1- The diagrams of the food chain all depict bacteria as decomprets- H.pdf

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afgt2012

1. The diagrams of the food chain all depict bacteria as decomprets. How does the now reading expand your ideas about decomposers? 2. Think about the term primate Why do you think it is used for this group o f animals? hint look for cues in the cortext on page 22 and in another word you know from the reading WHAT ARE THE DECOMPOSERS IN RAIN FORESTS? Decomposers are an important link in the rain forest food chain. They. play a key role in the cycle of life and death. Decomposers break down dead plant and animal matter. This frees up nutrients for the beginning of the chain. Then rain forest producers consume these nutrients, and the food chain begins again. This process is a bit tike recycling. When we put out glass bottles to be recycled, the glass can be used again to make other things. When decomposers break down matter, it can be used again. This is especially important in the rain forest, where the soit is poor. Plants take in nutrients directly from decaying matter. Without decomposers, the waste would build up and up and up. Soon the entire rain forest would be filled with dead matter. In this food dain, a decomposer (bacteria) breals down the bedy of a secondary consumer (jaguar). 24 TOP RAIN FOREST CONSUMERS The rain forest food web contains many primate species. Primates are a group of mammals that share certain features. They have hands that grasp and well-formed brains. Monkeys and gorillas are primates. So are humans. Some primates are primary consumers, and some are secondary consumers. Both chimpanzees and mandrills are secondary consumers. Chimpanzees are humans closest relatives. Like humans, they are omnivores. They eat fruits and vegetables and some animals, including insects, monkeys, and pigs. Chimps can use tools. They poke long sticks and branches into termites' nests to get at the tasty snack. Shy monkey-tike mandrills are difficult to spot in the wild. They live in tropical African rain forests. Mandrills eat reptiles and insects as well is roots and fruits. They live in groups, and the males have colorful faces..

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Fresh cut vegitation: a non-generic name, are any of 47 species of leaf-chewing ants belonging to the two genera Atta and Acromyrmex. These species of tropical, fungus-growing ants are all endemic to South and Central America, Mexico, and parts of the southern United States. Leafcutter ants can carry more than 5000 times their body weight and cut and process fresh vegetation (leaves, flowers, and grasses) to serve as the nutritional substrate for their fungal cultivars. Acromyrmex and Atta ants have much in common anatomically; however, the two can be identified by their external differences. Atta ants have three pairs of spines and a smooth exoskeleton on the upper surface of the thorax, while Acromyrmex ants have four pairs and a rough exoskeleton. Ants: Ants are eusocial insects of the family Formicidae and, along with the related wasps and bees, belong to the order Hymenoptera.Ants form colonies that range in size from a few dozen predatory individuals living in small natural cavities to highly organised colonies that may occupy large territories and consist of millions of individuals. Larger colonies consist mostly of sterile, wingless females forming castes of \"workers\", \"soldiers\", or other specialised groups. Nearly all ant colonies also have some fertile males called \"drones\" and one or more fertile females called \"queens\". The colonies are described as superorganisms because the ants appear to operate as a unified entity, collectively working together to support the colony. Ants have colonised almost every landmass on Earth. The only places lacking indigenous ants are Antarctica and a few remote or inhospitable islands. Actinobacter: Actinobacteria is a phylum of gram-positive bacteria. They can be terrestrial or aquatic. They are of great economic importance to humans because agriculture and forests depend on their contributions to soil systems. In soil, they behave much like fungi, helping to decompose the organic matter of dead organisms so that the molecules can be taken up anew by plants. In this role the colonies often grow extensive mycelia, like a fungus would, and the name of an important order of the phylum, Actinomycetales Fertilizers: Bio-fertilizers provide \"eco-friendly\" organic agro-input. Bio-fertilizers such as Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirilium and blue green algae (BGA) have been in use a long time. Rhizobiuminoculant is used for leguminous crops. Azotobacter can be used with crops like wheat, maize, mustard, cotton, potato and other vegetable crops. Azospirillum inoculations are recommended mainly for sorghum, millets, maize, sugarcane and wheat. Blue green algae belonging to a general cyanobacteria genus, Nostoc or Anabaena or Tolypothrix or Aulosira, fix atmospheric nitrogen and are used as inoculations for paddy crop grown both under upland and low-land conditions. Anabaena in association with water fern Azolla contributes nitrogen up to 60 kg/ha/season and also enriches soils with organic matter A.

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