Background/Objectives: Green house gas emissions are the main problem in the present scenario. The amount of Green house gas emissions are increasing and CO2 one of the greenhouse gas which effects the environment and leads to global warming. Methods/Statistical Analysis: This paper deals with the alternate materials for the cement which is a green concrete (GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE) and it reduces the emission of CO2. Fly ash is a byproduct of thermal industry which is converted into useful material. This Geo polymer concrete is a mixture of various components like sodium silicate and its hydroxide form along with other products like metakolin in addition to fly ash. Findings: The strength of geo polymer concrete is increased with molarity of NaOH. The 20 molarity is used in this paper. The reaction of alumina, silica present in flyash with alkalin base results in aluminosilicate which acts as a binder useful in high quality of green concret. In this paper different tests are conducted to find properties which include strength (flexural, split tensile as well as compressive) for 3, 7and 28 days for 20M. Applications/Improvements: This study helps in gaining knowledge about the morophological composition of concrete which might result in path-breaking trends in construction industry.
IRJET - Application of Geopolymer Concrete in Construction of Green BuildingIRJET Journal
1. The document discusses the use of geopolymer concrete as a more sustainable alternative to traditional Portland cement concrete for building construction. Geopolymer concrete is made from industrial byproducts like fly ash and rice husk ash activated by alkaline solutions, thereby reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
2. The study aims to produce geopolymer concrete using fly ash and rice husk ash as binder materials, with M25 grade mix design. Specimens will be tested for compressive strength at 14 and 28 days of curing at ambient temperature.
3. Literature reviewed suggests geopolymer concrete can successfully utilize industrial waste, reduce cement usage and CO2 emissions, while achieving comparable or improved mechanical properties over Portland cement concrete
Study on Characteristics of Geopolymer Concrete with E-WasteIOSRJMCE
The usage of industrial by-products in construction industry can be reduced the pollution effects on environment. Geopolymer concrete is a concrete in which Portland cement is fully replaced by fly ash and GGBS (Ground granulated blast furnace slag). The present study covers the use of E-Waste as partial replacement of fine aggregate in Geopolymer concrete. Sand is replaced with E-Waste at 10, 20 and 30 percentage.Alkaline liquids used in this study are the solutions of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3). Molarity of sodium hydroxide (12M) is considered. Fly ash and GGBS were used in the combination of 90 and 10 percent respectively. This study conducted to know the compressive and tensile strengths of Geopolymer concrete with E-waste and to compare the same with Geopolymer concrete. It has been revealed that 20 percentage replacement with E-Waste attained higher strength than the normal Geopolymer concrete of M40 grade
Green Concrete for better Sustainable EnvironmentIRJET Journal
This document discusses green concrete as an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional concrete. Green concrete incorporates waste materials as partial replacements for cement, aggregates, or other components. It aims to reduce the environmental impact of concrete production by using industrial byproducts that would otherwise be disposed of as waste.
The document provides background on the environmental effects of traditional concrete production, which emits large amounts of carbon dioxide. It then defines green concrete and outlines some of its potential benefits like lower production costs, energy usage, and emissions. Several studies on green concrete using replacements like fly ash and blast furnace slag are summarized. Tables compare the properties of natural and recycled aggregates used in green concrete mixes. The experimental materials and mix designs used in the studies
IRJET- Characteristic Development of Geopolymer Mortar with Agro-Hybrid FibresIRJET Journal
This document discusses the development and testing of geopolymer mortar made with agro-hybrid fibers. Geopolymer mortar is made from fly ash and an alkaline activator instead of Portland cement. The document tests different ratios of activator solution to fly ash. It finds that higher curing temperatures and times increase compressive strength. Specimens with agro-hybrid fibers were also tested and compared to those without fibers to analyze the effect on crack propagation. The goal is to create a sustainable mortar using industrial waste materials like fly ash.
IRJET - Material Characteristics of Geopolymer Concrete Incorporated with Fl...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on geopolymer concrete that incorporates fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). The main points are:
1) The mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete, such as compressive strength, are enhanced by increasing the amount of GGBS. Incorporating 5% steel fibers also increased strength.
2) Geopolymer concrete can reduce air pollution by eliminating carbon dioxide emissions from cement production. It provides an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional Portland cement concrete.
3) Previous studies show that geopolymer concrete made from fly ash and GGBS has high compressive strength and is suitable for precast construction applications. The addition of steel slag further
This document discusses the use of waste materials to produce eco-friendly bricks for green manufacturing. It describes methods used to create bricks from fly ash, paper industry byproducts, mine tailings, and other wastes. These alternative bricks offer benefits like lower emissions, costs, and impacts compared to traditional clay bricks. The document outlines several brick production processes and provides examples of waste-based bricks being used in construction in countries like India, Egypt, and Spain. It concludes that using post-consumer and post-industrial waste materials to make bricks can support more sustainable building practices.
IRJET- Alkaline Activation of Fly Ash: An OverviewIRJET Journal
This document discusses the alkaline activation of fly ash to enhance its properties for construction applications. Fly ash is a byproduct of coal combustion in power plants and large quantities are produced worldwide. Alkaline activation can improve properties like strength, durability, and reduce environmental impacts. The document reviews various activation techniques including mechanical, chemical and thermal methods. It finds that activation enhances properties and allows more uses of fly ash in construction materials as an alternative to Portland cement, helping reduce costs and CO2 emissions.
Providing the Sustainability with the Pozzuolana Concrete Used in FoundationZuhal Şimşek
To provide concrete industry and sustainability development, the amount of cement which releases harmfull gases
and wastes while being produced should be reduced. Because using less cement than the amount which is gained
as a result of mixture calculation cannot provide necessary performance in the point of resistance, it should be
predicated that using the materials which are appraised by changing places with the concrete which has
connective quality to provide sustainability. In this study it is aimed to increase the strength by providing
impermeability of underground building elements and to provide resistance by the puzzlans which are added in
the mixture of concrete by changing places for sustainable environment. To prove impermeability for sustainable
environment, a certain percentage of pozzuolanas added to the concrete mix by switching through cement.
Permeability of pressure water, capillarity and compressive strength evaluation tests were carried out.on
concrete specimens with pozzuolana additive.
Keywords: Foundation, building material, water isolation, sustainability
IRJET - Application of Geopolymer Concrete in Construction of Green BuildingIRJET Journal
1. The document discusses the use of geopolymer concrete as a more sustainable alternative to traditional Portland cement concrete for building construction. Geopolymer concrete is made from industrial byproducts like fly ash and rice husk ash activated by alkaline solutions, thereby reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
2. The study aims to produce geopolymer concrete using fly ash and rice husk ash as binder materials, with M25 grade mix design. Specimens will be tested for compressive strength at 14 and 28 days of curing at ambient temperature.
