1) Paracentesis The perforation of a cavity of body or a cyst or similar outgrowth, especially with a hollow needle or other instruments to remove fluid. Or A procedure in which a thin needle or tube is inserted into body cavity (abdomen) to remove fluid from that cavity. 2) Milk Tests For Mastitis California Mastitis test Surf Field Mastitis Test The Strip cup Test Bromocresol purple test Bromothymol blue test

1. 1) Paracentesis
2) Milk Tests For Mastitis
SHAHZAD HUR
UNIVERSITY OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL
SCIENCES, SUB-CAMPUS JHANG

2. 1) Paracentesis
Definition:
The perforation of a cavity of body or a cyst or similar outgrowth, especially with hollow needle
or other instruments to remove fluid.
Or
A procedure in which a thin needle or tube is inserted into body cavity (abdomen) to remove
fluid from that cavity .

3. Paracentesis Throcis
(Thoracocentesis)
Indications:
•To relieve severe respiratory distress in moist pleurisy.
•Collection of fluid samples for diagnostic purpose.
•Drugs administration for therapeutic purposes.
 Procedure: ( In Ruminants, canines and equines)
•Properly restraint the animal and prepare the site.
•Give local anesthesia.
•Large trocar and cannula for large animals and small trocar and cannula is used in small animal
practices.
•Locate proper intercostal space (site of Thoracocentesis) and skin is punctured behind the site chosen
so that points of puncture do not coincide.
•The trocar is withdrawn slowly (insert the tube, if needed) to drain the fluid.
•In case of small animals a hypodermic needle is used and for aspiration of fluid syringe is attached.

4. Paracentesis Abdominis
(Laparocentesis)
 Indications:
•Ascites.
•Collection of fluid samples for diagnostic purpose.
•Drugs administration for therapeutic purposes.
 Procedure: (In ruminants, canines and equines)
•Properly restraint the animal and prepare the site.
•Give local anesthesia.
•Large trocar and cannula for large animals and small trocar and cannula is used in small animal
practices.
•The point of puncture (on lateral side, behind the umbilicus) on skin and muscle should not coincide.
•To drain the peritoneal fluid, the trocar is withdrawn, leaving cannula in situ.
• After draining the fluid, trocar is reintroduced and both trocar and cannula are withdrawn together to
avoid escape of fluid along the way.

5. Paracentesis Sample
Packed cell volume (PCV),
total protein (TP),
creatinine,
glucose concentration,
and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) can be measured from the peritoneal fluid sample

6. 2) Milk Tests For Mastitis
California Mastitis test
Surf Field Mastitis Test
The Strip cup Test
Bromocresol purple test
Bromothymol blue test

7. California Mastitis test
A cow side test used for detection of sub-clinicalmastitis.
It indicates increased number of leukocytes, ssc by gel formation and also indicates alkalinity
 Procedure
•Take about 1 teaspoon (2 cc) milk from each quarter and add an equal amount of CMT
solution to each cup in the paddle.
•Rotate the CMT Paddle in a circular motion to thoroughly mix the contents.
•Observe the changes.

9. Interpretation of CMT Scores
CMT scores are directly related to average somatic cell counts.
N (Negative): 0 – 200,000 Healthy Quarter
T (Trace): 200,000 – 400,000 Subclinical Mastitis
1: 400,000 – 1,200,000 Subclinical Mastitis
2: 1,200,000 – 5,000,000 Serious Mastitis Infection
3: Over 5,000,000 Serious Mastitis Infection

10. Surf Field Mastitis Test
Procedure:
•3% Surf solution-Dissolve 3 g of surf in 100 ml of clean tap water.
•The test solution is Stable for 6 months at room temperature
• Take equal quantity of 3% reagent and milk in the paddle or container. The mixture is swirled
for about 1 minute and then examined visually for the presence of small floccules and gel.
Interpretations:
•If gel is formed it indicates the presence of intramammary infection. In the absence of any
floccules or gel, sample is negative

11. The Strip cup Test
The strip cup or strip plate is for determining the presence of
clinical mastitis
Few streams of the foremilk are squirted onto the strip cup
and are visually examined for milk abnormalities.

12. Bromocresol purple test
BCP is an indicator dye used for detection of mastitis by PH change
The concentration of fat influence the color with BCP so we foremilk which is low in fat
Procedure
•Take 2-3 drops of 0.9% Bromocresol purple solution in a test tube and
•Add 3 ml of freshly drawn milk.
 Results
• Normal milk appears as yellow (Pale grayish purple)
•while mastitis milk will appear as blue or purple

13. Bromothymol blue test
This is a pH indicator test, after adding the milk with
Bromothymol blue, different colors are developed due to changes in pH of milk
Procedure
•For this test BTB card test papers may be prepared from whatman filter paper No. 1. The
diagnostic card can be prepared by adding one drop of BTB test solution (Bromothymol blue-1.6
g in 100 ml ethanol) at 4 different spots on the paper and indicates left fore (LF), left hind (LH),
right fore (RF) and right hind (RH).
•One drop of suspected milk has to be put directly on the indicator spot and observed changes in
color are scored as follows

14. Interpretations
Color change PH
Pale Green 6.6-6.7 (normal)
Moderate green 6.8 (+)
Green 7.1(++)
Dark blue green 7.4(+++)