1) Four students at the Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences & Technology are investigating the co-pyrolysis of polyethylene plastic waste and livestock manure. 2) Pakistan produces a large amount of plastic waste each year that requires proper disposal. Co-pyrolysis of plastic and manure could provide energy while reducing two significant waste streams. 3) The goals of the project are to produce combustible gas, liquid fuels, biochar and reduce the environmental impacts of plastic waste in Pakistan through an energy-efficient process.

1. GHULAM ISHAQ KHAN INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & TECHNOLOGY
Co-Pyrolysis of Polyethylene
and Manure
Advisor Name: Engr. Imran Abbas
Co-Advisor Name: Dr. Javaid Rabbani Khan
NAYYER AHMED, 2017361
SAMNAN WAHEED, 2017410
USAMA MUSHTAQ, 2017487
UBAID KHALID, 2017517
Department of Chemical Engineering

2. 2
Introduction/Literature Review
● The need for waste disposal methods
which can be appropriate or ideal.
● Initial thought process.
● Focus on selecting a project that
achieves multiple benefits alongside the
main purpose.
● Pyrolysis of Plastics(plastic pollution in
Pakistan) for disposal.
● Energy Contribution through
pyrolysis.(Combustible gas and useful
liquid products)
● Polyethylene as Plastic.
● Discovering the possibility of co-
pyrolysis.
● Manure due to feasibility and benefits.
K2 Mountain
8,611m
Plastic Waste
16,500m
EQUAL TO TWO K2s!
We produce 3.3 million tons/year
of plastic waste in Pakistan!

3. Importance of Work/Motivation
How Waste to Energy Works
3
Plastic waste in form of
polyethylene
6.41 million tons of
plastic waste
36.4% of total waste
Single use plastic
bags.
Livestock population
about 167 million
Feasible locations
Biochar and biogas
benefits
Tackling two main
problems with one
solution
GREEN PAKISTAN!

4. Current State Desired Future
State
Gaps Remedies
Production of fuel oils and combustible
gas Obsolete Recognizable
Heavy dependence on
imported energy sources
Co-pyrolysis of polyethylene
and manure
Reduction in plastic waste High Reduced
Raw material for multiple
household and daily-life
practical products
Plastic waste is
decomposed into useful
products hence minimizing
loss
Energy Efficiency High Activation Energy/
Incineration
Low Activation
Energy/Useful Energy
The process has not been
sustainable for plastics solely
Addition of manure and
optimum mixture
Utilisation of Manure
Very Low High Lack of innovation
Manure is part of the
mixture of co-pyrolysis
feedstock
Saves cost of waste plastic treatment as
the waste disposal itself becomes an
investment for the products you get
through the procedure
Materials Wasted Materials used as base
for new products
Lack of methods
accommodating reuse
Reusing the materials to get
maximum output rather than
promoting shear wastage.
4
GAP ANALYSIS AND DEFINED OBJECTIVES

5. 5
Commercialisation Possibilities & Social Impact
Production of
combustible gas and
liquid fuels
Less toxic fumigants
Reduction of plastic
disposal into
environment
Production of biochar
Biochar as a climate
change solution
Biochar improves soil
quality and reduces soil
contamination
Energetically
sustainable
Surplus energy
production

6. Expected outcomes
● Overall decrease in
fuel imports.
● Reduction of
pollution.
● Green Pakistan.
● Useful byproducts.
Execution Plan
6

7. ● Anene, A. F., Fredriksen, S. B., Sætre, K. A., & Tokheim, L. A. (2018). Experimental study of
thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of plastic waste components. Sustainability (Switzerland), 10(11), 1–
11. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10113979
● Fekhar, B., Miskolczi, N., Bhaskar, T., Kumar, J., & Dhyani, V. (2018). Co-pyrolysis of biomass and
plastic wastes: Investigation of apparent kinetic parameters and stability of pyrolysis oils. IOP
Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 154(1), 0–7. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-
1315/154/1/012022
● Meng, J., Liang, S., Tao, M., Liu, X., Brookes, P. C., & Xu, J. (2018). Chemical speciation and risk
assessment of Cu and Zn in biochars derived from co-pyrolysis of pig manure with rice straw.
Chemosphere, 200, 344–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.138
● Ro, K. S., Hunt, P. G., Jackson, M. A., Compton, D. L., Yates, S. R., Cantrell, K., & Chang, S. C.
(2014). Co-pyrolysis of swine manure with agricultural plastic waste: Laboratory-scale study. Waste
Management, 34(8), 1520–1528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2014.04.001
7
References

8. ● Uzoejinwa, B. B., He, X., Wang, S., El-Fatah Abomohra, A., Hu, Y., & Wang, Q. (2018). Co-pyrolysis
of biomass and waste plastics as a thermochemical conversion technology for high-grade biofuel
production: Recent progress and future directions elsewhere worldwide. Energy Conversion and
Management, 163(January), 468–492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.02.004
● Van Beilen, N. D. (2016). Commercialization of Biochar and the Benefits for Climate Change and
Agriculture. Inquiries Journal, 8(12). https://www.inquiriesjournal.com/a?id=1509