3. Literature reviewed suggests geopolymer concrete can successfully utilize industrial waste, reduce cement usage and CO2 emissions, while achieving comparable or improved mechanical properties over Portland cement concrete
Study on Characteristics of Geopolymer Concrete with E-WasteIOSRJMCE
The usage of industrial by-products in construction industry can be reduced the pollution effects on environment. Geopolymer concrete is a concrete in which Portland cement is fully replaced by fly ash and GGBS (Ground granulated blast furnace slag). The present study covers the use of E-Waste as partial replacement of fine aggregate in Geopolymer concrete. Sand is replaced with E-Waste at 10, 20 and 30 percentage.Alkaline liquids used in this study are the solutions of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3). Molarity of sodium hydroxide (12M) is considered. Fly ash and GGBS were used in the combination of 90 and 10 percent respectively. This study conducted to know the compressive and tensile strengths of Geopolymer concrete with E-waste and to compare the same with Geopolymer concrete. It has been revealed that 20 percentage replacement with E-Waste attained higher strength than the normal Geopolymer concrete of M40 grade
Green Concrete for better Sustainable EnvironmentIRJET Journal
This document discusses green concrete as an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional concrete. Green concrete incorporates waste materials as partial replacements for cement, aggregates, or other components. It aims to reduce the environmental impact of concrete production by using industrial byproducts that would otherwise be disposed of as waste.
The document provides background on the environmental effects of traditional concrete production, which emits large amounts of carbon dioxide. It then defines green concrete and outlines some of its potential benefits like lower production costs, energy usage, and emissions. Several studies on green concrete using replacements like fly ash and blast furnace slag are summarized. Tables compare the properties of natural and recycled aggregates used in green concrete mixes. The experimental materials and mix designs used in the studies
IRJET- Characteristic Development of Geopolymer Mortar with Agro-Hybrid FibresIRJET Journal
This document discusses the development and testing of geopolymer mortar made with agro-hybrid fibers. Geopolymer mortar is made from fly ash and an alkaline activator instead of Portland cement. The document tests different ratios of activator solution to fly ash. It finds that higher curing temperatures and times increase compressive strength. Specimens with agro-hybrid fibers were also tested and compared to those without fibers to analyze the effect on crack propagation. The goal is to create a sustainable mortar using industrial waste materials like fly ash.
IRJET - Material Characteristics of Geopolymer Concrete Incorporated with Fl...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on geopolymer concrete that incorporates fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). The main points are:
1) The mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete, such as compressive strength, are enhanced by increasing the amount of GGBS. Incorporating 5% steel fibers also increased strength.
2) Geopolymer concrete can reduce air pollution by eliminating carbon dioxide emissions from cement production. It provides an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional Portland cement concrete.
3) Previous studies show that geopolymer concrete made from fly ash and GGBS has high compressive strength and is suitable for precast construction applications. The addition of steel slag further
This document discusses the use of waste materials to produce eco-friendly bricks for green manufacturing. It describes methods used to create bricks from fly ash, paper industry byproducts, mine tailings, and other wastes. These alternative bricks offer benefits like lower emissions, costs, and impacts compared to traditional clay bricks. The document outlines several brick production processes and provides examples of waste-based bricks being used in construction in countries like India, Egypt, and Spain. It concludes that using post-consumer and post-industrial waste materials to make bricks can support more sustainable building practices.
IRJET- Alkaline Activation of Fly Ash: An OverviewIRJET Journal
This document discusses the alkaline activation of fly ash to enhance its properties for construction applications. Fly ash is a byproduct of coal combustion in power plants and large quantities are produced worldwide. Alkaline activation can improve properties like strength, durability, and reduce environmental impacts. The document reviews various activation techniques including mechanical, chemical and thermal methods. It finds that activation enhances properties and allows more uses of fly ash in construction materials as an alternative to Portland cement, helping reduce costs and CO2 emissions.
Providing the Sustainability with the Pozzuolana Concrete Used in FoundationZuhal Şimşek
To provide concrete industry and sustainability development, the amount of cement which releases harmfull gases
and wastes while being produced should be reduced. Because using less cement than the amount which is gained
as a result of mixture calculation cannot provide necessary performance in the point of resistance, it should be
predicated that using the materials which are appraised by changing places with the concrete which has
connective quality to provide sustainability. In this study it is aimed to increase the strength by providing
impermeability of underground building elements and to provide resistance by the puzzlans which are added in
the mixture of concrete by changing places for sustainable environment. To prove impermeability for sustainable
environment, a certain percentage of pozzuolanas added to the concrete mix by switching through cement.
Permeability of pressure water, capillarity and compressive strength evaluation tests were carried out.on
concrete specimens with pozzuolana additive.
Keywords: Foundation, building material, water isolation, sustainability
Commercialisation of geopolymer concrete as part of FP7 SUS-CON projectQUBGeopolymer
The document discusses the development of geopolymer concrete using waste materials as part of an EU research project. It provides background on geopolymer research and describes the goals of developing new sustainable concrete binders from waste streams to reduce environmental impacts. The project aims to commercialize geopolymer concrete by optimizing mixtures using various waste materials as aggregates and alkali activators and understanding the reaction mechanisms.
The document discusses foam concrete as a sustainable building material that can reduce carbon dioxide emissions from cement production. Some key points:
1) Cement production accounts for 5% of global CO2 emissions, so more sustainable building materials are needed.
2) Foam concrete is a lightweight, insulating material made with cement, water, and a foaming agent. It requires less cement and energy to produce and transport.
3) A cost analysis found that while foam concrete blocks cost slightly more to produce than clay bricks, walls made with foam blocks are cheaper overall due to using fewer materials.
This document discusses the environmental impacts of building materials selection. It begins by noting that buildings are responsible for large portions of environmental impacts like energy usage and emissions. The document then examines specific impacts like air pollution, smog, ecological toxicity, and their health effects. Impacts on the environment like global climate change, acidification, deforestation, and loss of biodiversity are also reviewed. The energy usage of building materials during production, construction, use and demolition is assessed. The conclusion advocates selecting materials based on their full life cycle impacts to minimize environmental degradation and maximize resource savings, energy efficiency, and human health.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Partial Replacement of Sand(Fine Aggregate) With E-WasteRakshitKumar16
This document discusses using recycled electronic waste as aggregate in concrete. It begins by introducing the problems of limited natural resources and improper e-waste disposal. Previous research has shown e-waste can partially replace aggregates in concrete. The objectives are to compare strengths and properties of concrete with e-waste aggregate to traditional concrete. E-waste is a growing issue and reusing it in concrete could help address disposal while conserving natural aggregates. The literature review discusses previous studies showing e-waste concrete has slightly lower strengths but is lighter weight. Further research aims to investigate replacing different percentages of coarse aggregate with e-waste.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation to Evaluate the Properties of Bricks by...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research study that investigated using hypo sludge as a partial replacement for traditional brick ingredients. Specifically:
- The study evaluated properties of bricks made with varying percentages (10-30%) of hypo sludge replacement, including compressive strength, water absorption, and density over time periods of 7, 14, and 21 days.
