allow the subject to give respond in
whatever he/she chooses.
 Fill in the respond: This mode can be consider as the usual
mode between unstructured forms.
 Scale respond: if a research presents a series of statement
and ask the respondent to rank the order in terms of a
particular criteria.
 Checklist: A respondent replies to a check list item by
selecting one of the possible answers offered.
 Categorical response: has similarities to the checklist and
offers only two possible answers.

8. Constructing a questionnaire or
interview schedule.
 Specifying the variables.
 Choosing the question format.
 Choosing the respond mode.
 Preparing interview items.
 Preparing questionnaire items.
 Pilot testing and evaluating questionnaire.

9. Sampling Procedure.
 Random Sampling.
 Define a population.
 Establishing specific for stratified random sampling.

10. Procedure for administering a
questionnaire.
 Initial Mailing.
 Follow-ups
 Sampling no respondents.

11. Conducting an interview study.
 Selecting and training interviewers.
 Conducting an interview.

12. Coding and Scoring.
 Objectively scored items.
 Fill-in and free-responses items.