Bio diesel production from ‘ceylon ironwood’ and performance analysis in engines

1. BIO-DIESEL PRODUCTION FROM ‘MESUA FERREA’
SEED AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS IN DIESEL
ENGINE
Under the guidance of
Mr. Biswajit Shyam
Asst. prof., Dept. of Mechanical Engineering.
GIMT, Tezpur
Submitted by
Gyandeep Boruah(GIMT-T-11/079)
Kangkan Kishore Nath(GIMT-T-11/088)
Pranab Saikia(GIMT-T-11/104)
Ram Kinkor Mahanta(GIMT-T-11/112)

2. Overview
Objectives
Introduction
Methodology
Work procedure
Results
Reference

3. Objectives
• Extraction of raw oil from Mesua Ferrea seeds.
• Production of Bio-diesel using Transesterification process.
• Performance analysis of Bio-diesel blend in Diesel engine.

4. Introduction
1. Definition of Bio-Diesel
2. Need of Bio-Diesel
3. Merits of Bio-Diesel
4. Demerits of Bio-Diesel

5. 1. Definition of Bio-Diesel
Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for diesel engines that is produced by
chemically reacting a vegetable oil or animal fat with an alcohol such
as methanol in presence of a catalyst.

6. 2. Need of Bio Diesel
 Depletion of exhaustible natural resources such as fossil fuel and
petroleum products.
 There is an urgent need for suitable alternative fuels which can
minimise the use of fossil fuels.

7. 3. Merits of bio-diesel
• Provides a market for excess production of vegetable oils and animal
fats.
• Dependence on petroleum is decreased
• Produced from renewable sources
• Can be used in existing diesel engines with little or no modification
• Less greenhouse gas emissions
• Biodegradable and non-toxic

8. 4. Demerits of Bio-diesel
• Variation in quality of bio-diesel
• Not suitable for use in low temperatures
• Clogging in engine
• Slight increase in Nitrogen Oxide emissions

9. Methodology
Material selection and collection: Mesua Ferrea

10. Bio diesel production processes
 Direct use / blending
 Micro-emulsion
 Pyrolysis
 Transesterification

11. Transesterification
• Biodiesel is produced through a process known as transesterification, as shown in
the equation below
Where R1, R2, and R3 are long hydrocarbon chains, sometimes called fatty acid
chains. There are only five chains that are most common in soybean oil and animal
fats.

12. Different types of transesterification
a) Base-catalyzed transesterification
b) Acid-catalyzed transesterification
c) Enzyme-catalyzed transesterification
d) Supercritical alcohol transesterification

13. Steps of production
I. Purification
II. Neutralization
III. Mixing Alcohol and Catalyst
IV. Reaction
V. Separation
VI. Alcohol Recovery/ Removal
VII. Methyl Ester Wash

14. Fig. Process flow schematic diagram for Bio diesel production

15. Important aspects of biodiesel production
Complete reaction
Removal of glycerin
Removal of catalyst
Removal of alcohol
Absence of free fatty acid

16. Biodiesel production process
1. Collection of seeds

17. 2. Removal of the hard cover to obtain reddish-brown seeds and drying

18. 3. Removal of reddish-brown coat cover to obtain the nuts and drying

19. 4. Extraction of raw oil from the seeds

20. 5.Acid catalyzed esterification (Pretreatment)

21. 6. Based catalyzed Transesterification

22. 7. Separation, washing and heating

23. 8.Preparation of biodiesel blends
4% and 8% biodiesel blends were prepared by mixing pure
biodiesel with petro-diesel in vol/vol ratio.