- The results found that bricks with 20% hypo sludge replacement achieved the highest 7-day compressive strength, while 25% replacement resulted in highest strength at 14 and 21 days. Water absorption was also lowest for bricks with 15-30% replacement levels.
- In conclusion, the study found that partial replacement of up to 25-30% hypo sludge
Green concrete for sustainable constructioneSAT Journals
Abstract There are many choices in regard to selection of materials in any type of constructions. Due to growing interest in sustainable construction, engineers and architects are motivated to choose the materials which are more sustainable. Green concrete capable for sustainable construction is characterized by application of industrial wastes to reduce consumption of natural resources and energy and pollution of the environment. Replacement of materials over nominal concrete is what makes green concrete more environmental friendly concrete. Marble sludge powder, quarry rocks, crushed concrete and fly ashes are some of the materials used for making green concrete, a sustainable construction. Keywords: Construction Industry, Environmental Impact, Geo-polymer concrete, Green Concrete, Recycled Materials, Sustainable Construction, Virgin Material.
Building materials and environmental impactadi5686
building materials have considerable impact on environment. so choosing the right material and knowledge about modern materials is equally important in modern day construction and technology
Investigating Mechanical Properties of Animal Bone Powder Partially Replaced ...IJSRED
The document summarizes a study that investigated using animal bone powder as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. Various concrete specimens with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% replacement of cement with bone powder were produced and tested. The specimens were tested for properties such as compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength at ages of 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Test results found that strength generally declined as bone powder replacement increased, with 10% replacement found to be the optimum amount. The study aimed to utilize an agricultural waste product while maintaining mechanical properties of structural concrete.
The document discusses geopolymer cement concretes as an alternative to traditional Portland cement concretes. Geopolymer cement concretes utilize industrial byproducts like fly ash and blast furnace slag instead of Portland cement, reducing CO2 emissions by around 80%. The cement industry contributes significantly to global CO2 emissions, so finding alternatives like geopolymer cement could help mitigate climate change issues. Geopolymer cement concretes form polymeric bonds between silica and alumina instead of calcium-silicate hydrates like Portland cement, but can achieve similar structural strength.
In persuit of alternative ingredients to cement concrete constructioneSAT Journals
Abstract Due to rapid demand and growth in infrastructure, the natural resources are fast depleting. The production of cement and aggregates consume energy which are responsible for increase in concentration of carbon dioxide in atmosphere. On the other hand huge amount of wastes are generated in various fields which are not being utilized other than for landfilling, incineration and a very few reused having a recycle value. Some wastes are biodegradable while others are toxic or harmful to environment. Hence there appears to be an urgent need to search for alternative materials, which can replace existing ingredients partially or fully, thereby reducing energy consumption and reduced CO2 emission. This paper discusses some options which appear to be promising in this direction. Index Terms: Eco-Friendly Concrete, Sustainability, Substitutes for Binders, Substitutes for Aggregates
The document discusses green or eco-friendly concrete as an alternative to traditional concrete. It states that green concrete reduces the environmental impact of concrete by using less energy in production and emitting less carbon dioxide compared to normal concrete. Some ways green concrete achieves this include using industrial waste and recycled materials as ingredients, and optimized mix designs. Green concrete provides benefits like longer lifespan, reduced emissions and energy usage, without increasing costs. It can also improve engineering properties and durability compared to traditional concrete.
IRJET - Advantages of Green Material Used ConstructionIRJET Journal
This document discusses the advantages of using green materials in construction as an alternative to conventional materials like brick and concrete. Green building materials are more sustainable because they are recycled, require less energy to produce, and minimize environmental impacts. Examples of green materials mentioned include wool brick made from wool and seaweed, solar tiles integrated into roofing to generate electricity, and GFRG panels made from recycled phosphogypsum that provide insulation and are cheaper and faster to install than other materials. The document argues that using sustainable green materials in construction can help reduce pollution, waste, and the depletion of natural resources.
Toward green concrete for better sustainable environmenthsaam hsaam
This document discusses efforts to develop green concrete as a more sustainable building material. It begins by noting that cement production currently accounts for 8-10% of global CO2 emissions. The document then discusses various approaches researchers have taken to reduce the environmental impacts of concrete, including substituting fly ash for cement, using recycled materials, and nanoengineering cement mixtures to improve performance. It emphasizes that green concrete must use waste materials, have a sustainable production process, and perform well over its lifetime. The document surveys cleaner cement production technologies and argues green concrete can help all three pillars of sustainability.
1) The document discusses using a basic LCA tool to analyze the operational energy use and contributions to climate change from a life cycle perspective for a residential house in Sweden designed to be a low energy building.
2) The results found that manufacturing building materials contributed 100% of the climate impact since the house was designed to be net zero through renewable energy production. Concrete contributed the most (55%) due to the energy intensive production process.
3) Alternative scenarios were analyzed using a wooden wall structure, less rockwool insulation, and improved space efficiency. The wooden wall structure reduced the climate impact by 25% compared to the original design.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Measurements of Natural Radioactivity Levels and Associated Health Hazard Ind...IJSRED
This document discusses measuring levels of natural radioactivity in cement samples from Ethiopia. Samples of ordinary Portland cement, pozzolana Portland cement, and clinker were collected from markets and cement factories in Addis Ababa and surrounding areas. A gamma spectrometer with an HPGe detector was used to measure levels of uranium-238, thorium-232, and potassium-40 in the samples. Radiological hazard indices like radium equivalent activity, absorbed dose rate, and annual dose rate were also calculated from the measurements. Results found radioactive levels in the cement samples were below recommended limits and consistent with studies in other parts of the world.
Study of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Materials in Reinforced Concrete Structures...Girish Singh
Around the world we are having several upcoming projects near the coast line so the study is needed to understand the effect on cost when we use FRP in the structure because FRP is a costly material compare to steel which may or may not increase the structure overall cost.
It will may or may not increase the structure cost because if we use FRP in a structure then we can avoid the problem that we face in a structure caused due to corrosion which reduce strength of the structure, foundation loosing plaster from the surface of the reinforced section due to expansion caused due to rusting as well as in building envelopes.
The objectives of this seminar report are to study about FRP Manufacturing and its properties, study about the various applications of FRP, design and analyze a FRP member, Finite element analysis of a simple beam using FRP as a reinforcement, role of FRP in the sustainable world, to find out the cost benefit of the elements used in a corrosive environment structure which can be replaced by the FRP.
This study will cover all the forms of FRP that can be used in a building and give a brief about FRP rebars its properties, design, analysis, uses and the effect on cost of a build during construction as well as the cost analysis of the structure.
This study will give an idea on the advantage of FRP over steel when we are using FRP in a corrosive environment like coast line and it will give an initial idea to the designer about the advantage and disadvantage of FRP over steel.
