THESE PAPER IS BASED ON WIRELESS CHARGING OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE AND IN FUTURE I HOPE WE WILL INVENT THIS TECHNOLOGY IN INDIA

1. Proceedings of the National Conference on “Innovative and Emerging Trends in Engineering and Technology”
New Delhi, India, 18th
-19th
, April 2019
Paper ID: XXXX
ISBN: XXXX-XXXX-XXXX ©2019 IETET 1
Solar Based Wireless Charging of Electric Vehicle
Sonam Mittal
Electrical and Electronics Department
Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of
Technology and Management
New Delhi, India 110053
mittalsonam55@gmail.com
Vivek Kumar
Electrical and Electronics Department
Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of
Technology and Management
New Delhi, India 110053
kumarvivek4000@gmail.com
Ashutosh Kumar
Electrical and Electronics Department
Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of
Technology and Management
New Delhi, India 110053
aashu0697@gmail.com
Mohit Achhwan
Electrical and Electronics Department
Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of
Technology and Management
New Delhi, India 110053
mohit7a7@gmail.com
Abstract— In this technological era new technologies are
emerging every day to make our life easier. Wireless power
transmission (WPT) is also among the emerging technologies.
Wireless power transmission (WPT) has many applications in
different fields and also become a very active area for research
and development (R&D). One such application is the charging
of rechargeable battery electric vehicles (EV). This technology
enables efficient transmission of power to electric vehicles
without the use of wires. Moreover, it is expected that this
system improves the charging experience of EV owners,
resulting in more attractive version of electric vehicles (EV).
This paper describes the use of wireless power transfer (WPT)
for charging of electrical vehicles (EV).
Keywords—Wireless Power Transfer (WPT), Electric Vehicle,
Coil, DC Supply, Electromagnetic Induction, Rechargeable
battery.
I. INTRODUCTION
In recent times, the commercial market of electrical vehicles
is increased. The major problem with electrical vehicles is
related to their charging. The existing charging methods
involve charging through charging stations or high-power
charging devices. In this paper the concept of dynamic road
charging is introduced [1]. This technology will enable users
to charge vehicle battery while driving, which results in
reduced charging time, reduced battery size, increase in
driving distance, etc. All these advantages will ultimately
reduce the price of electrical vehicles, which further increase
their demand.[2]
The concept of transferring power wirelessly was first
introduced by Nikolas Tesla in 1891. The Wireless power
transmission (WPT), is the process of transmitting electrical
energy from electrical power source to an electrical load,
without the use of conductors like wires or cables.
There are two categories of wireless charging:
A. Near-field Techniques
In non-radiative or near-field technique, power is
transferred to the appliance which is near to the power
source. It can be divided into three categories:
• Electromagnetic (EM) Radiation: In this
technique power is transferred by means of
radioactive EM waves.
• Inductive Coupling: In this technique, the power is
transferred by the process of electromagnetic
induction. With this technology, various kinds of
electronic devices including electric toothbrush,
charging pad for cell phone or laptop etc. has been
already made.
• Magnetic Resonance Coupling: In this technique,
power is transferred by using magnetic resonance
coupling.
Energy-
carrying
medium
Technology Power Range Efficiency
Electromagnet
ic field
Near
field
Induction
power
transfer
High Low High
Coupled
magnetic
resonance
High Medium High
Far
field
Laser
microwave High High High
Radio wave High High Low
Electric field
Capacitive power
transfer Low Low High
Table 1: Comparison of different WPT technologies for EV charging
B. Far-field Techniques
In far-field or radiative techniques, also called power
beaming, power is transferred to the appliance which is

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far from the energy source. It can be separated into two
categories:
• Microwave Power transmission (MPT): In this
method of power transfer, power is transferred by
using high power microwaves as energy
transmitting medium.
• Laser Power Transmission: This technology uses
laser for energy-carrying medium. This
technology also produces high power.
For implementing the above idea of wireless power transfer,
we will use “Near-field or Non-radiative technique”.
II. NEED FOR SYSTEM
Solar based wireless charging of electrical vehicles [4] is
required as this system help electric vehicle not to stop for
recharging their battery or we can say that vehicles can be
charged while running. This system makes them truly
autonomous. This system also saves a huge amount of fuel
cost because solar energy is obtained directly from sun so
we don’t have to worry about the quantity because it is
unlimited. This reduces the cost of electric cars. Hence, we
can say that the proposed system has many advantages over
the conventional system that we use today.