24. 9. Characteristic analysis
Density
i. Density of petroleum diesel sample = 0.855gm/ml
ii. Density of biodiesel sample= 0.874gm/ml
iii. Density of 4% blended biodiesel sample = 0.857gm/ml
iv. Density of 8% blended biodiesel sample= 0.864gm/ml

25.  Viscosity
i. Viscosity of the petroleum diesel sample = 2.781 mm2/s
ii. Viscosity of the biodiesel sample = 3.800 mm2/s
 Calorific value
i. Calorific value of petroleum diesel sample = 44,800 KJ/Kg
ii. Calorific value of Raw oil of Mesua Ferrea seeds = 39,741.85
KJ/Kg
iii. Calorific value of biodiesel sample = 40123.61 KJ/Kg
iv. Calorific value of 4% blended biodiesel sample = 44,612.94 KJ/Kg
v. Calorific value of 8% blended biodiesel sample = 44,425.88 KJ/Kg

26.  NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) analysis

27. 10.Performance analysis in diesel engine

28. Engine Specifications
Product: Engine test setup 4 cylinder, 4 stroke, Diesel (computerized)
Product code: 228
Engine : Make Telco, Model Tata Indica, Type 4 Cylinder, 4 Stroke,
Diesel water cooled, Power 39 kw at 5000 rpm, Torque 85 NM at
2500 rpm, stroke 79.5 mm, bore 75 mm, 1405 cc, CR22
Dynamometer: Type eddy current, water cooled, with loading unit
Propeller shaft: With universal joints
Fuel tank: Capacity 15 lit with glass fuel metering column

29. Engine testing procedure
• Ensure cooling water circulation for eddy current dynamometer and
piezo sensor.
• Start the set up and run the engine at no load for 4-5 minutes.
• Switch on the computer and run “Enginesoft”
• Gradually increase throttle to full open condition and load the engine
simantaneously maintaining engine speed at 5000 rpm.
• Wait for steady state (for 3 minutes) and log the data in the
“Enginesoft ”.
• Results are recorded in already installed software attached with the
engine.

30.  Results
1. Indicated power vs. engine speed
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500
INDICATEDPOWER(KW)
SPEED(RPM)
Diesel
B4
B8

31. 2. Brake power vs. Speed
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500
BRAKEPOWER(KW)
SPEED(RPM)
Diesel
B4
B8

32. 3.Brake thermal efficiency vs. Speed
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500
BRAKETHERMALEFFICIENCY(%)
SPEED(RPM)
Diesel
B4
B8

33. 4. Indicated thermal efficiency vs. Speed
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500
INDICATEDTHERMALEFFICIENCY(%)
SPEED(RPM)
Diesel
B4
B8

34. 5.Mechanical efficiency vs. Speed
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500
MECHANICALEFFICIENCY(%)
SPEED(RPM)
Diesel
B4
B8

35. 6. Volumetric efficiency vs. Speed
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500
VOLUMETRICEFFICIENCY(%)
SPEED(RPM)
Diesel
B4
B8

36. Conclusion
Mesua Ferrea seed has an important role as the feedstock for
biodiesel specially in North-Eastern region of India.
The physical and chemical properties were found to be within the
standards set by ASTM.
The performance of blended fuel in diesel engine were found to be
almost same and sometimes better than that of petro-diesel.

37. References
1. Devanesan Ganesan, Aravindan Rajendran , Viruthagiri Thangavelu, An overview on the recent advances,
Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009
2. Jon Van Gerpen, Biodiesel processing and production, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA.
3. B. Ghobadian, H. Rahimi, A. M. Nikbakht, G. Najafi and T F Yusaf , Diesel engine performance and
exhaust emission analysis using waste cooking biodiesel fuel with an artificial neural network, Tarbiat
Modares University, Tehran - Iran P.O.Box:14115-111 University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba,
4350 QLD, Australia
4. Bryan R. Moser, Biodiesel production, properties, and feedstocks, In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.—Plant (2009)
45:229–266DOI 10.1007/s11627-009-9204-z.
5. Dominik Rutz & Rainer Janssen, Bio Fuel Technology Handbook(2007), WIP Renewable Energies,
Sylvensteinstr. 2 ,81369 Munchen Germeny.
6. Ayhan Demirbas, Progress and recent trends in biofuels, Department of Chemical Engineering, Selcuk
University, Campus, 42031 Konya, Turkey.
7. Ayhan Demirbas, Biodiesel, A Realistic Fuel Alternative for Diesel Engines, Springer Publication.
8. Sandra Rintoul, Portable IR Analyzers: The Ideal Measurement Solution for Biofuels Blend Quality and
Wastewater Testing by Sandra Rintoul,American Laboratory, Online edition, April’09.

38. THANK YOU