This presentation discusses about leadership theories in Principles of Management

1. LEADERSHIP THEORIES
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT

2. EARLY LEADERSHIP THEORIES:
 The early leadership theories focused on leader and interaction
of leader with group members.
1. Trait theories
2. Behavioral theories
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT

3. EARLY LEADERSHIP THEORIES:
1. Trait theories:
 Research focused on identifying personal characteristics that
differentiated leaders from non-leaders was unsuccessful.
 Later research on the leadership process identified seven traits
associated with successful leadership.
 Drive, the desire to lead, honesty and integrity, self-confidence,
intelligence, job-relevant knowledge, and extraversion.
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT

4. EARLY LEADERSHIP THEORIES:
1. Trait theories:
 Drive
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT

5. EARLY LEADERSHIP THEORIES:
1. Trait theories:
 Desire to lead
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT

6. EARLY LEADERSHIP THEORIES:
1. Trait theories:
 Honesty and integrity
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT

7. EARLY LEADERSHIP THEORIES:
1. Trait theories:
 Self confidence
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT

8. EARLY LEADERSHIP THEORIES:
1. Trait theories:
 Intelligence
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT

9. EARLY LEADERSHIP THEORIES:
1. Trait theories:
 Job relevant skills
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT

10. EARLY LEADERSHIP THEORIES:
1. Trait theories:
 Extraversion
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT

11. EARLY LEADERSHIP THEORIES:
2. Behavioral theories:
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT

12. EARLY LEADERSHIP THEORIES:
2. Behavioral theories:
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT

13. EARLY LEADERSHIP THEORIES:
2. Behavioral theories:
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT

14. CONTINGENCY LEADERSHIP THEORIES:
1. Fiedler Model:
 Proposed that effective group performance depended on properly
matching leader’s style and situation.
 Fiedler developed Least – Preferred Coworker (LPC)
questionnaire.
 On the basis of 18 pairs of contrasting adjectives respondents were
asked to rate their leader on the scale between 1 to 8.
 Relationship oriented – if he/she scores 64 or above.
 Task oriented – if he/she or scores 57 or less.
 Leaders can’t change their style based on situation.
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT

15. CONTINGENCY LEADERSHIP THEORIES:
1. Fiedler Model:
Unfriendly 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Friendly
Unpleasant 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Pleasant
Rejecting 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Accepting
Tense 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Relaxed
Cold 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Warm
Boring 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Interesting
Backbiting 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Loyal
Uncooperative 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Cooperative
Hostile 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Supportive
Guarded 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Open
Insincere 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Sincere
Unkind 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Kind
Inconsiderate 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Considerate
Untrustworthy 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Trustworthy
Gloomy 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Cheerful
Quarrelsome 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Harmonious
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT

16. CONTINGENCY LEADERSHIP THEORIES:
1. Fiedler Model:
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT

17. CONTINGENCY LEADERSHIP THEORIES:
2. Hersey and Blanchard’s Situational Leadership Theory:
 Successful leadership depends on followers’ readiness.
 Acceptance: leadership effectiveness depends on whether
followers accept or reject a leader.
 Readiness: the extent to which followers have the ability and
willingness to accomplish a specific task.
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT

18. CONTINGENCY LEADERSHIP THEORIES:
2. Hersey and Blanchard’s Situational Leadership Theory:
Leadership Styles:
1. Telling: high task-low relationship leadership
2. Selling: high task-high relationship leadership
3. Participating: low task-high relationship leadership
4. Delegating: low task-low relationship leadership
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT

19. CONTINGENCY LEADERSHIP THEORIES:
2. Hersey and Blanchard’s Situational Leadership Theory:
Stages of followers readiness:
1. R1: followers are unable and unwilling
2. R2: followers are unable but willing
3. R3: followers are able but unwilling
4. R4: followers are able and willing
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT

20. CONTINGENCY LEADERSHIP THEORIES:
3. Path – goal theory:
 Most respected approach, proposed by Robert House.
 States that leader’s job is to assist followers and to guide the
pathway for them.
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT

21. CONTINGENCY LEADERSHIP THEORIES:
3. Path – goal theory:
Four leadership behaviors are:
1. Directive leader: Gives guidance, make subordinates to understand
what is expected.
2. Supportive leader: Shows concern for subordinates needs.
3. Participative leader: Consults with subordinates before decision
making.
4. Achievement oriented leader: Sets challenging goals and extract
work from subordinates.
Note: Assumed that leadership styles are flexible.
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT

22. CONTINGENCY LEADERSHIP THEORIES:
3. Path – goal theory:
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT

23. CONTINGENCY LEADERSHIP THEORIES:
3. Path – goal theory:
R.ArunKumar,AP/Mech,RIT