This document discusses nouns, verbs, adverbs, and pronouns in English. It begins with an introduction that parts of speech are important to understand in learning English. It then defines each part of speech - nouns name people, places, things; verbs describe actions or states of being; adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs; and pronouns are used in place of nouns. The document discusses the different types of each part of speech such as singular and plural nouns, transitive and intransitive verbs, adverbs of manner and time. It concludes that understanding parts of speech is essential for using English properly and suggests the author can improve with feedback.
Dalil-Dalil Syariah - Sumber-Sumber Hukum IslamAnas Wibowo
Menurut aqidah Islam, hukum yang wajib dijalankan adalah hukum syariah, yakni hukum Allah, bukan hukum buatan manusia. Karena itu, dalil yang darinya digali hukum harus qath'i/ pasti bersumber dari wahyu.
Dalil-Dalil Syariah - Sumber-Sumber Hukum IslamAnas Wibowo
Menurut aqidah Islam, hukum yang wajib dijalankan adalah hukum syariah, yakni hukum Allah, bukan hukum buatan manusia. Karena itu, dalil yang darinya digali hukum harus qath'i/ pasti bersumber dari wahyu.
Grammar is the structural foundation of our ability to express ourselves. The more we are aware of how it works, the more we can monitor the meaning and effectiveness of the way we and others use language. It can help foster precision, detect ambiguity, and exploit the richness of expression available in English. And it can help everyone--not only teachers of English, butteachers of anything, for all teaching is ultimately a matter of getting to grips with meaning.
Grammar is important because it is the language that makes it possible for us to talk about language. Grammar names the types of words and word groups that make up sentences not only in English but in any language. As human beings, we can put sentences together even as children--we can all do grammar. But to be able to talk about how sentences are built, about the types of words and word groups that make up sentences--that isknowing aboutgrammar. And knowing about grammar offers a window into the human mind and into our amazingly complex mental capacity
Students learn how to identify a part of speech, phrase, or function within a sentence, to include the following: action verbs, nouns, pronouns, subjects of verbs, compound verbs and subjects, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, prepositional phrases, objects of prepositions, compound objects of prepositions, adjective prepositional phrases, question tags, adverbial prepositional phrases,Direct and Indirect Speech, prepositional phrases between subjects and verbs, adverbs modifying adjectives and other adverbs.
The series can be further described as follows:
• Instruction is system designed based on student performance goals
• Instruction is designed for self-paced, individualized, step-by-step learning
• Pretests and posttests are provided for each module with all work automatically graded
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There are eight parts of speeches in English grammar. The classification is vital to study the written language because every parts of speech has some function in the sentence structure. This slideshow explains with examples the eight parts of speeches.
The current learning method of tenses is based on my personal experience and approach. It is a try to give new shape to the old learning materials. The notes are written and developed for the purpose to make learning of tenses easy
You have now explored in a practical way a number of different aspects of language and learning, including the difference between implicit and explicit knowledge of rules, rule discovery, the grammar of spoken and written English, phonology, and linguistic and communicative competence. I now want to turn to the significance of grammatical and communicative contexts for understanding words and grammatical structures. For example, in this unit you will study not only the grammar of the passive, but also the contexts in which it is used.
The unit begins with a look at what we can find out about a word in a dictionary and includes an activity to test your knowledge of grammar terminology. It finishes with a look at some of the reasons why words and patterns change over time and the question of what we consider to be 'correct' modern English.
Dictionaries can give teachers and learners an overall view of a word, with information about its many different aspects. So it's a good idea to get to enjoy using dictionaries. I'm therefore starting this unit with an activity to test your knowledge of what a dictionary can tell you about a word.
1. What information might a dictionary give about a word you look up (for example, its pronunciation)? Make a note of your ideas.
2. Now look up the word kneel in a dictionary and see what information is given. Summarize what you found.
Comment
1. Dictionaries can tell you about a word's:
pronunciation (including where the stress lies)
meaning(s)
word class(es)
different forms (for example past tense, plural)
usage
origin.
2. You could have found the following information about kneel:
how it is pronounced
that it is a verb
that it is intransitive (see below)
that it has alternative past tense forms: knelt or kneeled
that kneeled is used particularly in the United States
that kneel down is a phrasal verb
that it means fall or rest on the knees or a knee
that it comes from an old English word, cneowlian.
In a dictionary like Cobuild or The Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, you will also find examples showing you how the word can be used: for example, He kneels beside the girl or Lottie knelt down to pray. We are also given the -ing form of the verb and an example: The kneeling figure was Mary Darling.
Transitive and intransitive verbs
A dictionary always tells you whether a verb is transitive or intransitive, that is, whether it can be followed by an object or not.
The verb 'lost' is transitive because we can put a noun after it. The verb yawned is intransitive because we can't put a noun after it.