In the final part of this seminar report analysis results are used to give a base that FRP can sustain in structure as FRP reinforced bar and an example of a LCC is also used to give a satisfactory conclusion and on the final page the summery of the seminar is present.
Polymer concrete uses polymers instead of or along with water and cement as binders. It has higher strength, durability, chemical resistance, and cures more quickly than traditional concrete. Geopolymer concrete uses industrial byproducts like fly ash activated by an alkaline solution as binders. It has lower environmental impact than traditional concrete and gains strength rapidly. Both polymer and geopolymer concretes have advantages over traditional concrete such as higher strength, faster curing, and better durability, but also have disadvantages including brittleness and higher cost. Fiber reinforcement can increase the tensile strength of polymer concretes.
Structural and morphological studies on fly ash reinforced polystyrene compos...ijctet
This document discusses structural and morphological studies of fly ash reinforced polystyrene composites. Fly ash reinforced polystyrene composites were prepared using a solution casting method. Various characterization techniques were used to analyze the composites. FTIR analysis showed shifting of peaks, indicating bonding between polystyrene and fly ash. XRD showed increased crystallinity and crystallite size with higher fly ash content. AFM images confirmed the presence of fly ash particles within the polystyrene matrix and showed well-organized fly ash domains dispersed within the matrix. The addition of fly ash was found to enhance the structural properties and crystallinity of the polystyrene composites.
Commercialisation of geopolymer concrete as part of FP7 SUS-CON projectQUBGeopolymer
The document discusses the development of geopolymer concrete using waste materials as part of an EU research project. It provides background on geopolymer research and describes the goals of developing new sustainable concrete binders from waste streams to reduce environmental impacts. The project aims to commercialize geopolymer concrete by optimizing mixtures using various waste materials as aggregates and alkali activators and understanding the reaction mechanisms.
The document discusses foam concrete as a sustainable building material that can reduce carbon dioxide emissions from cement production. Some key points:
1) Cement production accounts for 5% of global CO2 emissions, so more sustainable building materials are needed.
2) Foam concrete is a lightweight, insulating material made with cement, water, and a foaming agent. It requires less cement and energy to produce and transport.
3) A cost analysis found that while foam concrete blocks cost slightly more to produce than clay bricks, walls made with foam blocks are cheaper overall due to using fewer materials.
This document discusses the environmental impacts of building materials selection. It begins by noting that buildings are responsible for large portions of environmental impacts like energy usage and emissions. The document then examines specific impacts like air pollution, smog, ecological toxicity, and their health effects. Impacts on the environment like global climate change, acidification, deforestation, and loss of biodiversity are also reviewed. The energy usage of building materials during production, construction, use and demolition is assessed. The conclusion advocates selecting materials based on their full life cycle impacts to minimize environmental degradation and maximize resource savings, energy efficiency, and human health.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Partial Replacement of Sand(Fine Aggregate) With E-WasteRakshitKumar16
This document discusses using recycled electronic waste as aggregate in concrete. It begins by introducing the problems of limited natural resources and improper e-waste disposal. Previous research has shown e-waste can partially replace aggregates in concrete. The objectives are to compare strengths and properties of concrete with e-waste aggregate to traditional concrete. E-waste is a growing issue and reusing it in concrete could help address disposal while conserving natural aggregates. The literature review discusses previous studies showing e-waste concrete has slightly lower strengths but is lighter weight. Further research aims to investigate replacing different percentages of coarse aggregate with e-waste.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation to Evaluate the Properties of Bricks by...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research study that investigated using hypo sludge as a partial replacement for traditional brick ingredients. Specifically:
- The study evaluated properties of bricks made with varying percentages (10-30%) of hypo sludge replacement, including compressive strength, water absorption, and density over time periods of 7, 14, and 21 days.
- The results found that bricks with 20% hypo sludge replacement achieved the highest 7-day compressive strength, while 25% replacement resulted in highest strength at 14 and 21 days. Water absorption was also lowest for bricks with 15-30% replacement levels.
- In conclusion, the study found that partial replacement of up to 25-30% hypo sludge
Green concrete for sustainable constructioneSAT Journals
Abstract There are many choices in regard to selection of materials in any type of constructions. Due to growing interest in sustainable construction, engineers and architects are motivated to choose the materials which are more sustainable. Green concrete capable for sustainable construction is characterized by application of industrial wastes to reduce consumption of natural resources and energy and pollution of the environment. Replacement of materials over nominal concrete is what makes green concrete more environmental friendly concrete. Marble sludge powder, quarry rocks, crushed concrete and fly ashes are some of the materials used for making green concrete, a sustainable construction. Keywords: Construction Industry, Environmental Impact, Geo-polymer concrete, Green Concrete, Recycled Materials, Sustainable Construction, Virgin Material.
Building materials and environmental impactadi5686
building materials have considerable impact on environment. so choosing the right material and knowledge about modern materials is equally important in modern day construction and technology
Investigating Mechanical Properties of Animal Bone Powder Partially Replaced ...IJSRED
The document summarizes a study that investigated using animal bone powder as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. Various concrete specimens with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% replacement of cement with bone powder were produced and tested. The specimens were tested for properties such as compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength at ages of 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Test results found that strength generally declined as bone powder replacement increased, with 10% replacement found to be the optimum amount. The study aimed to utilize an agricultural waste product while maintaining mechanical properties of structural concrete.
The document discusses geopolymer cement concretes as an alternative to traditional Portland cement concretes. Geopolymer cement concretes utilize industrial byproducts like fly ash and blast furnace slag instead of Portland cement, reducing CO2 emissions by around 80%. The cement industry contributes significantly to global CO2 emissions, so finding alternatives like geopolymer cement could help mitigate climate change issues. Geopolymer cement concretes form polymeric bonds between silica and alumina instead of calcium-silicate hydrates like Portland cement, but can achieve similar structural strength.
In persuit of alternative ingredients to cement concrete constructioneSAT Journals
Abstract Due to rapid demand and growth in infrastructure, the natural resources are fast depleting. The production of cement and aggregates consume energy which are responsible for increase in concentration of carbon dioxide in atmosphere. On the other hand huge amount of wastes are generated in various fields which are not being utilized other than for landfilling, incineration and a very few reused having a recycle value. Some wastes are biodegradable while others are toxic or harmful to environment. Hence there appears to be an urgent need to search for alternative materials, which can replace existing ingredients partially or fully, thereby reducing energy consumption and reduced CO2 emission. This paper discusses some options which appear to be promising in this direction. Index Terms: Eco-Friendly Concrete, Sustainability, Substitutes for Binders, Substitutes for Aggregates
The document discusses green or eco-friendly concrete as an alternative to traditional concrete. It states that green concrete reduces the environmental impact of concrete by using less energy in production and emitting less carbon dioxide compared to normal concrete. Some ways green concrete achieves this include using industrial waste and recycled materials as ingredients, and optimized mix designs. Green concrete provides benefits like longer lifespan, reduced emissions and energy usage, without increasing costs. It can also improve engineering properties and durability compared to traditional concrete.
