4. THE RISE OF AFRICAN NATIONALISM
CONT: 1900s
Began developing in the early 1900s
Africans: wanted to be FREE and have a SAY
People thought: NATIONALIST MOVEMENT include all South Africans equally
Impossible due to being governed by the whites supporting segregation policies
Eventually, believed that South Africans should develop their own sense of African
pride.
5. THE RISE OF AFRICAN NATIONALISM
CONT: 1900s
A.N in South Africa began as a form of resistance to SEGREGATION AND
COLONIALISM
Many S.A’s supported Britain in the South African War (1889-1902) between
BRITAIN AND AFRIKANERS
This is because they hoped Britain will provide better economic and political
conditions.
For example: abolishment of the pass laws
the right to vote
WHAT OTHER ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL CONDITIONS
WERE SA’s hoping for?
6. THE RISE OF AFRICAN NATIONALISM
CONT: 1900s
After the war: became clear that the Union of SA would be based on white
political control at the cost of black S.A’s
New government to be formed but excluding non-whites
In all the 4 colonies, Native Congresses were formed
What are those 4 colonies?
7. THE RISE OF AFRICAN NATIONALISM
CONT: 1900s
The FOUR colonies are: (1) Cape Colony
(2) Orange Free State
(3) Natal
(4) Transvaal
1906: Transvaal Native Congress wrote a letter to the British Parliament
complaining about the PASS LAWS
Unfortunately, the letter was ignored.
1909: ignorance of delegation by British governrment
8. THE RISE OF AFRICAN NATIONALISM
CONT: 1900s
1910 MAY: formation of the Union of South Africa wherein whites had political
power
NEW GOVERNMENT: passed laws favoring the whites
For example: only whites can vote
only whites can own land in SA
What does this mean??
This means that the non-whites were not considered as citizens
THIS WAS A HUGE SETBACK FOR THE SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONALISM
9. IONAL CONGRESS: 1910s
1912 JANUARY: Major step in the rise of African Nationalism in S.A was the
formation of South African Native National Congress that was later renamed as
the African National Congress
WHO WAS THE FIRST PRESIDENT OF THE SANNC?
AIMS: (1) Unite Africans
(2) oppose discrimination
(3) win political rights for all
No violence was done------used letters as form of protest action
10. ACTS
The 1st act was sending another delegation to London protesting against the
Black Land Act 27 of 1913 that prohibited Blacks from owning land
The Mines and Works Act 12 of 1911 permitted certification of mining skills to the
whites and coloureds only
11. .
1919: delegation sent to Paris where the Peace Conference was held hoping to get
support from British government but unfortunately again it was ignored.
12. THE ICU DRAWS MASS SUPPORT: 1920s
Organization emerged which drew the support of the working class
ICU: INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL WORKERS UNION
Formed as a trade union amongst Cape Town workers
Played the following roles: organizing protests against governments policies
By end of 1920 it began to decline
During the period the ICU had support but the early ANC did not
1923: the early ANC was officially made the African National Congress
13. 1930s
ANC worked with other organizations to protest against the segregation laws
without success again
People became frustrated meaning they were tired of olden ways of protesting
14. Early 1940s
The Second World War (1939-1945) had a significant impact on the development
of African Nationalism in South Africa
Alfred Xuma became the president of ANC in 1940
Wanted the following: cooperation with Coloured and Indian leaders to fight
against discrimination
1943: The African Claims in South Africa was drew by Xuma
It called for the following : votes for adults
fair land distribution
end of discrimination in the workplaces
15. .
1943: young members of the ANC formed the CONGRESS YOUTH LEAGUE
The first president was Anton Lembede
Supported by members such as Nelson Mandela, Walter Sisulu and Oliver Tambo
16. LATE 1940s
After the Second World War: more determined form Nationalism emerged within
the ANC
The NATIONAL PARTY came to power in 1948
The youth members of the ANC were determined to turn it into a mass supported
organization
1949: ANC adopted the PROGRAMME OF ACTION proposed by the youth
members of the ANC
Accepted the following: boycotts
strikes
stay-at-home