Radiology ----Classical Signs in GIT Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar.
It is very difficult to learn much in the sea of radiology.
This presentation is the way to memorize classical signs in radiology.
mesenteric cyst is fluid collection between two layers of small bowel mesentery, Mesenteric cysts can be simple or multiple, unilocular or multilocular, and they may contain hemorrhagic, serous, chylous, or infected fluid.
The fluid is serous in ileal and colonic cysts and is chylous in jejunal cysts.
They can range in size from a few millimeters to 40 cm in diameter.
Radiology ----Classical Signs in GIT Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar.
It is very difficult to learn much in the sea of radiology.
This presentation is the way to memorize classical signs in radiology.
mesenteric cyst is fluid collection between two layers of small bowel mesentery, Mesenteric cysts can be simple or multiple, unilocular or multilocular, and they may contain hemorrhagic, serous, chylous, or infected fluid.
The fluid is serous in ileal and colonic cysts and is chylous in jejunal cysts.
They can range in size from a few millimeters to 40 cm in diameter.
PowerPoint presentation on Choledochal Cysts, also known as biliary cyst, uploaded by Dr. Vaskar Humagain, first presented in 31st December, 2013. This presentation contains all the information about Choledochal Cysts, the original and revised Todani classification of choledochal cysts, pathogenesis, other associated congenital anomalies, clinical features in infant and adult, management of choledochal cysts. Comments are highly welcome :)
Commonest cause for empty scrotum is undescended testis. Proper education of physicians and parents regarding timing of surgery is mandatory to avoid serious consequences.
Anomalies of the Gastrointestinal Tract and Anterior Abdominal.ppthendra472440
suatu materi tentang kelainan anatomi sistem pencernan yg berhubungan dengan obstertri dan ginekologi. termasuk lambung, usus halus, usus besar, rektum dan anus. Dapat berguna untuk penapisan sebelum bayi lahir. Diharapkan dengan materi ini dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan mahasiswa dalam ilmu yang berkaitan dengan Gastrointestinal terpadu. digunakan pada masyarakat umum dan sekitarnya.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Mastering Wealth: A Path to Financial FreedomFatimaMary4
### Understanding Wealth: A Comprehensive Guide
Wealth is a multifaceted concept that extends beyond mere financial assets. It encompasses a range of elements including money, investments, property, and other valuable resources. However, true wealth also includes non-material aspects such as health, relationships, and personal fulfillment. This guide delves into the various dimensions of wealth, exploring how it can be created, sustained, and enjoyed.
#### Defining Wealth
Traditionally, wealth is defined as the abundance of valuable resources or material possessions. It includes financial assets like cash, savings, stocks, bonds, and real estate. However, a broader understanding of wealth considers factors such as personal well-being, emotional health, social connections, and intellectual growth. This holistic view recognizes that true wealth is not solely about accumulating money but also about enhancing one's quality of life.
#### The Importance of Financial Wealth
Financial wealth remains a critical component of overall wealth. It provides security, freedom, and the ability to pursue opportunities. Key elements of financial wealth include:
1. **Savings**: Money set aside for future use. It is crucial for emergencies, large purchases, and financial goals.
2. **Investments**: Assets purchased with the expectation that they will generate income or appreciate over time. Common investments include stocks, bonds, mutual funds, real estate, and businesses.
3. **Income**: Regular earnings from work, investments, or other sources. Consistent income is essential for maintaining and growing wealth.
4. **Debt Management**: Effectively managing debt ensures that it does not erode financial wealth. This includes paying off high-interest debt and using credit wisely.
#### Creating Wealth
Creating wealth involves generating and accumulating financial and non-financial resources. The process can be broken down into several key strategies:
1. Education and Skill Development: Investing in education and skills enhances earning potential. Higher education, professional certifications, and continuous learning can lead to better job opportunities and higher salaries.
2. Entrepreneurship: Starting and running a successful business can be a significant source of wealth. Entrepreneurship requires innovation, risk-taking, and effective management.