IRJET - Advantages of Green Material Used ConstructionIRJET Journal
This document discusses the advantages of using green materials in construction as an alternative to conventional materials like brick and concrete. Green building materials are more sustainable because they are recycled, require less energy to produce, and minimize environmental impacts. Examples of green materials mentioned include wool brick made from wool and seaweed, solar tiles integrated into roofing to generate electricity, and GFRG panels made from recycled phosphogypsum that provide insulation and are cheaper and faster to install than other materials. The document argues that using sustainable green materials in construction can help reduce pollution, waste, and the depletion of natural resources.
Toward green concrete for better sustainable environmenthsaam hsaam
This document discusses efforts to develop green concrete as a more sustainable building material. It begins by noting that cement production currently accounts for 8-10% of global CO2 emissions. The document then discusses various approaches researchers have taken to reduce the environmental impacts of concrete, including substituting fly ash for cement, using recycled materials, and nanoengineering cement mixtures to improve performance. It emphasizes that green concrete must use waste materials, have a sustainable production process, and perform well over its lifetime. The document surveys cleaner cement production technologies and argues green concrete can help all three pillars of sustainability.
1) The document discusses using a basic LCA tool to analyze the operational energy use and contributions to climate change from a life cycle perspective for a residential house in Sweden designed to be a low energy building.
2) The results found that manufacturing building materials contributed 100% of the climate impact since the house was designed to be net zero through renewable energy production. Concrete contributed the most (55%) due to the energy intensive production process.
3) Alternative scenarios were analyzed using a wooden wall structure, less rockwool insulation, and improved space efficiency. The wooden wall structure reduced the climate impact by 25% compared to the original design.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Measurements of Natural Radioactivity Levels and Associated Health Hazard Ind...IJSRED
This document discusses measuring levels of natural radioactivity in cement samples from Ethiopia. Samples of ordinary Portland cement, pozzolana Portland cement, and clinker were collected from markets and cement factories in Addis Ababa and surrounding areas. A gamma spectrometer with an HPGe detector was used to measure levels of uranium-238, thorium-232, and potassium-40 in the samples. Radiological hazard indices like radium equivalent activity, absorbed dose rate, and annual dose rate were also calculated from the measurements. Results found radioactive levels in the cement samples were below recommended limits and consistent with studies in other parts of the world.
Study of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Materials in Reinforced Concrete Structures...Girish Singh
Around the world we are having several upcoming projects near the coast line so the study is needed to understand the effect on cost when we use FRP in the structure because FRP is a costly material compare to steel which may or may not increase the structure overall cost.
It will may or may not increase the structure cost because if we use FRP in a structure then we can avoid the problem that we face in a structure caused due to corrosion which reduce strength of the structure, foundation loosing plaster from the surface of the reinforced section due to expansion caused due to rusting as well as in building envelopes.
The objectives of this seminar report are to study about FRP Manufacturing and its properties, study about the various applications of FRP, design and analyze a FRP member, Finite element analysis of a simple beam using FRP as a reinforcement, role of FRP in the sustainable world, to find out the cost benefit of the elements used in a corrosive environment structure which can be replaced by the FRP.
This study will cover all the forms of FRP that can be used in a building and give a brief about FRP rebars its properties, design, analysis, uses and the effect on cost of a build during construction as well as the cost analysis of the structure.
This study will give an idea on the advantage of FRP over steel when we are using FRP in a corrosive environment like coast line and it will give an initial idea to the designer about the advantage and disadvantage of FRP over steel.
In the final part of this seminar report analysis results are used to give a base that FRP can sustain in structure as FRP reinforced bar and an example of a LCC is also used to give a satisfactory conclusion and on the final page the summery of the seminar is present.
Polymer concrete uses polymers instead of or along with water and cement as binders. It has higher strength, durability, chemical resistance, and cures more quickly than traditional concrete. Geopolymer concrete uses industrial byproducts like fly ash activated by an alkaline solution as binders. It has lower environmental impact than traditional concrete and gains strength rapidly. Both polymer and geopolymer concretes have advantages over traditional concrete such as higher strength, faster curing, and better durability, but also have disadvantages including brittleness and higher cost. Fiber reinforcement can increase the tensile strength of polymer concretes.
Structural and morphological studies on fly ash reinforced polystyrene compos...ijctet
This document discusses structural and morphological studies of fly ash reinforced polystyrene composites. Fly ash reinforced polystyrene composites were prepared using a solution casting method. Various characterization techniques were used to analyze the composites. FTIR analysis showed shifting of peaks, indicating bonding between polystyrene and fly ash. XRD showed increased crystallinity and crystallite size with higher fly ash content. AFM images confirmed the presence of fly ash particles within the polystyrene matrix and showed well-organized fly ash domains dispersed within the matrix. The addition of fly ash was found to enhance the structural properties and crystallinity of the polystyrene composites.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Evaluation of thermo-Mechanical Behaviour of Clay- Silica Sand Blends For Fir...IJRES Journal
In this study, the thermo-mechanical behavior of clay-silica sand blends was evaluated with a view to establishing its suitability for fire-clay bricks production.The study involved Standard bricks using proportional clay mixtures (0-100%) with 10% increment of silica sand. Results obtained indicate that addition of silica sand to Makurdi clay improved foundry properties of cold crushing strength, bulk density, shrinkage, apparent porosity, thermal shock resistance, permeability and refractoriness Based on these results it is concluded that Makurdi clay is suitable for fire clay bricks production if blend with silica sand (SiO2).
A Study on Strength of Reinforced Flyash with Randomly Distributed FibersIJERD Editor
This study investigated the strength properties of flyash reinforced with randomly distributed plastic and coir fibers. Laboratory tests including direct shear tests and CBR tests were conducted on flyash mixtures with different percentages of plastic and coir fibers (0-0.5% plastic, 0-0.3% coir). The following results were obtained:
1) The optimum percentages for maximum strength were found to be 0.3% plastic fibers and 0.2% coir fibers based on the highest shear strength parameters and CBR values observed.
2) Flyash reinforced with plastic fibers showed better performance than flyash with coir, with higher shear strength and CBR at the optimum percentages.
3) Both
This document summarizes different techniques for soil stabilization, including mechanical, chemical, and polymer/alternative methods. Mechanical techniques are the oldest and involve compaction. Chemical techniques add materials like cement or lime to interact with the soil and change its properties. Polymer/alternative methods are newer, cheaper, and more effective while being less harmful to the environment. Soil stabilization improves properties like strength, reduces costs, and is used extensively in countries like China, Japan, and Australia.
