This was made for basic introduction of computers

1. Prof. Wadekar
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2.  Computer Hardware and Software – 6 lectures
 Hardware
 Software
 Networks – 6 lectures
 Basic and Infrastructure
 Data Communication
 Internet
 Cyber Crimes and Cyber Laws
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3.  Office productivity software – 13 lectures
 Word Processing – MS Word
 Spreadsheet – MS Excel
 Presentation Software – MS Powerpoint
 Personal Information Manager
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4.  Processors
 Memory
 Bus Types
 Ports
 Secondary Storage
 Solid State Storage Devices
 Printers
 Screens
 Input Devices
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6.  Centrino Technology
 Intel
 Combination of main board,
chipset, mobile CPU and
wireless network interface
 Athlon Technology
 X86-compatible microprocessors
by AMD (Advanced Micro Devices)
 K6 Technology
 AMD K5 Technology
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7.  Core 2 Duo Processor
 Intel Pentium Family
 Cyrix
 Founded by Texas
Instruments (TI)
 Intel Processors
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8.  CPU – Central processing unit
 Brain of computer
 Accepts data from an input device, changes the
data according to the instructions given by the
user and send the results to an output device
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10.  Bit : smallest unit of data memory; “b”
 Byte : 8 bits = 1 byte; “B”
 Kilobyte : 1 Kilobyte = 1024 bytes; “KB”
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11.  Megabyte : 1 Megabyte = 1024 kilobytes; “MB”;
unit of measurement of RAM (Random access
memory)
 Gigabyte : 1 Gigabyte = 1024 megabytes; “GB”
 Terabyte : 1 terabyte = 1024 gigabyte; TB
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12.  Main / Primary memory :
 RAM (Random access
memory)
 ROM (Read only memory)
 Amount/size of main memory is insufficient and so,
secondary memory is used
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13.  Secondary memory / Auxiliary memory :
 To store huge data
 Permanent nature
 Hard disk, floppy disk, zip disk, DVD, Pen drive
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14.  Volatile in nature
 Instructions stored on RAM are temporary once
the power is switched off, the instructions stores in
RAM will be erased
 Where computer stores temporarily the OS and
other software installed
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15.  SRAM
 Static RAM
 Fast and Expensive
 Used for memory caching
 Does not need to be refreshed
 DRAM
 Dynamic RAM
 Slower and less expensive than SRAM
 Needs to be refreshed every second
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16.  SDRAM
 Synchronous dynamic random access memory
 Used in PC and synchronized with system clock
 Knows when next cycle is coming and has data
ready, thus reducing CPU waits states
 Available at speeds as high as 133MHz
 DDR-SDRAM
 Double data rate SDRAM
 Twice as fast as ordinary SDRAM
 DDR3 latest evolution
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17.  RDRAM
 RAMBUS dynamic RAM
 Very fast
 Chips work parallel to produce very fast speeds
 Expensive because it is proprietary
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18.  Non-volatile
 Data/programs and instructions are stored
permanently
 Does not get erased when switched off
 Normally programs or contents are given by
computer hardware manufacturer
 Contains BIOS and holds information to load OS
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19.  Mask ROM
 Basic ROM chip
 Stored at time of manufacturing
 Cannot be altered or erased
 PROM
 Programmable read only memory
 Programmed by programmers
 Cannot be altered or erased
 EPROM
 Erasable PROM
 Data/instructions/programs can be erased from EPROM
by exposing it to ultra violet light for few mins
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20.  EEPROM
 Electrically EPROM
 Erased using high voltage current
 EAPROM
 Electrically Alterable ROM
 Information can be altered
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21.  SIMM:
 Single in-line memory module
 One or more RAM
 Since more RAM, need to access to secondary storage is
less
 Usually multiples of 4MB
 DIMM
 Dual in-line memory module
 Series of DRAM
 Used in PC, Workstations, servers
 CACHE memory
 High speed memory which the processor cab access much
faster than main memory
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25.  Data Bus:
 Moves data between the memory, input/output
devices and processor
 Address Bus:
 Set of wires that connects CPU and RAM
 Carries only the memory address
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26.  AGP
 AGP Accelerated Graphics Port allows the video
care to access the RAM directly
 Increases speed of graphics performance
 ISA Bus
 Industry Standard Architecture
 Used for attaching devices such as
input devices to CPU
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27.  Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI)
 High performance bus for interconnecting chips,
expansion boards, and memory cards
 Originated at Interl Inc.
 Fire wire:
 IEEE 1394 On Fire Wire are the ports which are used
for connecting video devices such as Digital Video
cameras
 Universal Serial Bus (USB)
 Allows high speed, easy connection of peripherals
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