3. Investing: Making smart investments is essential for wealth creation. This involves understanding different types of investments, assessing risks, and making informed decisions. Diversifying investments can reduce risk and increase potential returns.
4. Saving and Budgeting: Effective saving and budgeting help accumulate wealth over time. Setting financial goals, creating a budget, and sticking to it are foundational steps in wealth creation.
5. Real Estate: Investing in property can provide rental income and capital appreciation. Real estate is a tangible asset that can hedge against inflation
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
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Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
2. Objectives
What is a cyst?
Types of cysts
Differentials
Imaging appearances
3. CYST
A cyst is a closed pocket or
pouch of tissue. It can be filled
with air, fluid, pus, or other
material
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0003724/
4. Types Of Cysts
Thin /Thick walled
With / Without wall calcifications
Regular/ Irregular in shape
Small / Large in size
With / Without internal septa
---Thin / Thick septa
----Single / Multiple
5. With / without Internal echoes
----- Fine /Thick
With /Without Solid component
10. TYPES (Todani ‘s )
Type I- Cystic (51 %) or fusiform
(10.6%)
TypeII- Diverticulum
Type IlI- Choledochocele of
intraduodenal common bile duct
Type IV- Extra- and intrahepatic cysts
(28.5%)
Type V- Intrahepatic dilatations (4.6%)
11.
12. Complications include cholangitis,
biliary calculi, pancreatitis and biliary
cirrhosis.
• On ultrasound or CT the biliary tree
dilatation or cyst can be seen.
• 99mTc-HIDA scinitraphy will show
accumulation of tracer within the cyst.
• Percutanous or endoscopic
cholangiography and MRCP are
helpful in preoperative planning.
13. Fusiform choledochal cyst with a long common channel
and associated stricture at the pancreaticobiliary junction.
14. CT of a large choledochal cyst with obstruction.
15. “Ultrasound study shows a cystic mass between pancreatic head and the
gallbladder. Smooth wall and homogeneous anechoic contents( tortuous
cystic duct that joins the gall bladder to the cystic mass )
18. DUPLICATION CYST
SITES: May occur anywhere along the
gastrointestinal tract
But 1/3rd of cases involve the distal small
bowel.
The most frequent sites of duplication are the
ileum, then oesophagus, stomach, duodenum
and jejunum.
Colonic and rectal duplications are rare.
ETIOLOGY: Incomplete recanalisation at
around 8 weeks gestation
lined with GI Epithelium (may be adjacent
mucosa /ectopic)
19. TYPES: Spherical /Tubular
Most duplications do not communicate
with the adjacent bowel, although there
is a higher incidence of persistent
communication in tubular anomalies
PRESENTATION: Depends on the site
of duplication and its size.
Incidental ultrasound finding in the first
few years of life.
20. Large cysts, especially those associated
with the stomach or duodenum, may
present with
1. Abdominal pain,
2. Obstruction
3. Vomiting
4. Lead point for intussusception
or
5. A source of gastrointestinal
bleeding from ectopic gastric mucosa.
21. IMAGING And TREATMENT
Abdominal radiographs may
show mass effect with displacement
of adjacent bowel loops.
Ultrasound demonstrates a simple
hypoechoic cyst; if the
characteristic 'gut-wall signature'
TREATMENT :Surgical resection
22. Abdominal x-ray of a patient with a duplication cyst. Note the
mass effect of the cyst pressing against the areas of colon
(arrows).
23.
24. Diagnosis of Multiple Gastric Duplication Cysts
Causing Gastric Outlet Obstruction in a Pediatric
Patient
25. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography image of the abdomen
showing a well-circumscribed, low-attenuation fluid collection seen in
relation to the greater curvature of the stomach with rim enhancement,
suggestive of an intestinal duplication
26. Mesenteric/omental cysts
(lymphangiomas)
Developmental anomalies of the
lymphatic system arising within the
mesentery or omentum
Presentation is similar to duplication
cysts.