Fly ash wikipedia, the free encyclopediaSourav Chanda
Fly ash is a byproduct of coal combustion. It comprises fine particles that rise with flue gases when coal is burned to produce electricity. Fly ash contains silicon dioxide, calcium oxide, and various trace elements that depend on the coal composition. It is generally captured by pollution control devices at coal power plants before being released. Around 43% of fly ash produced is recycled and used as a supplementary cementitious material in concrete production due to its pozzolanic properties. There are some health concerns about using concrete with fly ash, but it provides benefits like increased strength and protection from chemicals. When coal is burned, fly ash must be properly disposed of or recycled.
The document discusses a road base construction technology using stabilized soil that allows for the creation of quality roads at a cost of 640 roubles/m2; the technology involves granulating and mixing local soil with binding materials like cement or bitumen before grading and compacting it into a stabilized base that provides benefits like frost and erosion resistance at a lower cost compared to traditional road construction. The technology can be used to construct various types of roads and worksites and offers advantages like flexibility, cost savings, and a 5-year guarantee.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This document discusses the future of fly ash use in concrete. Globally, there is not enough fly ash available, while locally some areas have too much. Reducing CO2 emissions will increase the value of "clean" fly ash. Utilities that market fly ash will need to carefully consider their path forward regarding issues like mercury, carbon/sorbents, and trona/sodium bicarbonate. Fly ash provides benefits when used in concrete like improved properties and reduced costs and carbon footprint, though it can reduce strength and air entraining. Cement production accounts for 4-7% of global anthropogenic CO2 emissions, so substituting fly ash for clinker in cement can help reduce those emissions. Careful planning
This document discusses two dry bottom ash removal and transport systems for coal-fired boilers. The first system uses a storage hopper to collect, cool, and crush bottom ash before pneumatically conveying it to storage. The second system uses a vibrating conveyor to extract and cool bottom ash before transferring it to another conveyor for transport. Both systems aim to dry cool bottom ash for potential beneficial use and reduce operations and maintenance costs compared to conventional wet systems.
Here i would like to inform you on the global scenario on whitefly management i hope it will increase your understanding of the management of the whiteflies,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
This document discusses rehabilitation and retrofitting of structures to improve their resistance to earthquakes. It notes that earthquakes themselves do not cause deaths but collapsed buildings do. It then discusses causes of building failures in developing countries during earthquakes. The document outlines several past damaging earthquakes and their impacts. It discusses common causes of failure of masonry and reinforced concrete buildings during earthquakes. Finally, it describes various rehabilitation and retrofitting methods that can be used to strengthen existing structures, such as adding reinforcement, jacketing, and seismic belts.
3D printers have the potential to significantly impact the field of civil engineering both technically and economically. Technically, 3D printers allow for greater architectural freedom and more complex building designs that were previously limited by expensive construction techniques. They can create structures out of materials like plastic, metal, and concrete. Economically, the 3D printing industry is growing rapidly and expected to generate billions in revenue worldwide in the coming years. 3D printing may revolutionize the construction industry by enabling the computer-designed and computer-built production of entire buildings in a more efficient and affordable manner.
Polymer concrete and fiber reinforced polymer concrete are alternatives to traditional concrete that can reduce drawbacks like greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption. Polymers can be classified as synthetic, natural, organic or inorganic. Polymer concrete is made by mixing polymers, aggregates, and sometimes cement or other binders. It has properties like high compressive strength, impermeability, chemical resistance, and good adhesion. Fiber reinforced polymer concrete adds fibers like glass or textile to improve flexural strength and ductility. Geopolymer concrete uses industrial byproducts like fly ash and is more eco-friendly than ordinary Portland cement. Both polymer concrete and fiber reinforced polymer concrete have applications in construction where properties like strength, corrosion resistance and durability are
Polymer concrete is produced by mixing mineral fillers with a synthetic or natural resin binding agent. There are three main types: latex-modified concrete, polymer-impregnated concrete, and polymer concrete. Polymer concrete has many benefits including high strength, durability, fire and heat resistance, chemical resistance, and faster cure times. It can develop high compressive strengths within hours or minutes depending on the materials used. Common applications include flooring, containment structures, trench drains, countertops, furniture, and areas with heavy traffic.
Polymer concrete is a composite material made by impregnating a conventional concrete with monomers like methyl methacrylate or styrene, then polymerizing them to fill its pores and voids. This reduces porosity and improves strength and durability properties. Three main types are polymer impregnated concrete, polymer cement concrete, and polymer concrete. Polymer impregnated concrete uses precast concrete impregnated with monomer then polymerized. It exhibits higher strength, stiffness, and durability compared to conventional concrete.
The document discusses base isolation technology for buildings. It begins by explaining the principle of base isolation systems, which work like suspension systems in cars using laminated rubber bearings and dampers. It then provides an example of a base-isolated research building in Tokyo. The document analyzes the seismic response of base isolation buildings compared to conventional buildings. It models and tests buildings using different earthquake waves as inputs and finds that base isolation is more effective at reducing accelerations and displacements.
STUDY ON THE PROPERTIES OF FLY ASH BASED GEO POLYMER CONCRETE WITH 18 MOLAR N...IAEME Publication
Background/Objectives: Geo polymer concrete using Fly ash is introduced to reduce the usage of OPC in concrete, which is the main cause for the emission of CO2. The emission of CO2 results in the global warming and greenhouse effect all over the world. Fly ash which is one of the most important by product obtained from the thermal power plants is used as the basic material for activation by the process of geo polymerization to the concrete binder to completely replace the pozzalona portland cement (PPC). In this paper study on the behaviour of fly ash based geopolymer concrete is done. For the process of activation of silicon and aluminum content which are present in fly ash a combination of Na2SiO3 and NaOH alkaline activators of 18 Molarity were used. Methods: The method adopted in this paper is geo polymerization. The geo polymer specimens were used at ambient room temperature for a period of 3 and 7 days and later the mechanical properties of geo polymer concrete are tested using compressive, flexural and split tensile strength tests. Findings: As the alkaline activator ratio increases from 1:2 to 1:3 the compressive strength, Split tensile strength and flexural strength increases for 3days, 7days and 28days.
IRJET- Experimental Study on Engineering Properties of Fly Ash based Geopolym...IRJET Journal
The document presents an experimental study on the engineering properties of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete. The study aims to develop geopolymer concrete using fly ash as an alternative to ordinary Portland cement, in order to reduce CO2 emissions from cement production. The mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete, including compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength, are tested and compared to normal concrete under different curing methods. The results show that geopolymer concrete can achieve comparable or higher strengths than normal concrete, with the benefit of significantly lower CO2 emissions in its production.
Experimental Study on Geopolymer Concrete Using Waste Ceramic Powder: A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on the use of waste ceramic powder to produce geopolymer concrete as a more sustainable alternative to traditional Portland cement concrete. Geopolymer concrete is formed through a polycondensation process that uses alkali-activating solutions and aluminosilicate materials like fly ash as binders instead of Portland cement. The document reviews literature on using fly ash and blast furnace slag in geopolymer concrete. It then outlines the objectives and needs of the study, which are to utilize waste ceramic powder from tile production as a supplementary cementitious material in geopolymer concrete and to evaluate its mechanical properties.
