I Mr. Omkar B. Tipugade, Assistant Professor, Genesis Institute of Pharmacy, Radhanagari. This chapter notes as written as per MSBTE syllabus. Read all notes carefully and all the best for exam and future.

1. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED
DISEASE
Health Education and Community Pharmacy
Mr. Omkar B. Tipugade
M-Pharm (Pharmaceutics)
Assistant Professor
Genesis Institute of Pharmacy, Radhanagari.
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2. AGENDA:
 What is mean by Sexually transmitted disease
 Causative agent, mode of transmission, treatment of
i. Syphilis
ii. Gonorrhea
iii. AIDS
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3. WHAT IS MEAN BY SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED
DISEASE ?
 STD’s are infections that are spread from person to person through intimate
sexual contact.
 STD’s are dangerous because they are easily spread and it is hard to tell just by
looking has an STD’s.
 1 in 4 teenagers has an STD. (Western Statistics)
 STD’s are disease and infections which are capable of being spread from
person to person through:
- sexual intercourse
- oral-genital contact or in non-sexual ways.
- IV drug
- congenitally transmitted.
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4. COMMON STI’S:
- Chlamydia
- Gonorrhea
- Genital herpes
- Genital Warts
- Hepatitis B
- HIV and AIDS
- Pubic Lice
- Syphilis
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5. SYPHILIS
 Syphilis is a systemic , sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by the
Treponema pallidum bacterium.
 Mode of Transmission:
Syphilis is an infection of man only. Hence man is the only source of
infection. It can be transmitted by having sexual contact with a person having
syphilis.
- by kissing or during examination of patient.
- Person to person via vaginal , anal or oral sex through direct contact
with a syphilis chancre.
- person to person during foreplay, even when there is no penetrative sex.
- pregnant mother with syphilis to fetus.
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6.  Incubation period: 10 – 50 days.
 Sign and symptoms:
First stage:
- chancre: look like a pimple, a blister or an open sore.
- in male ,chancre occurs on the penis.
- in female, it is seen on the vulva, vault of the vagina or on the vaginal
portion of the cervix.
- less commonly on the lips, fingers, anus or mouth.
Secondary stage:
- infection further spread.
- enters the cerebrospinal fluid in the CNS.
Tertiary stage:
- infection produce bones changes, liver damage and destructive changes
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7. in the CNS and cardiovascular system. In cardiovascular syphilis, the
myocardium, the coronary arteries, cerebral arteries and large arteries arising
from the aorta are affected .
 Prevention:
- avoidance of sexual contact with diseased individual.
- use physical barriers and antiseptics.
- prompt and adequate treatment of all new cases.
- follow up on source of infection and contact so as to get them cured.
 Treatment:
- benzathine penicillin G 2.4 million units intramuscularly once.
- procaine penicillin 600000 units intramuscularly daily doe 10days.
- if the patient is unable to take penicillin , the give tetracycline or
erythromycin 500mg 4 times a day by mouth or doxycycline 100mg x2 for 15
days.
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8. - Ceftriaxone , 2gm qd IM/IV for 10-14 days is a new alternative
treatment and is effective specially in neurosyphilis.
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9. GONORRHOEA
 Causative agent: Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
 Mode of transmission:
- man is only victim of the organism.
- by sexual intercourse with a person having asymptomatic infection.
- non-genital transmission of the disease may occur in the case of new
borns.
 Incubation period: 3-4 days
 Sign and symptoms:
- first sign of gonorrhoea begin after 2-5 days after the sexual intercourse
with a infected person.
- lumen of the urethra filled with pus.
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10. - pain during urination, difficult urination, fever and pus from penis.
- self infection of eye
- a thick yellow purulent discharge from the anterior urethra appears.
- in men, a hard and tender swelling appears in one knee or other joints.
Prevention and treatments:
- antibiotics
- e.g procaine penicillin or benzathine penicillin G by IM route.
- other like streptomycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol or
oleandomycin.
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11. AIDS
 Long form: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.
-HIV causes AIDS and interferes with the body's ability to fight
infections.
 Causative agent: HIV ( Human Immunodeficiency Virus )
 Mode of transmission:
- through sexual contact in both, homosexual and heterosexual.
- through the transfer of blood, blood product or other body fluid.
- through the donation of tissue and organ.
- through certain infection and/or injuries
- from infected mother to baby, about half the number of babies born to
infected born to infected mothers are infected with HIV virus.
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12.  Symptoms:
i. Weight loss
ii. Chronic diarrhea
iii. Prolonged fever
iv. Persistent cough
v. Generalized pruritic dermatitis.
vi .Recurrent herpes zoster infection.
vii. Oropharyngeal candidiasis.
viii. Generalized lymphodenopathy
viii. Kaposi ’ ssarcoma ,meningitis
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13.  Prevention:
i) Sexual contact
- Consistent condom use reduces the risk of HIV transmission by
approximately 80% over the long term. When condoms are used consistently by a
couple in which one person is infected, the rate of HIV infection is less than 1%
per year.
ii) Pre-exposure
- Antiretroviral treatment among people with HIV whose CD4 count ≤
550 cells/µL is a very effective way to prevent HIV infection of their partner.
- pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with a daily dose of the
medications tenofovir.
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14. iii) Post-exposure
- A course of antiretrovirals administered within 48 to 72 hours after
exposure to HIV-positive blood or genital secretions is referred to as post-
exposure prophylaxis (PEP). The use of the single agent zidovudine reduces the
risk of a HIV infection five-fold following a needle-stick injury.
iv) Mother-to-child
- This primarily involves the use of a combination of antiviral
medications during pregnancy and after birth in the infant, and potentially
includes bottle feeding rather than breastfeeding.
v) Screening of blood before transfusion
vi) Use of disposable syringes for injection
vii) Avoid indulgence in multiple sex partners, avoid oral , anal sex. 14

15. viii) Use of condom.
ix) Health Education.
 Treatment:
AIDS patients with pneumocystis carinii infection,
- Cotrimoxazole is given orally.
- Pentamidine i.m. or i.v. route 4mg/kg body weight per day.
- Pyrimethamine (25mg/day) and sulfadiazine (2g per day)
- Folinic acid
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16. Thanking You.
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