Route of administration refers to how a drug enters the body and is classified by location. Common routes include enteral (oral, sublingual, rectal), parenteral (subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous), inhalation, and topical. The appropriate route depends on factors like the drug's properties, desired effects, and patient condition. Enteral routes are generally safest and most convenient while parenteral ensures complete absorption but requires more expertise.
Know About Your Drug ,,, Part - II ( Route of Drug Administration) for study purpose pharmaceutical professional such as students and other specialized field. Presentation for "LEARN & EARN KNOWLEDGE" based.
Thanks all of you for your support...Part-I success and your comments.
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Routes of drug administration:
A route of administration in pharmacology and toxicology is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body.[1] Routes of administration are generally classified by the location at which the substance is applied. Common examples include oral and intravenous administration. Routes can also be classified based on where the target of action is. Action may be topical (local), enteral (system-wide effect, but delivered through the gastrointestinal tract), or parenteral (systemic action, but delivered by routes other than the GI tract)
Know About Your Drug ,,, Part - II ( Route of Drug Administration) for study purpose pharmaceutical professional such as students and other specialized field. Presentation for "LEARN & EARN KNOWLEDGE" based.
Thanks all of you for your support...Part-I success and your comments.
www.linkedin.com/in/dr-aboobecker-siddique-p-a-200783a0
\
Routes of drug administration:
A route of administration in pharmacology and toxicology is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body.[1] Routes of administration are generally classified by the location at which the substance is applied. Common examples include oral and intravenous administration. Routes can also be classified based on where the target of action is. Action may be topical (local), enteral (system-wide effect, but delivered through the gastrointestinal tract), or parenteral (systemic action, but delivered by routes other than the GI tract)
Definition and Classification of routes of drug administration. Along with an explanation of it. Advantages and Disadvantages of different routes of administration. Intravenous routes give faster onset of action than any other route. 100% bioavailability is possible in the case of IV. The choice of route depends upon the patient condition.
Pharmacology Routes of drug administration seminarDr. Ritu Gupta
This seminar is helpful for the postgraduate students includes recent advancements in the routes of drug administration with illustrations, oral, sublingual, also, fastest route amongst all the techniques
Definition and Classification of routes of drug administration. Along with an explanation of it. Advantages and Disadvantages of different routes of administration. Intravenous routes give faster onset of action than any other route. 100% bioavailability is possible in the case of IV. The choice of route depends upon the patient condition.
Pharmacology Routes of drug administration seminarDr. Ritu Gupta
This seminar is helpful for the postgraduate students includes recent advancements in the routes of drug administration with illustrations, oral, sublingual, also, fastest route amongst all the techniques
Drugs may be administered by various routes. The choice of the route in a given patient depends on the tissue or organ to be treated, the characteristics of the drug and urgency of the situation, etc. Knowledge of the advantages and disadvantages of the different routes of administration is essential. The routes can be broadly divided into Enteral, Parenteral, and Local.
Routes of drug administration - I for mbbsmani goel
No single method of drug administration is ideal for all drugs in all circumstances .A knowledge of advantages and disadvantages of different routes of administration is essential.
A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of health problems.
A drug is a chemical substance derived from different sources –living or non living , which alter or change the function of cells, by reacting with them.
A route of administration is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison or other substance is brought into contact with the body.
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TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
Routes of administration
1.
2. Route of administration
•Is the path by which a drug, fluid,
poison, or other substance is taken
into the body.
•Routes of administration are generally
classified by the location at which the
substance is applied.
•Routes can also be classified based
on where the target of action is.
4. SELECTION OF ROUTES
• Must be correlate with the site of drug
action.
• Drug nature/characteristics of the drug.
• Duration of action.
• Effect of gastric pH, digestive enzymes.
• First-pass metabolism
• Patient status.
• Desire of the patient.
5. Enteral routes
(Through the intestines)
•In this route the drug is placed in the
Gastrointestinal Tract and then it
absorbs to the blood.
i. ORAL OR PER OS (P.O.)
Oral route is the most common
route of administration. It is safe,
convenient, cheap and does not
require the services of a skilled
personnel.
6. Advantages
• Safer.
• Cheaper.
• Painless.
• Convenient for
repeated and
prolonged use.
• Can be self-
administered.
Disadvantages
• Not suitable for emergency.
• It is not suitable for/in:
Unpalatable and highly
irritant drugs.
Unabsorbed drugs (e.g.
aminoglycosides).
Drugs that are destroyed by
digestive juices (e.g.
insulin).
Drugs with extensive first-
pass metabolism (e.g.
lignocaine).
Unconscious patients.
Uncooperative and
unreliable patients.
