2. SPAN OF CONTROL:
Span of control is defined as the number of employees a
manager can effectively manage.
If span of control increases, it reduces the operational cost of an
organization.
But sometimes, wider the span lesser will be the effectiveness
of control.
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT
3. DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY:
Delegation is the process of granting authority or right to
decision making in certain defined areas and charging the
subordinate with responsibility for carrying through assigned
task.
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT
4. DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY:
It is common knowledge that there is a limit to the number of
subordinates a superior can effectively manage, however
talented he may be.
Once a man’s job grows beyond his personal ability, he succeeds
when he delegates his authority.
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT
6. Process of Delegation:
1. Sizing up the work:
Superior has to assess his/her workload in terms of activities
and task to be assigned to him/her and result expected of him.
He/she should analyze which part of work has to be
delegated.
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT
7. Process of Delegation:
2. Assignment of duties to subordinates:
Subordinates must explained about the nature of work,
limitation of authority, target expected.
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT
8. Process of Delegation:
3. Granting of authority to perform duty:
In this process official authority will be given to the
subordinate.
Work force below the delegate will be instructed to follow the
commands of delegate.
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT
9. Process of Delegation:
4. Creation of obligation:
Delegate will be taking in charge.
He/she will be responsible for all the activities performed.
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT
10. Advantages of Delegation:
Reduction of executive burden.
Facility of expansion / multiplicity of skill.
Efficient running of branch organizations.
Identification of talents.
Disadvantages of delegation:
Dependence on managers.
Failure in completion of duty, due to lack of skill.
Conflict among workers.
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT
11. CENTRALIZATION:
Centralization is the reservation of authority at a central point
within the organization.
Role of subordinates becomes insignificant in this case.
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT
12. Advantages of Centralization:
Facilitates greater uniformity.
Lowers operating cost.
Enhances coordination.
Disadvantages of Centralization:
Individual initiative destroyed.
Overburden with routine functions.
Communication gap with lower units.
Keeps the customer away.
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT
13. DECENTRALIZATION:
Dispersal of decision making authority down to the level
where work is to be performed.
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT
14. Characteristics of decentralization:
Reflects the management’s attitude and philosophy.
Managerial skills need to be developed among employees.
Number of decisions must be made by lower level of management.
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT
15. Advantages of decentralization:
Facilitates diversification.
Higher motivation for employees.
Ensures effective control.
Minimizes risk.
Development of management.
Disadvantages of decentralization:
May increase operational cost.
Conflict among same level of employees.
Lack of communication.
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT
16. DECENTRALIZATION vs DELEGATION:
1. Definition:
Delegation is entrustment of authority from one to another.
Decentralization is organization wide delegation between top
managements and departments.
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT
17. DECENTRALIZATION vs DELEGATION:
2. Essentiality:
Delegation is mandatory for an organization.
Decentralization is optional.
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT
18. DECENTRALIZATION vs DELEGATION:
3. Range of control:
In delegation of authority, top authority will expose maximum
control over delegates in delegation.
In decentralization, top authority may exercise minimum
control.
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT