Balantidium coli morphology, lifecycle, pathology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control

1. BALANTIDIUM COLI

2. INTRODUCTION
Balantidium coli is a parasitic specie of
ciliate protozoan responsible for the
disease balantidiasis.
Balantidium coli is the largest
protozoan and the only ciliate known
to parasitize humans

3. TAXONOMY
 Belongs to the family CILIOPHORA
 Class;Litostometea
 Order;Vestibuliferida
 Family;Balantidiidae
 Habitat;Large intestine of man, pig[main reservoir] and other animals

4. BALANTIDIOSIS
It is a zoonotic disease. It is acquired
by humans via the fecal-oral route
from the normal host , THE PIG ,
where it is asymptomatic

5. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
 The protozoa are found WORLDWIDE
 Bolivia
 Papua New Guinea
 Philippines

6. HOST
 Humans are the principle host.
 It is also reported in Dog
 It is common in monkeys and pigs

7. SITE OF INFECTION
 The following are the site of infection
1. CAECUM[a pouch that forms the first part of the large intestine]
2. LARGE INTESTINE

8. MORPHOLOGY
 Balantidium coli has 2 developmental stages
1. Trophozoite
2. Cyst stage

10. CYST

11. LIFE CYCLE
 Life cycle completed in a single host natural hosts
 Pigs Accidental host
 Route;ingestion
 Reproduction;asexual and sexual

13. LIFE CYCLE
 The life cycle is as follow;
 The cyst is the infective stage of balantidium coli life cycle
 Once the cyst is ingested via feces-contaminated food or water it passes
through the host digestive system
 There excystation takes place in the small intestine
 Excystation produces a trophozoite from the cyst stage

14.  The motile trophozoite then resides in the lumen of the large intestine,
feeding on intestinal nutrients
 Trophozoites multiply by asexual binary fission or sexual conjugation
 The trophozoite may become invasive and penetrate the mucosa of the large
intestine
 Trophozoites are released with the feces and encyst to form new cyst
 Cysts in the environment are then ready to infect another host .

15. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
 Acute even hemorrhagic
 Diarrhea
 Ulceration to gut wall
 Dysentery
 Colitis[An inflammatory reaction in the colon often auto-immune or infection]
 Abdominal pain

16. DIAGNOSIS
 Examination of patients stool
 Biopsy
 Sigmoid scope is used to visually inspect the last sections of the large
intestine

17. TREATMENT
 Three drugs are commonly used and administered orally
1.Tetracycline
2.Metronidazole
3.Iodoquinol

18. TREATMENT
 Tetracyclines
 Metronidazole
 Iodoquinol
500 mg four times daily for 10 days
750 mg three times daily for 5days
640 mg three times daily for 20 day

19. PREVENTION AND CONTROL
 Avoid ingestion of material contaminated with animal feces
 Prevention and control sanitary disposal of human and pig feces
 Treatment of infected pigs
 Prevention of fecal contamination of food and water.

20. THANK YOU