INTRO. OF DASSICS OF TOURISM UNIT2 IN ENGLISH NOTES BY DSVV

1. BASICS OF TOURISM
BBA 1st year

2. Unit 1:- Concept of Tourism
 Tourism in its modern form is not the same as travels of the early periods of human history. In the
language of Jews , the word “Torah” means study or search and “tour” seems to have been derived from
it.
 In ‘latin’ the original word tornos stands close to it. ‘Tornos’ was a kind of round wheel like tool hinting
at the idea of a travel circuit or a package tour.
 In Sanskrit ‘Paryatan’ means leaving one’s residence to travel for the sake of rest and for seeking
knowledge.
 ‘Deshatan’ is another word which means travelling for economic benefits.
 ‘Tirthatan’ is the third equivalent which means travelling for religious purpose.

3. Meaning
• Tourism is one of the world’s fastest-growing industries and a major foreign exchange and
employment generation for many countries. It is one of the most remarkable economic and
social phenomena.
• Tourism may be defined as the movement of the people from their normal place of residence to
to another place ( with the intention to return) for a minimum period of twenty-four hours to a
maximum of six months for the sole purpose of leisure and pleasure.

4. Definition
• First Definition of tourism given by :- Austrian economist Herman Van Scheullard in
1910.
Acc. To him – “The sum total of operation mainly of economic nature which is directly
related to entry , stay and movement of foreigner inside or outside a certain city or region
is tourism ”.
According to WTO (1993) ” Tourism encompasses the activities of persons traveling and staying
in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure,
business, and other purposes.”

5. • The Rome conference on tourism in 1963 defined tourism as ‘ a visit to a country other than
one’s own or where one usually resides and works’. This definition, however, did not take into
account domestic tourism, which has become an important money-spinner and job generator
for the hospitality industry.
• The UNWTO defines tourists as ‘ people who travel to and stay in place outside their usual
environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes
not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited’.
• According to the Tourism Society of Britain,” tourism is the temporary short-period movement
of people to destination outside the places where they normally live, work; and activities during
their stay at these destinations.” This definition includes the movement of people for all
purposes.

6. Characteristics of tourism
• Characteristics mean the basic features or qualities that give an identity and tourism
also have some unique characteristics.
• Tourism is a service industry because it has all the most unique characteristics of the
service industry and the characteristics of tourism are:

7. 1. Intangibility :-
• Intangibility is the most unique characteristic of the
service industry. Those things which can be touched
and felt, are known as tangible products like
consumer goods and products which cannot be seen,
tasted, or touched but can only be felt and
experienced during consumption is called intangible
products.
• Example: we can experience the view of Taj Mahal
in full moonlight but, we cannot carry it in our home.

8. 2. Inseparability:-
• Inseparability means, the product/service cannot be separated
from the original service provider.
• Example: the experience of visiting Ladakh, Red Fort, Eiffel
Tower cannot be experienced sitting in a hotel room. The
tourists have to visit those destinations to experience the
beauty of those places.

9. 3. Perishability:-
• We heard that fruits, meat, fish, vegetables, and
milk are perishable products as they get spoilt very
fast. Similarly, tourism is also perishable because
every tourism product has some time limit to
experience.
• Example: If we buy a air ticket for today, then we
have to travel today. We cannot claim it
tomorrow.

10. 4. Heterogeneity or
Variability:-
• Tourism product is heterogeneous in nature as there are lots
of human elements are involved in the delivery of the
tourism service and it cannot guarantee that each tourist’s
experience will be same. As there is a human element
involved so, Some experience will be good and some
experience will be outstanding
• Example: The quality and the taste of the food prepared by
the cook in the restaurant cannot be same everyday.

11. 5. Lack of Ownership:-
• Lack of ownership is the typical characteristic of
tourism as well as the service industry. It means
that the consumer can only use/experience the
service but it does not mean that he is the owner of
the product/service.
• Example: A tourist can book a hotel room to stay
but it does not mean that he/she is the owner of the
room.