III. LITERATURE REVIEW
The development of wireless power transfer is traceable to
the work done by late Nikolas Tesla, who discovered and
demonstrated the principles behind this phenomenon.
The basic working principle of wireless power transfer is,
two objects having same resonant frequency and in magnetic
resonance at powerfully coupled rule tends to exchange the
energy. The hardware requirement of wireless power
transfer includes:
➢ transformer,
➢ diodes,
➢ rectifier,
➢ two inductor coils,
➢ basic transistors,
➢ boost converter.
In this project, we are going to develop a resonant wireless
power transfer system with the transmitter and receiver coils
directly connected to both the source and the load
respectively. The transmitter and the receiver both consist of
resonant coils of few turns without any intermediate coil.
Moreover, same resonant frequency is achieved by using
identical resonant coils of same diameter and the same
material.
Table 2: Summary of existing wireless EV charging projects
IV. HARDWARE USED
➢ PolycrystallineSolarModule-12v
➢ Boost Converter (XL6009)
➢ Rechargeable Battery (12V, 2.5Ah)
➢ Inverter
➢ Transformer (Step-up)-12v to 200v
➢ Copper Coil
➢ Converter
➢ Transformer(Step-Down)
V. DESIGN
Fig.1: Block diagram
➢ Solar Module
A 12v solar module is used by us for generation of
necessary Electrical power for charging battery.
The higher wattage output, the more energy production
per solar module. A solar array of modules consisting of
higher energy-producing solar modules will, therefore,
produce more electricity in less space than an array of
lower producing modules. However, the cost is higher for
greater producing modules.
➢ Boost converter
A boost converter (XL6009) is DC to DC power converter
that step-up voltage from its input to its output. It also
helps in maintaining continuous supply.
RECHARGEABLE
BATTERY (12V)
DC TO AC
INVERTER
coil
BOOST
CONVERTER
BATTERY
(12V)
LOAD (CAR)
AC TO DC
RECTIFIER
SOLAR
PANEL 12V

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Power for the boost converter comes from any suitable DC
sources, like that Batteries, Solar panel, Rectifiers and a DC
Generator. It is a process that in which converts a DC
voltage into a different DC Voltage is called DC to DC
Conversion.
A Boost converter is a DC to DC converter with a source
voltage which is less than output voltage. A boost converter
is mainly called or known as “Step Up Converter”, Since
power must be conserved, the source current is greater than
output current.
Fig.2: Boost converter
➢Rechargeable battery
A12v battery (2.5Ah) is used to store power generated by
solar panel.
When batteries Charging, the positive active material
is oxidized,than the producing electrons, and the negative
material is reduced,it consumes electron, Due to these
electron the current flowing in external circuit[5]. They
produce electrolyte which may serve as a simple buffer
for internal ion which is flowing between electrodes , as in
lithium ion and nickel cadmium cells, or it may be an
active participant in electrochemical reaction like lead
acid cells.
The energy which is used it charge a rechargeable battery
usually comes from AC Supply, although some
equipment’s to use 12-volt DC power outlet [6]. The
source voltage may be higher than the flow of current into
batteries, but not too much i.e; battery may be damaged.
➢Inverter
An inverter is used to change the DC supply into AC
supply before sending it to other power device.
The inverter has not its own power; that means the power
is provided by a DC source. A power inverter device or
any circuit required a stable DC power source which is
capable to supply enough current for intend power
demand of the system 12V DC, but for smaller
consumers and commercial consumers in which , the
inverters typically works form a rechargeable batteries
12V lead acid battery.
➢Copper coil
The copper coil is used as receiving and transmitting coil.
It basically helps in mutual induction between coils.
A copper coil in which current through any conductor
creates a circular magnetic field around the conductor due
to Ampere’s circular law. The advantage of using this coil
shape is that is increase the strength of magnetic field
which is produced by given current. The magnetic fields
generated by the separate turns of wire all pass through
the center of the coil and add (superpose) to produce a
strong field there[7].
The more turns of wire, will produce the strong magnetic
field. Conversely, a changing external magnetic flux
induces a voltage in a conductor such as a wire due to
Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction.
The induced voltage can be increased by winding the wire
into a coil because the field lines intersect the circuit.
➢Transformer
The transformer is used to step-up and step-down voltage.
The step-up transformer is used to step up voltage from
12v to 185v.
➢Rectifier
The rectifier consists of two diode and capacitor of
1000uf.
