Organizational Development

1. Business Psychology
Organizational Development
SMS Kabir, smskabir@psy.jnu.ac.bd;
smskabir218@gmail.com 1

2. Organizational Development
Organizational development (OD) is a family of techniques
designed to help organizations change for the better by applying
behavioral science principles that help employees improve
performance or interact more effectively.
Can involve reorganization (i.e., new departments created,
others eliminated; functions can be shifted to a different area or
a different person). Usually involves changing how people work,
communicate, and coordinate efforts.
Change is implemented by a change agent, an expert in working
with organizations to improve their functioning.
 Specific techniques for change
Management by objectives
Survey feedback
Team building
T groups‑ SMS Kabir, smskabir@psy.jnu.ac.bd;
smskabir218@gmail.com 2

3. Management By Objectives
Based on goal setting
Interlocking goals across levels of organization
Top officials set organization-wide goals
Each level sets goals to achieve higher level goals
Research suggests it leads to productivity gains
Requires full management commitment
SMS Kabir, smskabir@psy.jnu.ac.bd;
smskabir218@gmail.com 3

4. SMS Kabir, smskabir@psy.jnu.ac.bd;
smskabir218@gmail.com 4

5. Survey Feedback
Survey employees of organization on attitudes and
opinions
Results shared with employees as basis for change
Steps
Design and conduct survey
Produces report
Presents results to organization
Holds meetings to discuss possible actions
Implement change
Resurvey about reactions
Studies suggest increased job satisfaction
SMS Kabir, smskabir@psy.jnu.ac.bd;
smskabir218@gmail.com 5

6. Team Building
Many techniques designed to enhance team functioning
Enhance performance
Improve communication
Reduce conflict
Meetings of team with facilitator or trainer
Team exercises to improve working together
Results of team building are inconsistent across studies
Some have positive effects
Some have no effects
SMS Kabir, smskabir@psy.jnu.ac.bd;
smskabir218@gmail.com 6

7. T-Group
The T-group or training group is designed to enhance
communication and interpersonal skills of individual
employees through group exercises.
a. Most happen away from work, take 3 days to 2 weeks, and
involve people who don’t know each other.
b.Participants experience a series of interpersonal skills
exercises with a trainer or facilitator. They’re encouraged
to experiment with interpersonal behavior in a situation of
nonjudgmental feedback.
c. Participants should gain insights into their effects on
others; the point is to increase interpersonal skills, which
should in turn increase effectiveness on the job.
SMS Kabir, smskabir@psy.jnu.ac.bd;
smskabir218@gmail.com 7