12. 6. Seasonality:-
• Tourism is seasonal in nature and One
destination can not be popular throughout the
year.
• Example: In winter India is more popular
than summer for foreign tourists.

13. 7. Interdependency of Tourism Product
• Interdependency of Tourism Product:-Interdependency means dependent on each other. Tourism is a
combination of multiple industries like accommodation industry (hotel, motel..), transportation industry
(car, bus, train, auto, flight..)attraction industry, activity industry and that’s why it is also an important
characteristic of the tourism industry.
8. Risk:- In tourism we cannot neglect the term(risk) because anything can happen during the trip so,
we’ll have to aware always.
• Example: earthquake, Tsunami, Human attack etc.

14. Types of tourism

15. International Tourism
• When people visit a foreign country, it is referred to as International Tourism. In order to travel
to a foreign country, one needs a valid passport, visa, health documents, foreign exchange, etc.
• International tourism further divides into two types; Inbound Tourism & Outbound Tourism.

16. • Inbound Tourism
This refers to tourists of outside origin entering a particular country. When people travel outside their
host/native country to another country, then it is called inbound tourism for that country where he/she
is traveling. For example when a tourist from Indian origin travels to Japan then it is Inbound tourism
for Japan because foreign tourist comes to Japan.
• Outbound Tourism
This refers to tourists traveling from the country of their origin to another country. When tourists travel a
foreign region than it is outbound tourism for his own country because he/she is going outside their
country. For example when a tourist from India travel to Japan then it is outbound tourism for India and
Inbound tourism for Japan.

17. Domestic Tourism
The tourism activity of the people within their own country is known as domestic tourism. Traveling
within the same country is easier because it does not require formal travel documents and tedious
formalities like compulsory health checks and foreign exchange. In domestic tourism, a traveler generally
does not face many language problems or currency exchange issues.

18. Some different types of tourism
Following are some types of tourism:
1. Recreational tourism:
Tourism is an often activity for recreational purpose. Most tourism took for a change and rest; this is the reason why package tours have become so popular.
2. Environmental tourism:
Rich and affluent tourist are preferred to spend more visits to remote places where they get pollution free airs to breath.
3. Historical tourism:
Tourist is interested to know how our forefather lived and administered in a particular area. They visit heritage locations, temples, churches, museums, forts etc.
4. Ethnic tourism:
This refers to people traveling to distance places looking to their routes and attending to family obligations. Marriage and death bring people together to their native
places. Persons who are settled overseas during later part of life visit place of their birth for giving boost to ethnic tourism.

19. 5. Cultural tourism
Some people are interested to know how other people or communities stay, survive and prosper. The kind of culture they practice their art and music is
different from ours. So in order to acquire knowledge, understands culture well, to become familiar with the culture, they undertake journey.
6. Adventure tourism:
There is a trend among the youth to take adventure tour. They go for trekking,
rock climbing, river rafting etc. They organized camp fire and stay under the blue sky. This tourism is meant for people with strong nerves who can tolerate
stress.
7. Health tourism:
In recent years, health tourism has become highly popular. People visit nature cure centers and hospitals providing specialist treatment. Many foreigners visit
India for treatment because similar services in their country are costly.

20. 8. Religious tourism:
India represents multi-religious composition of population. Various package tours are organized to enable people to attend the religious
duties and visit places of religious importance. E.g. Char Dham yatra.
9. Music tourism:
It can be part of pleasure tourism as it includes moment of people to sing and listen music and enjoy it.
10. Village tourism:
It involves traveling and arranging tours in order to popularize various village destinations.
11. Wild life tourism:
It can be an Eco and animal friendly tourism. Wild life tourism means watching wild animals in their natural habitat.