Patients with severe
vomiting and diarrhoea.
7. Buccal and Sublingual (SL)
• Some drugs are taken as smaller tablets which are held in
the mouth or under the tongue.
• Buccal tablets are often harder tablets designed to
dissolve slowly.
• This ROA is also used for some steroids.
• E.g. nitroglycerine, Nicotine containing chewing gum,
testosterone and oxytocin
8. • ADVANTAGES
• Quick onset of action.
• Action can be
terminated by spitting
out the tablet.
• Bypasses first-pass
metabolism.
• Self-administration is
possible.
• Drug stability
• DISADVANTAGES
• Holding the dose in the
mouth is inconvenient.
• It is not suitable for:
Irritant and lipid-
insoluble drugs.
Drugs with bad smell
and taste.
• Unpleasant taste of
some drugs
9. Factors to be considered
1. Lipophilicity of drug.
2. Salivary secretion.
3. pH of the saliva.
4. Binding to oral mucosa.
5. Thickness of oral
epithelium.
10. Rectal administration
• Drugs given by the rectal route a most commonly given as
suppository or enema.
• Because the rectum's wall is thin and its blood supply rich,
the drug is readily absorbed.
• 1. Suppository: It can be used for local (topical) effect as
well as systemic effect, e.g. indomethacin for rheumatoid
arthritis.
• 2. Enema: Retention enema can be used for local effect
as well as systemic effect.
• The drug is absorbed through rectal mucous membrane
and produces systemic effect, e.g. diazepam for status
epilepticus in children.
11. Advantages
• Unconscious patients and
children
• If patient is having
nauseous or vomiting.
• By-pass liver - Some (but
not all) there may be a
reduced first-pass effect.
Disadvantages
• Erratic absorption.
• Absorption may be
variable.
• May cause irritation.
• The patient may be
embarrassed.
12. Parenteral routes
• In this route of administration the drug does not pass
through the gastrointestinal tract. It directly reaches to the
blood.
• It can further be classified into two classes:-
• 1. With injections e.g. Intravascular, Intramuscular,
Subcutaneous
• 2. Without injections: - e.g. Inhalations.
13. Advantages
i) Drug is neither invaded
nor destroyed by
digestive enzymes.
ii) A higher concentration
of drug in blood is
achieved.
iii) Absorption is complete
and predictable.
iv) In emergency this
method is particularly
useful.
Disadvantages
1. It is expensive.
2. Asepsis must be
maintained to avoid
infection.
3. Pain may accompany
or follow the injection.
4. It requires the services
of a professionally
skilled personnel.
14. • Onset of action often occurring in
15–30 seconds for IV, 10–20
minutes for IM and 15–30
minutes for SC
• They also have essentially 100%
bioavailability and can be used
for drugs that are poorly
absorbed or ineffective when they
are given orally.
• Some medications, such as
certain
• antipsychotics, can be
administered as long-acting
intramuscular injections.
• On-going IV infusions can be
used to deliver continuous
medication or fluids.
16. INHALATION
• Inhalation
• May be used for a local effect, e.g. bronchodilators.
• Can be used for systemic effect, e.g. general anaesthesia.
• Rapid absorption by-passing the liver.
• Absorption of gases is relatively efficient, however solids
and liquids are excluded if larger than 20 micron and even
then only 10 % of the dose may be absorbed.
• Cromolyn is taken as a powder with 50 % of the particles
within the range of 2 to 6 micron. Larger than 20 micron
and the particles impact in the mouth and throat.
• Smaller than 0.5 micron and they aren't retained. Some
portion of the dose may be swallowed.
Action may be topical (local),
enteral (system-wide effect, but delivered
through the gastrointestinal tract), or
parenteral (systemic action, but delivered
by routes other than the GI tract).
A suppository is prescribed for
people who cannot take a drug orally
because they have nausea, cannot swallow,
or have restrictions on eating, as is required
after many surgical operations. Drugs that
are irritating in suppository form may have
to be given by injection.
Also 50% of the drug absorbed from rectum passes through liver before entering the systemic circulation thus first-pass effect cannot be fully avoided.
The drugs administered reactally are in the form of suppositories e.g. Ergotamine for the treatment of migraine. Another form of preparation for rectal administration is the ENEMA i.e. a solution or suspension of the drug in water or some other vehicle. Suppositories may also be given for local treatment of rectal conditions e.g. benzocain is used to relieve pain and itching caused by haemorrhoids
The term parenteral administration implies the routes through which the drug directly reaches the body fluids, by passing the preliminary process of transport through the intestinal wall or pulmonary alveoli which is an essential process when drugs are taken orally, inhaled or administered reactally.