Science 8

2. SOLID
has definite size and shape.
The molecules are arranged very closely. The
arrangement prevents the molecules from moving. Ex:
books, pencil, eraser, etc.
Has definite weight. To identify the weight of a solid,
using a weighing scale is needed. (cotton are light, big
machines are heavy)
Has definite volume. Ex: books and pencil occupies
space.
Solid molecules

3. LIQUID
Does not have definite size and shape.
It takes the shape of a container.
Molecules are close together. The molecules
move around slowly. Ex: water, sauce
Occupies space and can be measure using
droppers, measuring cups, beakers, and cylinder.
Has definite volume and weight. Liquid molecules

4. GAS
Does not have definite size, shape, and volume.
It takes the shape of a container.
Molecules are arranged wide apart. They able to
move around and fill the shape of a container.
Cannot be seen but can feel or smell. Example: air
(oxygen that we breath in) Gas molecules

5. PLASMA
Consists of ionized gas
Electrically conductive and
responsive to strong
electromagnetic field.
Molecules, ions, and electrons

6. characteristics do not change its
composition.
Accompanied by changes in the
composition of matter.
It has two classes.

7. Classification of
Properties of Matter
–
inherent on the matter
–
dependent on the amount
of matter.
Ex:
- Density
- Color
- Boiling point
- Melting point
Ex:
- Volume
- Length

8. MATTER
PURE SUBSTANCES MIXTURE
TYPES
Elements Compounds Homogeneous Heterogeneous
Properties:
• Color
• State
• Texture
• Melting point
• Density
• Ability to
undergo
combustion
Separation Techniques
TYPES

9. • made up of only one kind of particles and has a fixed or constant structure.
• Classified into:
– substances that contain only one type of atom.
Ex: Carbon – C; Hydrogen – H; Calcium - Ca
– substances that contain two or more elements that are
chemically united.
Ex: carbon dioxide – CO2; oxygen gas – O2; sodium chloride - NaCl

15. a. Color
b. State
c. Texture
d. Melting point
e. Density
f. Ability to undergo combustion

16. • a substance made by mixing other substances together.
• Types of mixture:
– exist in only one phase all throughout
and are termed as solution.
Ex: salt & water = salt solution; different gases in air = air
– have two or more phases
Ex: oil & water; chicken noodle soup; salad

19. Separation
Techniques
Phase of
Matter in the
Mixture
Basis for Separation Illustration
Filtration Solid-liquid Solid is insoluble in liquid.
Decantation Solid-liquid Solid is insoluble in liquid.
Solid particles are larger in size and
thus may settle down.
Centrifugation Solid-liquid Solid is insoluble in liquid.
Solid particles are too small-a)that
they pass through the filter paper b)
that they settle down at the bottom
of the container.

20. Floatation Solid-liquid More than one solid particle
with different densities.
Sieving/sifting Solid-solid Solid particles differ in
particle size.
Magnetic Solid-solid Solid particles differ in
magnetic properties.
Sublimation Solid-solid One component has the
ability to sublime.

21. Distillation Liquid-liquid Boiling points difference is
large.
Evaporation Solid-liquid Solid is soluble in liquid but
does not decompose on
heating.
Recrystallization Solid-liquid Solubility of solid at different
temperatures (high and low).
Extraction Liquid-liquid
Solid-liquid
Solubility in aqueous and
organic solvent.
Selective solubility of solids
in various salients.

22. Chromatography Liquid-
liquid
Liquid-gas
Selective affinity to mobile
and stationary phase.