Active and passive sentences
Sentences in English are either active or passive. Teachers of English need to understand the grammar of each of them and to be clear under what circumstances it is appropriate to use either the passive or the active. Let's start with the grammar.
Source: https://ebookschoice.com/words-and-their-context/
Sentence, Parts of a Sentence, Subject and Predicate, Complements, Direct Object, Indirect Object, Predicate Nominative, Predicate Adjective, Basic Sentence Structure
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
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1. MAKALAH
NOUN, VERB, ADVERB, PRONOUN
Dosen pengampu:
KHOLIFUDDIN ROMA M.Pd.
Disusun oleh :
Elsa Ika Novia Andini (12215093)
Zahrotul umami (12215033)
Fitria (12215193)
Jahri (12215138)
PROGRAM STUDI MANAJEMEN BISNIS SYARIAH
FAKULTAS EKONOMI DAN BISNIS ISLAM (FEBI)
INSTITUT AGAMA ISLAM NEGERI (IAIN) PONTIANAK
TAHUN 2022
2. ii
FOREWORD
Assalamu’alaikum Warahmatullahi wabarakatuh
Thank God we pray for the presence of Allah SWT for his love and affection for
providing knowledge, abilities and opportunities to the authors so that they are able to
complete the preparation of this paper which was written as an assignment for the history
of Islamic civilization course.
The author realizes that in writing this paper there are still possible deficiencies due to
the limited ability of the compiler. For this reason, constructive input will really help the
preparation to further fix the deficiencies. We do not forget to express our gratitude to
the supervising lecturer for the history of Islamic civilization course, I hope this paper
can be useful as a work from us and for all.
Pontianak, 17 Oktober 2022
Groub 1
3. iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD ................................................................................................................................... ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................... iii
CHAPTER I .....................................................................................................................................4
OPENING.........................................................................................................................................4
A.Backgroun ...................................................................................................................................4
B.Formulation of the problem.........................................................................................................4
C.Objectives....................................................................................................................................4
CHAPTER II....................................................................................................................................5
DISCUSSION...................................................................................................................................5
A.Definition Noun ..........................................................................................................................5
B.Definition Adverb.......................................................................................................................6
C. Definition Verb...........................................................................................................................7
CHAPTER III ................................................................................................................................11
CLOSING.......................................................................................................................................11
A.Conclusion.................................................................................................................................11
B.Riticism and Suggestion............................................................................................................11
BIBLIOGRAPHY..........................................................................................................................12
4. 4
CHAPTER I
OPENING
A.Backgroun
In learning English, there are many things that must be known in advance, one
of which is the parts that are spoken or in English called Parts of Speech.This paper
will discuss about nouns (singular-plural and countable-uncountable nouns) which are
the field of study in English, because through it one can convey his meaning clearly.
The unit of language that we are familiar with before arriving at the sentence
level is the noun (noun). This form is a basic learning or basic structure that we must
learn to better understand the procedures for speaking English well and fluently. And
also with question which means question and answer or ask questions to others, even
that is also very important in using everyday English.
B.Formulation of the problem
From the background above, the following is the formulation of the problem
1. What is a noun ?
2. What is a Verb ?
3. What is a Adverb ?
4. What is a Pronoun ?
C.Objectives
From the formulation of the problem above, the following is the purpose of the
problem
1. Knowing what is a noun?
2. Knowing what is a Verb?
3. Knowing what is a Adverb?
4. Knowing what is a pronoun?
5. 5
CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
A. Definition Noun
Naons is a word used to show the name of people, objects, animals, places,
ideas, ideas, qualities, thoughts, feelings, actions, and so on. There are several types
of noun in English, including:
- Ingredient - Collective - Countless - Countable
1. Singular nouns
Is a singular noun. The difference between singular nouns and plural nouns in
English sentences needs to be considered. Because of the influence on the use of verbs,
both verb tobe, verb to have and verb . singular nouns in sentences, must use plural
nouns and must use plural verbs.
Ex:
a).These cars are expensive. (plural car uses are)
b). This car is expensive . (singular car uses is)
2. Plural nouns
Is a plural noun. In general, plural nouns are formed by adding -s or -es to the
singular.
a) By adding -s to singular nouns.
Tunggal Jamak Arti
Door Doors Pintu
Hand Hands Peringatan
School School Sekolah
3.Councrete nouns
Councrete nouns are nouns that can be tangible or seen and touched.
Ex:
gold (gold), table (table), iron (iron), etc.
4. Abstract Nouns
It is a noun that cannot be seen and touched
Ex:
wisdom (wisdom), happines (happiness), riches (wealth), life (life), friendship
(friendship).
6. 6
B. Definition Adverb
Adverb is a word or group of words that serves to explain a verb (verb). Adverbs
(adjectives) or other adverbs (adverbs other) in a sentence.
