Antibiotics (A medicine that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms) Groups and subgroups of antibiotics Activity Spectrum of antibiotics Mode of Action

1. Vetslearn Dr SHB
Vetslearn – Dr SHB
Antibiotics Summary
Group or Class Subgroup or subclass or
Examples
Static/Cidal Spectrum Mode of Action
B-Lactams
(Beta-lactam ring
present)
Hypersensitivity
GI disturbance
But cephalosporin
are non-toxic
1) Penicillin
a. Procaine penicillin
b. Benzyl penicillin
c. Ampicillin
d. Amoxicillin
Bactericidal
a. Narrow spectrum
b. Narrow spectrum
c. Broad spectrum
d. Potentiated
Inhibits bacterial cell
wall synthesis
(Peptidoglycan layer).
By binding proteins
called penicillin binding
proteins (PBPs)
2) Cephalosporin (3rd
)
a. Ceftiofer HCL
b. Ceftriaxone Sodium
c. Ceftaxime Sodium
d. Cephradine
e. Cephalexin
Bactericidal Broad Spectrum
3) Carbapenems
e.g. lmipenem
Bactericidal Extremely Broad
Spectrum
4) Monobactam
(Newer addition)
e.g. Aztreonam
Bactericidal
Narrow spectrum
(G-neg bacteria)
Quinolones
1) Non fluorinated quinolones e.g.
nalidixic acid, oxolinic acid, cinoxacin
2) Flourinated quinolones e.g.
Enrofloxacin, Norfloxacin,
Ciprofloxacin
Bactericidal
Broad Spectrum
Inhibit the DNA-gyrase
enzyme necessary for
DNA replication
Macrolide
1) Tylosin
2) Erythromycin
3) Clarithromycin
4) Spiramycin
Bacteriostatic
Bactericidal in
high
concentration
Broad Spectrum
Inhibit the protein
synthesis through binding
to 50s subunit of
ribosome
Aminoglycosides
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Neuromuscular
blockade
1) Streptomycin and
Dihydrostreptomycin
2) Neomycin and Kanamycin
3) Gentamycin and Tobramycin
Bactericidal
and
Bacteriostatic
1) Narrow
Spectrum
2) Broad Spectrum
3) Extended
Spectrum
MOA is concentration
dependent
Inhibit the protein
synthesis through binding
to 30s subunit and disrupt
the cell membrane.
Tetracycline
1) Short acting e.g. Oxytetracycline,
Tetracycline
2) Intermediate acting e.g.
Demeclocycline, Methacycline
3) Long acting e.g. Doxycycline,
Minocycline
Bacteriostatic Broad Spectrum
Inhibit the protein
synthesis through binding
to 30s subunit
Amphenicol
1) Chloramphenicol
2) Florfenicol
3) Thiaphenicol
Bacteriostatic Broad Spectrum
Inhibit the protein
synthesis through binding
to 50s subunit of
ribosome
Sulfonamides
Renal Toxicity
Hypersensitivity
Blood dyscrasias
1) Short acting e.g. Sulphadiazine
2) Intermediate acting e.g.
Sulphadimidine, sulphamethazole
3) Long acting e.g.
Sulphadimethoxine,
sulphamehoxypyridazine
4) Ultra long acting e.g.
Sulphadoxine, sulphamethopyrazine
Bacteriostatic Broad Spectrum
Inhibit the folic acid
formation and
dihydropteroate synthase
enzyme by attaching the
in the place of PABA