21. Components of tourism
• Tourism does not exist in isolation ; it consists of certain components without it cannot be operated.
The tour undertaken by an individual is influenced by various components or elements. The
components are part of of tourism and also known as 5A’s of tourism.
Amenities
Attraction
Accessibility
Accomodation
Activities

22. 1. Attraction
• Attractions are one of the most important component and element that attract people to travel from one place to another.
• Attractions consist of archaeological sites, cultural sites, historical buildings and monuments or scenery like beach, flora
and fauna, mountains, resorts, wildlife sanctuaries, national parks and zoological parks.
• Attractions also includes events like exhibitions, trade fairs, festivals, sports events etc.
• Attractions are the preconditions of travel. It attracts more and more people and offers pleasure.
• Attractions also attract and connect people to enjoy and involve in various tourism activities.
• Mainly there are two types of attractions:
Natural Attraction : Natural attractions are places made by nature itself for e.g. natural beauty, climate, mountains,
landscape, flora and fauna, water resources, beaches, wild life, caves,safari etc.
Man-Made Attraction : Man made attractions are those Attraction made or developed by humans for e.g. monuments,
historical buildings, festivals, music, churches, temples, Disney lands, leisure parks, museums, casinos, discos club etc

23. 2. Accessibility:
• Transportation is a crucial/important key factor that has a huge impact on the growth and development of tourism industry.
Attraction may be manmade or natural but without accessibility tourists cannot reach a destination from his origin or place
of being. There is different mode of transportation that helps a tourist to reach his destination in any part of the world.
• There are mainly three type/modes of transportation:
1. Surface transportation : SurfaceTransportation includes both roadways and railways through land. It is one of the
cheapest means of transportation as compared to other modes of transportation.
2. Air Transportation : Air Transportation is one of the fastest and costliest means of transportation; air transport is mainly
used for travelling to long distance destination/places. It has helped a lot, as people can travel long journey as well as they
can travel through high mountains.
3. Water Transportation : Water Transportation is one of the oldest modes of transportation through water. It made
important contribution to travel in 19th century after the innovation of shipping technology.

24. 3. Accomodation
• Accommodation includes food and lodging facilities to different types of guest. Accommodation
should be comfortable and Good quality of services & facilities should be provided to the guest by
the accommodation unit.
• Mainly there are two types of accommodation:
1. Serviced Accommodation: It refers to the services provided by the hotel, resorts, guest houses,
motels, boutique hotels, home stay, star category hotels, heritage hotels, lodges etc. Different hotels
are established to provide service of lodging and food to the guest.
2. Self-Catering or Supplementary Accommodation: It refers to the premises which offer
accommodation but not the services of hotel. It provides food and accommodation in return of cash
per day. E.g. Youth Hostel, Dharamshalas, PatiPauwa, Tourist holiday villages, etc

25. 4. Amenities
• Amenities include various extra services and facilities required to the guest while travelling to different destination.
• Amenities are those Facilities that complement to the attraction.
• Amenities also include facilities like providing visa, flight ticket, train ticket etc.
• Mainly there are two types of amenities:
a) Natural : Seashores, sea bath, fishing, rock climbing, trekking, sightseeing, river, sunrise etc.
b) Man-made : Dance, Music, Drama, Cinema, Swimming Pool, Fair and Festivals, and Internet etc

26. 5. Activities
• Attractions are often assisted by various activities that enhance tourist experience. For example: a lake in
Nainital may have boating and cruise facilities, a monument in Agra may offer a guided tour by a tour
guide or a light and sound show in Khajuraho, hiking in a mountain, skiing in the snow slopes in
Himalayas, white water river rafting in Ganges river, fishing in Manalsu river, paragliding in Bir, Trek in
Hamta pass etc.

27. Travel Documents
• A travel document is a form of identification that governments give to citizens or visitors so they can cross
international borders. The type of travel document you need depends on your immigration status and the
purpose of your trip.
• Travel documents are essentially your permits for world travel. Without the necessary ID, your venture
abroad can become a nightmare. You always want to ensure you are carrying the correct travel documents
pertaining to your specific trip to avoid disastrous consequences.

28. Types of travel documents
• The most basic forms of travel documents are passports, passport cards, and arrival/departure
records.
1. COVID-19 Travel Documents
2. Tickets for Events When Traveling
3. Travel Itinerary Details
4. Travel Insurance Plan Details
5. Copies of All Identification Documents
6. Passport and Travel Visa