This document summarizes research on biomass aggregate geopolymer concrete in Malaysia. The research explored using biomass aggregate and fly ash to produce self-compacting geopolymer concrete as an alternative to Portland cement concrete. The highest compressive strength achieved was 80 MPa with a slump flow of 530 mm. Geopolymer concrete specimens had lower water penetration and less cracking in acid tests compared to Portland cement concrete. The geopolymer concrete also exhibited less strength reduction when exposed to acid.
Experimental Study On Strength Properties Of Geopolymer ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document presents the results of an experimental study on the strength properties of geopolymer concrete. Geopolymer concrete is made from fly ash, alkaline liquids like sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate, replacing ordinary Portland cement. The study investigated the compressive strength, flexural strength, Young's modulus, and deflection behavior of geopolymer concrete beams cured at 60°C for 24 hours. The results found that geopolymer concrete can achieve compressive strengths in the range of 20-35 MPa. The measured elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio values of geopolymer concrete were similar to ordinary concrete. The stress-strain behavior of geopolymer concrete under compression also fit well with models for ordinary concrete.
Green concrete is an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional concrete that uses recycled and sustainable materials to reduce its carbon footprint. It can reduce CO2 emissions by 80% compared to traditional concrete by using industrial wastes like fly ash instead of Portland cement, and recycled concrete aggregates instead of virgin materials. The main objectives of green concrete are to lower greenhouse gas emissions, reduce energy and resource usage, and promote more sustainable construction practices. Its use could help India address issues from its booming construction industry like waste disposal and environmental impacts, though more research and awareness building is still needed to increase adoption.
This document summarizes a study on geopolymer concrete. It begins with an abstract stating that geopolymer concrete is an alternative to traditional Portland cement concrete that is more environmentally friendly as it does not require Portland cement. The document then reviews the properties and composition of geopolymer concrete, including that it is produced through a chemical reaction between fly ash or other aluminosilicate materials and alkaline solutions. It discusses prior literature reviewing strengths and properties of geopolymer concrete, including higher compressive strength and better durability than traditional concrete. The document also outlines typical materials used in geopolymer concrete and compares its strength and durability properties to traditional concrete.
IRJET - A Review Paper on the Study of Concrete with Partial Replacement of C...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses a review of using glass powder as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. Glass powder contains silica, which provides strength in cement. Using glass powder can reduce waste and consumption of raw materials while lowering pollution.
2) The review examines research that has partially replaced cement with 0-40% glass powder in concrete. Studies found that replacing up to 10-15% of cement with glass powder did not significantly reduce compressive strength of concrete. Higher replacements above 10% saw reduced strength compared to normal concrete.
3) Using glass powder in concrete can promote more sustainable construction practices by reducing the environmental impact of cement production as well as diverting glass waste from landfills. Further research on
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EXPERIMENTAL AND ANALYTICAL RESULTS OF GEO POLYMER CON...IAEME Publication
Geo polymer concrete is a recently developed construction material which is environment friendly and perhaps best alternative to conventional concrete. In the present scenario, where global warming is a big issue due to Co2 emissions, no cement concrete like Geo Polymer Concrete is the big boon for construction industry. The research work carried out on Geo Polymer Concrete and documented in the present paper is a step forward in the direction to encourage the development of Geo Polymer Concrete for its wide application in construction industry. The present paper describes experimental work and analytical work pertaining to Finite Element Analysis using ANSYS software to simulate the flexural behavior of Reinforced Geo Polymer Concrete Beams. The alkaline solution used for present study was the combination of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide solution with the varying ratio of 2.50. NaoH solids with 97 - 98% purity is purchased from commercial source and mixed with water to make solution with a concentration of 16 molarity.
Cement is the world's most used construction binder material. Cement production emits large amounts of CO2 and consumes significant amount of energy. As a result, it is necessary to find a new concrete material to replace traditional Portland cement concrete, which is environmentally stressful, yet provides an effective building material. Geopolymer is an emerging alternative binder to Portland cement for making concrete. Geopolymer concrete is principally produced by utilizing industrial by-product materials such as fly ash, blast furnace slag, and other aluminosilicate materials. RCC structures undergo serious durability problems like spalling, erosion, wear, cracking, corrosion etc. years after the construction. Repair to damaged concrete are important not only to ensure the planned useful life, but also to provide good performance and security. This paper review the literature related to the studies conducted on geopolymer and repair materials.
Glass aggregates can be used to make concrete more sustainable. This document outlines a business plan to introduce a concrete product with glass aggregates. The plan includes an executive summary, product overview, market analysis, competitor analysis, market segmentation and marketing strategy, and financial plan. The mission is to become a leading sustainable building material provider in Europe within 3 years by offering an environmentally and economically beneficial concrete product.
STUDY ON BEHAVIOR OF ALKALI ACTIVATED FLYASH BASED GEOPOLYMER CONCRETEIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study on the behavior of alkali-activated fly ash-based geopolymer concrete. The study investigated the effect of different activator ratios on the properties of geopolymer concrete. Specimens were prepared with activator ratios of 1:2, 1:2.5, and 1:3. Testing showed the 1:3 ratio produced the highest compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths at all ages. Strengths increased substantially with curing time. The 1:3 ratio also provided the most economical mix. Therefore, an activator ratio of 1:3 is recommended to achieve maximum strength in fly ash-based geopolymer concrete.
This document summarizes an experimental study on geopolymer concrete. Geopolymer concrete is an alternative to traditional Portland cement concrete that has lower environmental impact. It uses industrial byproducts like fly ash and blast furnace slag as its binding materials rather than Portland cement. The study explored how geopolymer concrete performs compared to ordinary concrete. It investigated the effects of different mixtures on the properties of geopolymer concrete, such as strength and durability. The results showed that geopolymer concrete has higher resistance to damage than standard concrete and allows waste materials like fly ash to be recycled instead of disposed in landfills.
This document discusses green concrete as a way to reduce CO2 emissions from concrete production. It explains that green concrete uses industrial byproducts like fly ash and microsilica to replace some of the cement. This can reduce related CO2 emissions by 15-40% while maintaining or improving the strength and durability of the concrete. The document also outlines some of the materials used in green concrete production and their environmental benefits.
The document studies the strength of geopolymer concrete with alkaline solutions of varying molarity. Laboratory tests were conducted on compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength of geopolymer concrete specimens made with different molarity alkaline solutions. The results showed that specimens with a 12M alkaline solution achieved the highest strengths for compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength.
