In this chapter describe the units of English.

1. MISHRA EDUCATIONAL POINT
“Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change
the world.”

2. CHAPTER 2
UNITS OF ENGLISH

3. UNITS OF ENGLISH
A Unit is a basic part.
Units introduce the basic stage of English.
Units make a word or a sentence complete.

4. FIVE UNITS
I. Letter
II. Word
III. Phrase
IV. Clause
V. Sentence

5. 1. Letter
 The unit of any language is called letter.
Ex. A, a, अ, ……..
 There are twenty six letters in English language they are
called Alphabet.
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W,
X, Y and Z

6. 1.1 SOUNDS OF LETTER
I. CONSONANTS
 b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y and z are
called Consonants. That means there are 21 consonants.
II. VOWELS
 a, e, i, o and u are called Vowels. That means there are five
vowels

7. 2 .Word
 A word is a group of letters with a meaning.
Ex.
L+B+A+L = LBAL
B+A+L+L = BALL
T+O+I+N+N+A = TOINNA
N+A+T+I+O+N = NATION

8. 3 .Phrase
 A phrase is a group of words without a subject and predicate
but with a meaning.
Ex.
The leader of the group
The red ball
Our family-members
To score more marks

9. 3.1 Nominal phrase
If the most important word in a phrase is a noun it is
called a Nominal phrase or a Noun phrase.
Ex.
i). All the admitted students
ii). Tax-payers from that state
iii). The primary colors

10. 3.2 Verbal phrase
If the most important word in the phrase is verb that
phrase is called Verbal phrase.
Ex.
i). To cultivate the lands
ii). To study into night
iii). To go around the city

11. 4.Clause
 A clause is a group of words, with a subject and a
predicate having a meaning.
Subject + verb = I eat.
Subject + verb (predicate) = I eat bananas.
Note:-
A phrase does not have a subject and a predicate. But a
clause has both.

12. 4.1 Main clause
If clause is conveying the complete meaning, it is
called Main clause.
Ex.
My brother loves red car.
My brother = subject + loves = verb.

13. 4.2 Subordinate clause
If the meaning of the clause is incomplete, then that
clause is called Subordinate clause.
Ex.
Because my brother loves red car.
Because = subordinate conjunction + my
brother = subject + loves = verb.

14. 5. Sentence
 The group of words having complete sense is called
Sentence.
 A Sentence is a group of clauses, conveying a
complete meaning.
Ex.
Is this pen my.
This is my pen .

15. 5.1 Types of Sentence
I. Assertive/Statement/Declarative Sentences
II. Interrogative Sentences
III. Imperative Sentences
IV. Optative Sentences
V. Exclamatory Sentences

16. MISHRA EDUCATIONAL POINT