sexually transmitted diseases, HIV, and syphilis introduction, causative agent, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatments and role of pharmacists.

1. Std, hiv/aids & syphilis
Presented By
Ms. Monika P. Maske
Assistant Professor
M. Pharm
(Pharmaceutical Chemistry)
Ms. M. P. Maske 1

2. Introduction
• STDs refer to variety of clinical syndrome and infection caused by pathogens that
can be acquired and transmitted through sexual activity.
Ex. STDs include AIDS, syphilis, gonorrhoea, hepatitis B, scabies, etc.
Ms. M. P. Maske 2

3. Syphilis
• Syphilis is sexually transmitted disease and its not common as other STIs.
• Untreated causes very serious health problem in both males and females.
• Types of syphilis are:
1. Congenital syphilis :- Infected mother transmit the disease to her infants.
2. Acquired syphilis :- Sex partner or transfusion of infected blood.
Ms. M. P. Maske 3

4. • Causative agent: Treponema pallidum.
Epidemiology :
• Source of infection : Contact with infected person during intercourse, from minor
cuts bacteria enters to the body.
• Contagious period : 10 days – 3 months.
• Age and Sex : Females of 20-24 age group affected more than males.
• Incubation period : 21 days.
• Nutrition : Honey, garlic, wheat, green vegetables, nuts, etc add to diet it helps to
boost immunity.
Ms. M. P. Maske 4

5. • Mode of Transmission : Transmitted to contact with direct mucous membrane,
sexual intercourse with infected person and blood transfusion.
Clinical transmission : -
• Primary stage : Most infectious stage, for 1-5 weeks fever, round, painless.
• Secondary stage : 1-6 weeks, body rashes, mucus patches, rashes, hair loss,
condylomata lata (multiple, painful, odourless lesions near moist area).
• Tertiary stage : Organ damage such as liver, heart, bones, etc.
Ms. M. P. Maske 5

6. • On the basis of symptoms and duration of infection it divided into:
1. Early syphilis :-
a. Primary stage – Characterised by ulcer, infection at the site.
b. Secondary stage - Characterised by skin rashes, painless, lesions.
c. Early latent stage - Characterised by infection of less than 2 years.
2. Late syphilis :-
It associated with neurological, CVS syphilis.
Ms. M. P. Maske 6

7. • Diagnosis : Blood test, serological tests and swab test.
• Treatments : Penicillin, antibiotics, doxycycline, tetracycline, azithromycin.
Role of pharmacist for prevention in public :-
• Detect case and tracing contacts.
• Treating with drugs like benzathine penicillin.
• Avoiding multiple sexual contact.
• Using contraceptive during intercourse.
• Provide health education.
Ms. M. P. Maske 7

8. Gonorrhoea
• Its affects the genitourinary tract.
• Causative agent: Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Epidemiology :
• Source of infection : Contact with infected person during intercourse including
oral, vaginal intercourse.
• Contagious period : Up to 30 days.
• Age and Sex : Both the age groups affected.
• Incubation period : 2 to 5 days.
Ms. M. P. Maske 8

9. • Mode of Transmission : Sexual intercourse, accidental transmission and mother to child.
• Clinical transmission : -
• In Females- Increased vaginal discharge, disturbed menstral cycle, dysuria (painful
urination) and vaginal bleeding after intercase.
• In Males- Dysuria, urethral discharge yellowish or white from tip of penis and rectal
pain, constipation, bleeding.
• Diagnosis : Physical examination, discharge test, vaginal, urethral, urine test, swab,
NAAT (nucleic acid amplification test).
• Treatment : Antibiotic, azithromycin, Gemifloxacin, penicillin, procaine and injectable
gentamicin.
Ms. M. P. Maske 9

10. Role of pharmacist for prevention in public :-
• Detect case and tracing contacts.
• Screening of army person, industrial worker, blood doners, etc.
• Education on STDs.
• Treating with penicillin, procaine.
Ms. M. P. Maske 10

11. HIV/AIDS
• AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is a condition characterised by group
of sign and symptoms occurring together results decreased immune system, caused by
HIV.
• Causative agent: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) belongs to family
Retroviridae.
Epidemiology :
• Source of infection : HIV patients and carriers are the source of infection.
Ms. M. P. Maske 11

12. • Infective material : Blood, semen of infected people.
• Age : Sexually active persons of age 20-49 are mostly infected.
• Immunity : Man has no natural immunity.
• Incubation period : 6 years or more.
• Mode of Transmission : Unprotected sexual intercourse, blood transfusion,
broken skin, infected needle, breastfeeding, mother to child.
Ms. M. P. Maske 12

13. Clinical presentation :
• Tumours, pneumonia, TB, skin tumours, meningitis, chronic diarrhoea.
• Diagnosis : ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoassay) test, lab test, antigen/antibody
test, blood test, swab test, PCR.
• Treatment : Cotrimoxazole, dapsone, isoniazid, vitamin B6, zidovudine,
stavudine.
Ms. M. P. Maske 13

14. Role of pharmacist for prevention in public :-
• Educate about the HIV/AIDS.
• Ensure weather patients are taking complete and proper treatment.
• Management of HIV diseases state complication.
• Social services and HIV infection.
• Prevention of HIV.
• Educate about treatment and preventions.
Ms. M. P. Maske 14

15. Thank You
Ms. M. P. Maske 15