TAENIA SAGINATA & Difference between T.saginata vs T.solium

1. TAENIA SAGINATA
BHARATH RAJ .
2ND YEAR MBBS
MICROBIOLOGY .

2. SYNOPSIS:
❑INTRODUCTION
- CLASSIFICATION
- COMMON NAMES
❑HISTORY
❑GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION
❑HABITAT
❑MORPHOLOGY
❑LIFE CYCLE
❑ETIOLOGY & PATHOGENESIS
❑CLINICAL FEATURES
❑LAB DIAGNOSIS
❑TREATMENT
❑PROPHYLAXIS
❑T.SAGINATA ASIATICA
❑ DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TAENIA SAGINATA AND TAENIA SOLIUM

3. INTRODUCTION:
SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION:
KINGDOM:ANIMALIA
PHYLLUM :PLATYHELMINTHES
CLASS :CESTODA
ORDER :CYCLOPHYLLIDEA
FAMILY :TAENIDAE
GENUS :TAENIA
SPECIES :SAGINATA

4. COMMON NAMES:
commonly known as
#BEEF TAPEWORM
#UNARMED TAPEWORM

5. HISTORY:
➢First report of T.saginata was
by Audry in 1700.
➢T.saginata was differentiated
from T.solium infection by
Goeze in 1782.
➢However, the exact life cycle
of T.saginata was discovered
by Leuckart in 1861 ,when the
cattle was identified as the
intermediate host.
Rudolf leuckart
Johann August Ephraim Goeze

6. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION:
➢Cosmopolitan in distribution.
➢But the infection is not found in
vegetarians and those who do
not eat beef(Eg:Hindu’s)

7. HABITAT:
➢Adult worms lives in the
small intestine ,
commonly in Jejunum
➢Moves against the
peristaltic movement.

8. MORPHOLOGY:
ADULT WORM:
➢ Opalescent white in color, Ribbon like,
Dorsoventrally flattened, Grows Upto 5-10
meters.
➢ Consists of
-Head(scolex)
-Neck
-Body(strobila)
➢ Scolex:
-1-2mm in diameter
-large and quadrangular
-4 suckers present ,which may be
pigmented
-No rostellum or hooks(Unarmed
tapeworm).
➢ Neck:
-longer and narrow.

9. Contd…
➢Strobila(trunk):
No of proglottids 1000-2000
Measurement(Gravid
segment)
20mm (long)×5mm(broad)
Uterus Bears 15-30 lateral branches
on each side; thin &
dichotomous
Vagina Present
Ovary Two lobes; No accessory
lobe
Testes 300-400 follicles
Expulsion of
segments
Expelled singly in faeces
Fertilization Self or cross fertilization

10. Contd…
EGG:
➢ Spherical,30-40µm in diameter
➢ Outer shell.
➢ Inner embryophore is brown,thick
walled & radially striated.
➢ Contains an oncosphere with 3
pairs of hooklets(Hexacanth
embryo)
➢ Do not float in saturated salt
solution.
➢ Resistant and may remain viable
for 8 weeks.
➢ Not infective to man.

11. Contd…
LARVA:
The larval stage of T.saginata is called as
Cysticercus bovis.
CYSTICERCUS BOVIS:
➢ Derived from Greek kystis-Bladder and
kerkos-Tail.
➢ It is infective stage for humans.
➢ Ovoid ,milky-white opalescent fluid-filled
vesicle (5mm×10mm in diameter) &
contains a single invaginated
scolex(Bladder worm).
➢ Can be seen on visual Inspection as shiny
white dots in the infected beef(Measly beef)
➢ It is unknown in humans.

12. LIFE CYCLE OF T.saginata:
➢ HOST:
1. DEFINITIVE HOST: Human
2. INTERMEDIATE HOST:Cattle
➢ INFECTIVE
FORM:LARVA(Cysticercus bovis)
➢ DIAGNOSTIC FORM:EGG

13. Contd...

14. ETIOLOGY & PATHOGENESIS:
➢T.Saginata causes INTESTINAL
TAENIASIS which is caused by
eating the raw or undercooked
beef which contains the infective
larvae, called cysticercus bovis.
➢The life span of Adult worm is 10
years or more.
➢Infection is usually with a single
worm,but sometimes multiple
infection is seen & 25 or more
worms have been reported in
patients.