1. All kinds of adverbs
a. Adverb of manner
b. Adverb of time
c. Adverb of place
d. Adverb of certainly
e. Adverb of frequency
f. Relative adverb
g. Integrative adverb
a). Adverb of mannner
Is a statement that is used to explain how or with what an event or activity occurs
or with what an event or event occurs.
Adjektive Adverb of manner
Polite : Sopan Politely : dengan sopan
Diligent : rajin Diligently : dengan rajin
b). Adverb of time
It is a description of the time of the occurrence of a job, action or event Like.
Ex: I never know that before
1). Adverb of time that is often used.
- After words (after that, then, then). - Already (sudah)
- Before (lebih dahulu) - Now(sekarang)
2) Adverb of place
Placed after the verb and after the direct object if the sentence has an object.
Ex:
- He is reading in the class
- He is reading a book in the class
7. 7
C. Definition Verb
Verb is a word that describes an action, action, condition, or experience of
something.
Kinds of verbs:
1.Transitive verb
Is a word that requires an object or complement.
Ex:
- He killed a snake: ia membunuh seekor ular
- I help my mother: saya membantu ibu
- He has started the job: ia memulai pekerjaan
2. Intransitive verb
Intransitive verbs are verbs that do not require an object or complement.
Ex:
- Bird fly : burung terbang
- All babies sleep : semua bayi tidur
- River flow: sungai mengalir
- All babies cry : semua bayi menangis
a) regular verb
Regular verbs are verbs that change into past participle forms, which have a
rule, namely by adding the letter D or ED in the first form.
Examples of verbs ending in ED
Infinitife (V1) Past ( V2) P. Participle Arti
open opened opened membuka
cook cooked cooked memasak
ask asked asked meminta
check checked checked memeriksa
Verbs that end in the latter E, the past tense and past participle are fotmed by adding
only the ending D
8. 8
b). Irregular verb
Is a verb that does not follow the rules, or can to form the past tense and the
center of the past participle is not added ED or D.
Invinitive (V1) Past (V2) P. Participle Arti
Drink Drank Drunk minum
Draw Drew Drawn manggambar
Become Become Becam menjadi
Begin Begant Begund memulai
D. Definition Pronoun
Pronouns are words that are used to replace objects or objects, both singular and
plural (pronouns).
a) Personal Pronoun
I, she, he, you, we, day
What is meant by a personal pronoun is a pronoun as a person
b) Posseive Pronoun
Is the one who declares property.
Ex
-That is his pen -He is you
c) Reflexive Pronoun
Which says about himself. Reflexive pronouns end with self and selves.
Ex
- You go to bali your selves. - I go to campus me self.
9. 9
FIVE BASIC TENSE
1.Simple present tense
Subject + becomes (am, is, are) + object
Subject + verb + object
is the present time that is used in habits / actions that have become habits.
Ex.
( + ) he is teacher in my school
( - ) he is not a teacher in my school
( ? ) is he a teacher in my school
2. Present future tense
It is used to express something that will happen in the future.
Object + shall / will + V1 + adj noun
Ex.
( + ) sutiani will be at the 200 next month
( - ) sutiani will not be at the 200 next month
( ? ) will sutiani be at the 200 next month ?
3. Present continuous tense
Subject + to be (am, is , are,) + verb 1 ing + object
It is a form of time that is used to express a change that started and took place in the
past.
Ex.
(+) Rina and Lia are playing badminton now
( - ) Rina and Lia don't play badminton now
(?) are Rina and Lia playing badminton now?
10. 10
4. Simple past tense
An event that occurs or an act of activity, deed, work carried out in the past.
Subject + to be + ( am,is are ) + object
Subject + verb II + object
5. Present perfect tense
Explain events that have occurred in the past that are still related to the present.
Subject + have / has + been + object
Subject + have / has + verb III + object
11. 11
CHAPTER III
CLOSING
A. Conclusion
Conclusions from the material noun, adverb, verb and pronoun are words that
are often used in English. If you do not use these words, then the sentence to be used
is not in accordance with the placement of nouns, adverbs, adjectives and verbs and
pronouns have their respective functions and uses. and has several types listed above.
B. Riticism and Suggestion
With humility, the author realizes that in this paper there are still many
shortcomings. Therefore, suggestions and constructive criticism from readers, the
author hopes for the perfection of future papers.
12. 12
Bibliography
Devi Superyeti. (2016, 09 minggu). makalah tentang verb. Retrieved from Restieved from
blogspot.com.
Husnul Hidayah. (2022). makalah-bahasa-inggris-noun-adverb-verb-pronoun. Retrieved from
sumbermakalahku.blogspot.com.
Marwan y.Batalipu. (2016). Redrieved from marwanbatalipu1297. Retrieved from blogspot.com.
Tuan Jozo. (2022). Retrieved from mata-kuliah-bahasa-inggris. Retrieved from pdfcoffee.com.
