An overview of organizational relationships.

2. Chain of Command
the line of authority and the
responsibility that flows throughout the
organization.

3. Unity of Command Principle
each employee is accountable to only
one supervisor.
Scalar Principle
A clear chain of command brings the
management to its focus.

4. Span of Control
number of employees that a manager
handles.
Tall Structure -narrow span of control
Flat Structure -wide span of control

5. Tall Structure
Flat Structure

6. Tall Structure Flat Structure
Advantages
 fewer subordinates to
supervise
 less likely to be
overcommitted and
overburdened
 more time for analyzing
situations, making effective
decisions and executing
actions
 more effective managers
 facilitate decentralized
decision making,
participatory
management and
responsiveness to
challenges
 more effective employee
development
Disadvantages
 long chain of command
 ineffective in changes
 wider span of control
 greater demands in direct
supervision
 managers feel hassled,
frustrated and incapable of
coping effectively with
work
 greater initiative on the part
of the individual employees

7. Line and Staff
Responsibilities
 Line Personnel –deliver products and
services
 Staff Personnel –provide support

8. Delegation
process of giving authority to subordinates
to act and make decisions in an assigned
task

9. Process
Assigning Responsibility
Responsibility -an obligation of the employee
to complete the given task.
Granting Authority
Authority -formal right of an employee to
gather resources and make necessary
decisions
Establishing Accountability
Accountability -expectation that each
employee will accept credit or blame for his
or her work.

10. Benefits
Group
-more
involved
and
empowered
workforce
Employees
-analytical
and problem-solving
skill
development
Manager
-magnify
accomplish-ments

11. Reasons for Failing to Delegate
It takes more time
to explain the task
than doing it.
I might be
outshined if the
employee did
the job well.
An
employee’s
mistake could
be costly
Employees lack in
experience.

12. Learning to Delegate Effectively
Match the employee to the task.
Managers must clarify instructions.
Transfer authority and accountability.
Choose the level of delegation
carefully.