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Route of administration

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Santosh Sarnaik
Santosh Sarnaik

Route of administration Important for GPAT NIPER and Drug inspector examination. Please like share and subscribe my youtube channel only pharmacy.

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ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION MR SANTOSH SOPANRAO SARNAIK M.S. PHARMACEUTICS CEO OF ONLY PHARMACY
DEFINATION • It refers its site of administration from where we give drug • Vary in route of administration responsible for changing bioavailability • Bioavailability is the rate and extent of drug reaches systemic circulation • Relative bioavailability • Absolute bioavailability
CLASSIFICATION Enteral Parenteral Local
ENTERAL • Drug is going through intestine • This is again classified into : 1) Oral 2) Rectal 3) Buccal 4) Subligual
ORAL Most of the drugs is given by the oral route advantages:- 1) Easy to use 2) No skill require and sterility 3) Economical 4) Cheap Disadvantages:- 1) First pass metabolism 2) Cant used in case of emergency 3) Nausea and vomiting 4) Some drugs are degraded by gastric enzymes e.g. insulin
FIRST PASS METABOLISM • Before going into blood drug is going into liver through portal vein where is metabolized • So this reduces the systemic availability of the drug i.e. bioavailability • That’s why we need more dose in case of the oral route of administration • Dose :- amount of drug needed for therapeutic activity DRUG LIVER BLOOD
RECTAL • Purgative and irritant can be given by rectal route of administration • Advantages : 1) Purgative drug and irritant drug can be given 2) Easy to use 3) Cheap 4) Local action also produces Disadvantages: 1) Poor patient compliances 2) First pass metabolism
BUCCAL • Absorbed by the buccal mucosa • Between gums and inner lining of the cheek advantages:- 1) No FPM 2) Rapid absorption 3) Drug Stable Disadvantages :- 1) Do not swallowed if swallowed advantages lost 2) Large dose cant not be given 3) Inconvinience
SUBLIGUAL • Kept under the tongue • Rapid absorption takes place by sublingual mucosa • Absorption takes place through subligual vein Advantages :- 1) Rapid drug absorption 2) Terminate drug after desired action by splitting 3) No FPM and economical 4) Economical Disadvantages :- 1) Irritation of the oral mucosa 2) Bitter and unpalatable drug 3) Cannot give the large quantities 4) Limited no of drugs are only absorbed
PARANTERALS • Para – outside enteron- intestine • Done by the needle and it also include metered dose inhaler • There is no FPM • This is again classified into : A) Injectables B) Inhalation
INTRAVENOUS • 100% absorption and no FPM • Angle of administration – 25 • Useful in case of emergency • It can also be used when there is situation of diarroea and vomiting • Large quantities can also be given • Desired blood concentration is achieved Disadvantaged :- 1) Phlebitis and pain at site of injection 2) Skill person 3) Cant reverse action and expensive
INTRAMUSCULAR • Advantages – 1) Rapid absorption and mild irritant drug can be given 2) FPM is avoided 3) There is no gastric irritation Disadvantages – 1) Expensive and nerve damage 2) Painful and abcess formed 3) Limitation upto 10ml drug
SUBCUTANEOUS • All vaccine are given by the SC route Advantages – 1) Prolonged action 2) Certain hormonal drug are given by using implant 3) Self administration is possible 4) High bioavailability and no FPM Disadvantages – 1) Little Pain at site of injection 2) Small volume upto 1-2 ml possible 3) Irritant drug cant be given
INTRADERMAL • Diagnostic agents and BCG vaccine is given • Upto 0.1 ml given • Arm, back, where there is no hair
INTRATHECAL • Administered into subarachanoid space of the spinal cord • Certain antibiotics and anti malignant drugs
INTRAARTERIAL • Inject directly into artery • Antimalignacy compounds given by this route
INTRAARTECULAR • Administerd into joints • Antiinflammatory • Steroids are given
INTRAMEDULARY • Administration into bone marrow • Rarely used
INTRAPERITONEAL • Administered into the serum membrane in between viscera and lining the abdominal cavity by injection known as intraperitoneal • Infants for giving glucose and saline • Peritoneal dialysis
Injection Angle Intravenous 25 Subcutaneous 45 Intramuscular 90 Intradermal 10-15
INHALATION • Generally used in case of the asthma • Metered dose inhalers • Rapid action • No FPM Advantages – Self administration and rapid action as well as suitable for CR delivery to the respiratory tract Disadvantages – Irritation cause by the drug Difficulty in dose estimation Expensive
LOCAL • Local action • Required lipid solubilitly Types – 1) Topical (skin and mucous membrane) 2) Dipper tissues(retrobulbar injection) 3) Arterial supply(intraarterial injection)
Thank you !

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Route of administration

  • 1. ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION MR SANTOSH SOPANRAO SARNAIK M.S. PHARMACEUTICS CEO OF ONLY PHARMACY
  • 2. DEFINATION • It refers its site of administration from where we give drug • Vary in route of administration responsible for changing bioavailability • Bioavailability is the rate and extent of drug reaches systemic circulation • Relative bioavailability • Absolute bioavailability
  • 4. ENTERAL • Drug is going through intestine • This is again classified into : 1) Oral 2) Rectal 3) Buccal 4) Subligual
  • 5. ORAL Most of the drugs is given by the oral route advantages:- 1) Easy to use 2) No skill require and sterility 3) Economical 4) Cheap Disadvantages:- 1) First pass metabolism 2) Cant used in case of emergency 3) Nausea and vomiting 4) Some drugs are degraded by gastric enzymes e.g. insulin
  • 6. FIRST PASS METABOLISM • Before going into blood drug is going into liver through portal vein where is metabolized • So this reduces the systemic availability of the drug i.e. bioavailability • That’s why we need more dose in case of the oral route of administration • Dose :- amount of drug needed for therapeutic activity DRUG LIVER BLOOD
  • 7. RECTAL • Purgative and irritant can be given by rectal route of administration • Advantages : 1) Purgative drug and irritant drug can be given 2) Easy to use 3) Cheap 4) Local action also produces Disadvantages: 1) Poor patient compliances 2) First pass metabolism
  • 8. BUCCAL • Absorbed by the buccal mucosa • Between gums and inner lining of the cheek advantages:- 1) No FPM 2) Rapid absorption 3) Drug Stable Disadvantages :- 1) Do not swallowed if swallowed advantages lost 2) Large dose cant not be given 3) Inconvinience
  • 9. SUBLIGUAL • Kept under the tongue • Rapid absorption takes place by sublingual mucosa • Absorption takes place through subligual vein Advantages :- 1) Rapid drug absorption 2) Terminate drug after desired action by splitting 3) No FPM and economical 4) Economical Disadvantages :- 1) Irritation of the oral mucosa 2) Bitter and unpalatable drug 3) Cannot give the large quantities 4) Limited no of drugs are only absorbed
  • 10. PARANTERALS • Para – outside enteron- intestine • Done by the needle and it also include metered dose inhaler • There is no FPM • This is again classified into : A) Injectables B) Inhalation
  • 11. INTRAVENOUS • 100% absorption and no FPM • Angle of administration – 25 • Useful in case of emergency • It can also be used when there is situation of diarroea and vomiting • Large quantities can also be given • Desired blood concentration is achieved Disadvantaged :- 1) Phlebitis and pain at site of injection 2) Skill person 3) Cant reverse action and expensive
  • 12. INTRAMUSCULAR • Advantages – 1) Rapid absorption and mild irritant drug can be given 2) FPM is avoided 3) There is no gastric irritation Disadvantages – 1) Expensive and nerve damage 2) Painful and abcess formed 3) Limitation upto 10ml drug
  • 13. SUBCUTANEOUS • All vaccine are given by the SC route Advantages – 1) Prolonged action 2) Certain hormonal drug are given by using implant 3) Self administration is possible 4) High bioavailability and no FPM Disadvantages – 1) Little Pain at site of injection 2) Small volume upto 1-2 ml possible 3) Irritant drug cant be given
  • 14. INTRADERMAL • Diagnostic agents and BCG vaccine is given • Upto 0.1 ml given • Arm, back, where there is no hair
  • 15. INTRATHECAL • Administered into subarachanoid space of the spinal cord • Certain antibiotics and anti malignant drugs
  • 16. INTRAARTERIAL • Inject directly into artery • Antimalignacy compounds given by this route
  • 17. INTRAARTECULAR • Administerd into joints • Antiinflammatory • Steroids are given
  • 18. INTRAMEDULARY • Administration into bone marrow • Rarely used
  • 19. INTRAPERITONEAL • Administered into the serum membrane in between viscera and lining the abdominal cavity by injection known as intraperitoneal • Infants for giving glucose and saline • Peritoneal dialysis
  • 20. Injection Angle Intravenous 25 Subcutaneous 45 Intramuscular 90 Intradermal 10-15
  • 21. INHALATION • Generally used in case of the asthma • Metered dose inhalers • Rapid action • No FPM Advantages – Self administration and rapid action as well as suitable for CR delivery to the respiratory tract Disadvantages – Irritation cause by the drug Difficulty in dose estimation Expensive
  • 22. LOCAL • Local action • Required lipid solubilitly Types – 1) Topical (skin and mucous membrane) 2) Dipper tissues(retrobulbar injection) 3) Arterial supply(intraarterial injection)