The capacitor is used to reduce the ripple presented to
load. So, this basically smooths the power to load. The
main advantage of full wave rectifier over half wave
rectifier is that the DC output voltage is higher.
VI. PROPOSED WORK
➢ In this project firstly a solar panel (12V) is used from
which we get output voltage of around 10V.
➢ This output voltage of solar panel is given to boost
converter (XL6009) which give stable voltage of
around 12V.
➢ This output power of boost converter then stored in
rechargeable battery (12V, 2.5Ah).
➢ The diode is used between boost converter and battery
to prevent reverse current.
➢ For wireless Power Transfer we need AC supply. So,
inverter is used to convert 12V dc supply from battery
to 220V ac. Inverter consist of a transformer, two
transistors, and a capacitor [7].
➢ The transmitting coil get 185V ac which is transferred
to receiving coil by mutual induction
➢ The receiving coil is then connected to electric vehicle
(EV).
Fig. 3: Project Image
.

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VII. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
We have taken out two results for analyzing the system
performance. The two parameters are:
✓ Voltages At different parameter
✓ Voltage at different transmission range
➢ Voltages of all stages are as follows-
Parameter Voltage (V)
Solar Panel Output 10.57(DC)
Boost Converter Output 12.45(DC)
Battery 11.74(DC)
Inverter output 185(AC)
Transmitting coil input 185(AC)
Receiving coil output 71.35(AC)
Table 3: different parameter with different voltages
➢ Transmission range, is measured by varying the
distance between the transmitter and receiver, and
by measuring the induced voltage at regular interval.
Transmission range for the proposed system is 2 cm.
Distance between
transmitting and
receiving coil
Transmitting coil
voltage (AC)
Receiving coil
voltage (AC)
2CM 185V 71.35V
4CM 185V 27.74V
6CM 185V 15.61V
8CM 185V 10.24V
10CM 185V 4.31V
12CM 185V 1.30V
Table 4: voltages at different Distance
Fig. 4: Receiving coil voltage(V) VS Distance (CM)
Efficiency at distance 2 cm = 71.35/185*100= 38.56 %
The max. efficiency we achieved is 38.56% at 2CM
distance.
VIII. CONCLUSION
This paper elaborates the design and construction of solar
powered wireless charging of electrical vehicles. Our paper
has focused on combining two technologies together. The
two technologies are solar power and wireless power
transfer (WPT). Based on the obtained results we can say
that the proposed system has following advantages:
➢ Using this system the charging time of electrical
vehicles is reduced.
➢ Maintenance cost is low.
➢ Non-polluting energy.
➢ Reduced overall cost (No wires required, battery size
reduced, etc.).
➢ Increased driving range,
Based on the above results we can say that the proposed
system is effective and fulfils the desired objective.
IX. REFERENCES
1. M. Fareq, M. Fitra. Solar wireless power transfer using
inductive coupling for mobile phone charger. IEEE
conference publications. 2014:473-476 Doi:10.1109
/PEOCO.
2. Rvanth Kumar. M Shriram V,Siva Subramaniyam
.C.N,A.L.,Kumarappan,&quot Design and
Development of Solar Powered Wireless Charging
Station for Electric Vehicle "ISSN 2321 3361 ©
2017 IJESC .
3. Alanson P. Sample, David A. Meyer,and Joshua R.
Smith, "Analysis, Experimental Results, and Range
Adaptation of Magnetically Coupled Resonators for
Wireless Power Transfer", IEEE Transactions On
Industrial Electronics, VOL. 58, NO. 2, FEBRUARY
2017.
4. Suja, S., Sathish Kumar, T., Dept. of EEE, Coimbatore
Inst. of Technol., Coimbatore, India “Solar based
wireless power transfer system” Published in
Computation of Power, Energy, Information and
Communication (ICCPEIC), International Conference
in 2015.
5. David Linden, Thomas B. Reddy (ed). Handbook of
Batteries 4th Edition. McGraw-Hill, New York,
2010 ISBN 0-07-135978-8 chapter 22
6. J. Hirai, T-W. Kim, A. Kawamura-"Study on intelligent
battery charging using inductive transmission of power
and information" in IRJET 2017 .
7. Yungtaek Jang, Senior Member, IEEE, and Milan M.
Jovanovic´, Fellow, IEEE A Contactless Electrical
Energy Transmission System in IJESC 2018
8. Q. Yuan, Q. Chen, L. Li, and K. Sawaya, "Numerical
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IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 58, ,May 2018.
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