Ultrasound is more likely to show a
multiloculated cyst with thin septations
than a simple cyst.
Both require surgical resection.
27. Mesenteric cyst.
CT demonstrating a large left-sided cystic
abdominal mass with compression of the left kidney.
Ultrasound showed multiple fine septations within the cyst
28. Lymphangioma has enhancing septa. Unlike in cystic peritoneal
metastases, ascites is not a feature of lymphangioma.
When you see a septated cystic lesion without ascites the most likely
diagnosis is a lymphangioma
29. Notice that CT does not always appreciate the
septations, although the specimen clearly
shows multiple septations.
46. Resolving adrenal heamorrhage
commonest cause of an adrenal mass
Associated with perinatal stress,
hypoxia, septicaemia and hypotension
may be unilateral or bilateral
Adrenal insufficiency is rare, even in
bilateral cases.
Ultrasound in the first few days of life
usually demonstrates an avascular
heterogenous adrenal mass that
becomes cystic and smaller over the
following weeks as clot retraction occurs
49. Cystic neuroblastoma/
Ganglioneuroma(rare)
Over half of them arise in the adrenals, but 30%
can arise
from sympathetic tissue elsewhere in the
abdomen
Calcification has been noted to occur in over 50%
of Cases
Ganglioneuroma is a mature form of neurogenic
tumour.
Calcification helps in suggesting a diagnosis of
neurogenic tumour
52. Pancreatic pseudocyst
well-known complication of pancreatitis
fluid collections may occur within the
pancreatic mass, or
in the peripancreatic spaces, or
elsewhere within the abdomen
following either acute / chronic pancreatitis
In acute pancreatitis, the pseudocyst contains
enzyme-rich fluid and products of
autodegradation of the pancreas
in chronic pancreatitis the cyst is a consequence
of duct obstruction.
53. Patients who have persistent abdominal
pain or persistently elevated levels of
pancreatic enzymes should be
suspected of harbouring a pseudocyst
one-third of pancreatic pseudocysts will
resolve spontaneously
55. Large cystic
mass in the
mid abdomen in
the region of
the pancreatic
bed
demonstrating
echogenic
material
posteriorly,
representing
pancreatic
necrosis.
56. Pancreatic pseudocyst Large septated cystic mass in the mid abdomen with
nodular component. In the absence of history of pancreatitis it would be
difficult to differentiate this from a cystic pancreatic tumour.
59. Ovarian Cyst
Cysts are fluid filled spaces within the ovary.
very common and could be physiological /
pathological, benign/ malignant
Functional or physiological cysts are either
follicular or of corpus luteum origin.
Follicular cysts form when a follicle fails to rupture
at midcycle leading to its continuous
enlargement. Usually these cysts are
asymptomatic and disappear without any
intervention within one or two months
Similarly a persistent corpus luteum might fail to
disintegrate before menstruation and enlarge in
size
60. Both follicular and luteal cysts could become
haemorrhagic if bleeding occured within them
leading to rapid increase in size and severe pain.
they might cause severe pain only if they are
large in size (>7 cm) and cause pressure
symptoms or torsion of the whole ovary
compromising blood flow when surgical
intervention is indicated
64. Teratomas
A teratoma is an encapsulated tumor with tissue
or organ components resembling normal
derivatives of more than one germ layer
They therefore contain developmentally mature
skin complete with hair follicles and sweat glands,
sometimes luxuriant clumps of long hair, and
often pockets of sebum, blood, fat, bone, nails,
teeth, eyes, cartilage, and thyroid tissue.
Typically their diameter is smaller than 10 cm,
and rarely more than 15 cm.
Real organoid structures (teeth, fragments of
bone) may be present in ~ 30% of cases.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69. Pelvic Abscess
A pus-filled cavity in the pelvis due to
infection
A pelvic abscess is the end stage in the
progression of a genital tract infection and
is frequently an unnecessary complication
Treatment : Surgical drainage of abscess
and dead tissue removal/ antibiotics