15. CLINICAL FEATURES:
➢Usually Intestinal taeniasis is
Asymptomatic.
➢When the infection is
symptomatic,
Vague abdominal discomfort,
Indigestion,
Nausea,
Diarrhea and
Weight loss may be present.
➢In occasional cases,
Acute intestinal obstruction,
Acute appendicitis and
Pancreatitis have also been
reported.

16. LAB DIAGNOSIS:
1.STOOL EXAMINATION
EGG:
➢shows characteristic eggs of Taenia in 20-80% of
patients.
➢Formol-ether sedimentation method of stool
concentration is useful.
➢Eggs can also be detected by cellophane swab
method (NIH swab) in 85-95% patients.
PROGLOTTIDS:
Species identification can be done by examining
with a hand lens, the gravid proglottid pressed
between two slides, when branching can be made
out
DETECTION OF TAENIA ANTIGEN IN FECES:
➢ Coproantigen ELISA is more sensitive than
microscopy (specificity 100% and sensitivity 98%).
➢ The drawback of the test is that it cannot
differentiate between T. saginata and T.solium.
2.SERODIAGNOSIS 3.MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS
Specific antibodies to
adult stage antigen in
serum can be
demonstrated by
➢ ELISA,
➢Indirect
Immunofluorescence
test and
➢Indirect
Hemagglutination
(IHA) test
➢Done by
DNA probes and
PCR
➢Used to detect and
differentiate between
eggs and proglottids of
T. saginata and T.
solium.
➢ It can also
differentiate between
the two subspecies of T.
saginata, viz.
T. saginata saginata
T. saginata asiatica.

17. TREATMENT:
➢Praziquantel (10-
20mg/kg),Single dose-DOC
➢Niclosamide (2 g),single
dose.
➢ Purgation is not considered
necessary.

18. PROPHYLAXIS:
➢Avoidance of eating raw or
undercooked beef.
➢The critical thermal point of
cysticercus is 56°C for 5
minutes.

19. Taenia Saginata Asiatica :
➢T. saginata asiatica is closely related to T.
saginata and is found mainly in Asia.
➢It is morphologically similar to T.
saginata except:
-It is smaller than T. saginata.
-Intermediate host is pig (not cow).
-Its cysticerci are located primarily
in liver of the pig (not muscle).
➢Clinical features, diagnosis and
treatment are similar to that of T.
saginata.

20. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN T.SAGINATA & T.SOLIUM
FEATURES T.SAGINATA T.SOLIUM
ADULT WORM:
LENGTH 5-10 meters or more 2-3 meters
SCOLEX ▪Large & quadrangular
▪Four suckers present which may be
pigmented
▪No rostellum or hooklets
▪Small & globular
▪Four suckers present-not
pigmented
▪Bears rostellum with 2 rows of
hooklets
▪Hence called as Armed tapeworm
NECK Longer Shorter
PROGLOTTIDS:
No of proglottids 1000-2000 Below 1000
Measurement(G
ravid segment)
20mm (long)×5mm(broad) 12mm×6mm
Uterus Bears 15-30 lateral branches on
each side; thin & dichotomous
Bears 5-10 lateral branches on
each side ;Thick & dendritic
Vagina Present Absent
Ovary 2 lobes; No accessory lobe 2-3 lobes;Accessory lobe present

21. Contd...
Testes 300-400 follicles 150-200 follicles
Expulsion of segments Expelled singly in faeces Expelled in chain of 5-6 segments
Eggs per segment 80,000 eggs/gravid segment 40,000 eggs/gravid segment
LARVA Cysticercus bovis present in
cattle,but not in man
Cysticercus cellulosae present in pig
and also in man
EGG Not infective to man Infective to man
DISEASE Intestinal taeniasis Intestinal taeniasis &
Cysticercosis
HOST Definitive host: Man
Intermediate host: Cattle
For intestinal taeniasis:
•Definitive host:Man
•Intermediate host:Pig
For Cysticercosis:
•Both definitive & intermediate
host:Man
INFECTIVE FORM Larva (Cysticercus bovis) •For intestinal taeniasis-
Larva(cysticerus cellulosae)
•For cysticercosis-Egg
DIAGNOSTIC FORM Egg •For intestinal taeniasis-Eggs
•For cysticercosis-Larva

22. THANKS FOR UR KIND ATTENTION.........
DON’T STOP
WHEN YOU’RE
TIRED
STOP WHEN
YOU’RE
DONE.