2. INTRODUCTION
Trichomonas is the simplest of all the protozoan parasite because it
has only a trophozoite stage
Trichomonas infects the urogenital tract unlike others members of the
order
Trichomonadida which inhabit the intestinal tract
Sexually transmitted infection known as Trichomoniasis
3. SIGNIFICANCE
7.4 MILLION CASES REPORTED EVERY YEAR
180 MILLION PEOPLE INFECTED WORLDWIDE
50 ASYMPTOMATIC CARRIERS
4. HABITAT
T.vaginalis trophozoite Inhabits the vagina in female,and
the prostate and seminal vesicles in males and the urethra
in both sexes.
5. CHARACTERISTICS
Trichomonas shows the following important characteristics
An anterior tuft of flagella
Undulating membrane
An axostyle
Only trophozoite stage[it can survive outside the body at temp
as low as 15 c for up to 48 hours]
6. TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS
Trichomonas vaginalis is an anaerobic flagellated protozoan. A
form of microorganism.
The parasitic microorganism is the causative agent of
trichomoniasis and is the most common pathogenic protozoan
infection of human in industrialized countries
7. TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS
They are facultative anaerobic parasite
It produces energy by fermentation of sugars in a
structure called HYDROGENOSOME
A modified mitochondria in which enzyme of oxidative
phosphorylation is replaced by enzyme of anaerobic
fermentation
9. MORPHOLOGY
Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan
The trophozoite stage is the only stage present in the life
cycle. Infective stage of the parasite no cystic stage .
It si 70-30um long by 5-10um wide
Trophozoite is pear shaped and shows ‘TWITCHING TYPE’
of motility due to yhe presence of 5 number of flagellae
11. LIFE CYCLE
The life cycle consists of a trophozoite stage
It is transmitted by direct contact during sexual
intercourse
None venereal transmission is rare
12.
13. PATHOGENESIS
It is not an invasive parasite
It remains adherent to the SQAMOUS EPITHELIUM but not columnar
epithelium
Protein liquid and proteases-help in adherence
Lactic acid and Acetic acid which lowers the vagina PH
PATHOLOGY
Intracellular edema and ‘CHICKEN LIKE EPITHELIUM’ is the most
characteristic feature
14. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Inflammation of the vaginal canal
Vulvar itching leading to edema
Tenderness and chaffing
Redness
Yellow and green foul smelling discharge
Painful urination-dysuria
Dyspareunia
Punctuate hemorrhages on the cervix known as COLPITIS
MACULARIS OF STRAWBERRY CERVIX.
17. TREATMENT
Single dose of metronidazole 2 gm once or metronidazole
PO 500mg TDS for 7 days
Treat the male sexual patner
Tinidazole is an alternate drug
Prognosis a full recovery.
18. PREVENTION AND CONTROL
Personal hygiene
Barrier precautions
Aviod sexual contact with infected partners
Detection and treatment of cases either males/females
No vaccine is available