“EVALUATION OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH GEO-POLYMER FOAMED CONCRETE”IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on evaluating the compressive strength of foamed geopolymer concrete. The researchers produced foamed geopolymer concrete using fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, and an alkaline solution as an activator. They studied how parameters like water absorption and varying material mixtures and foam quantities affected the compressive strength of the foamed concrete. The document provides background on geopolymer concrete and discusses prior literature on using industrial byproducts like fly ash and slag to develop more sustainable concrete mixes with improved properties.
- The document discusses the resistance of fly ash-based and slag-based geopolymer concrete to sulfate and acid attack.
- Specimens of both geopolymer concretes and ordinary Portland cement concrete were subjected to 5% sodium sulfate and 5% sulfuric acid solutions.
- Test results found that both types of geopolymer concrete underwent very little change in compressive strength under acid and sulfate attack, suggesting their durability is much superior to ordinary cement concrete in these environments.
DURABILITY STUDIES OF GGBS AND METAKAOLIN BASED GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE Ijciet 08...IAEME Publication
The objective of this research work was to produce a carbon dioxide emission free cementious
material. The geopolymer concrete is such a vital and promising one. In this study, geopolymer is
prepared from ‘Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag’ (GGBS) a powder from grinding the byproduct
of slag waste from blast furnace of steel plants and metakaolin from industry. The Alkaline
liquids used in this study for the polymerization process are the solutions of sodium hydroxide
(NaoH) and sodium silicate (Na2Sio3).A 8 Molarity and 10 Molarity solutions was taken to prepare
the mix. The cube compressive strength was calculated for different mixes. The cube specimens are
taken of size 150 mm x 150 mm x 150 mm. Ambient curing of concrete at room temperature was
adopted. In total 180 cubes were casted for their compressive strength at age of 28 days
respectively. The test data indicate that on exposure to 5% Sodium Sulphate, Sulphuric Acid and
Sodium Chloride, the losses in weight, and strength of geopolymer concrete (GPC) are
significantly much less than those for cement concrete. Thus the geopolymer concrete is considered
to be an environmentally pollution free construction material.
Effect of Steel Fiber on Alkali activated Fly Ash ConcreteIJERA Editor
Concrete is the world’s most important Construction material so the demand of cement is increases. The
production of cement is highly energy intensive & the production on one ton of cement liberates about one ton
of CO2 to atmosphere. The contribution of cement industry to the greenhouse gas emission is estimated to be
about 70% of the total green gas emission. Also it consumes large amount of natural resources. Hence it is
essential to find alternative to cement. Geopolymer concrete is an innovative material in which the binder is
produced but the reaction of an alkaline liquid with a source material that is rich in silica alumina.
The present work deals with the result of the experimental investigation carried out on geopolymer concrete
using steel fiber. The study analyses the effect of steel on compressive strength. Geopolymer concrete mixes
were prepared using low calcium fly ash & activated by alkaline solution. (NaOH & Na2SiO3) with alkaline
liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35 Alkaline solution. Used for present study combination of sodium hydroxide &
sodium silicate with ratio 2.5. The mix was designed for molarity of 16M & grade chosen for investigation was
M30. Hooked end steel fiber . All tests were conducted according to IS-code procedure. The result for each
variation are tabulated & discussed in details & some important conclusions are made.
Providing the Sustainability with the Pozzuolana Concrete Used in FoundationZuhal Şimşek
To provide concrete industry and sustainability development, the amount of cement which releases harmfull gases
and wastes while being produced should be reduced. Because using less cement than the amount which is gained
as a result of mixture calculation cannot provide necessary performance in the point of resistance, it should be
predicated that using the materials which are appraised by changing places with the concrete which has
connective quality to provide sustainability. In this study it is aimed to increase the strength by providing
impermeability of underground building elements and to provide resistance by the puzzlans which are added in
the mixture of concrete by changing places for sustainable environment. To prove impermeability for sustainable
environment, a certain percentage of pozzuolanas added to the concrete mix by switching through cement.
Permeability of pressure water, capillarity and compressive strength evaluation tests were carried out.on
concrete specimens with pozzuolana additive.
Keywords: Foundation, building material, water isolation, sustainability
Similar to STUDY ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF FLY ASH BASED GEO POLYMER CONCRETE WITH 20MOLAR NAOH ACTIVATOR (20)
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniquesnooriasukmaningtyas
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
2. Study On The Behaviour of Fly Ash Based Geo Polymer Concrete with 20molar Naoh Activator
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 827 editor@iaeme.com
materials to be introduced, which is environment friendly and economical aroused in front of researchers,
one of the alternative materials is geo-polymer concrete, which can replace general or ordinary concrete
and is environmentally friendly product. Not only to reduce the CO2, but also increase the compressive
strength than OPC and uses the byproduct, which in turns helps in effective disposal.
The accretion appeal for the ecology affable architecture is the reason acceptable architecture material
development. The various issues like ambient conditions, hand to mouth living conditions along with
surrounding ecological conditions are the spoil sport which can hamper the development. The major GHC
promoting product and activity arresting in nature. The allergory to Portland cement coupled with low
GHC emission is possible with Geo-polymers. Geo-polymers as well display above engineering backdrop
when chosen between the counterparts. Attrition to factors like reaction with sulphate, bases, etc can be
resisted using green concrete with reduced levels of calcium content1-7
.
Sustainability is the need of the hour and it is the major driving factor in case of architecture and
construction based firms which is often combined with economic feasibility factor also in case of
manufacturing of construction materials. Based on the user specification constraint including commercial
and ecological aspects, the performance of the manufacturing item is determined. In general, it is to be
noted that that it increases the content of carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere and most complex
method of its production is also witnessed among the counterparts.
Green concrete is need of the hour which is far better than the manufacturing materials of the similar
kind. Green concrete with low content of calcium tend to possess high quality of strength and resistance of
external environmental constraints and compounds8-16
.
The term geo-polymer was introduced by Davidovits in 1978.Geopolymer is an industrial by product
like flyash, bagasseash, Low calcium flyash(CLASS F) was used.The curing process of Geo-polymer
concrete plays a vital role in physical properties of hardened concrete. It can be done by ambient and oven
curing process. In oven curing process external heat is supplied, but in practical conditions providing the
entire structure external heating source is a difficult task and which is not possible17-20
.
Despite the fact that OPC is in extensive usage in construction and architecture industry for ages, it
releases green-house gases into the atmosphere at the time of manufacturing. Geopolymer concrete is the
recent technology used to reduce OPC.
Fly ash reacts with acrid solutions to anatomy a cementitious material; fly ash based geopolymer does
not afford carbon dioxide. In this work, pond ash is advised as fractional backup for beach as accomplished
accumulated in the geopolymer concrete. Fly ash and pond ash are residues from agitation of coal. Hence
in this paper we studied and found a method, where ambient curing is also as such effective as oven curing.
This paper summarizes the behaviour of fly ash based Geo-polymer concrete with the specified molarity of
NaOH activator5-16
.
Palomo ,Grutzeck and Blanco1
investigated the acrid activation of decay materials. has become an
important breadth of analysis in abounding laboratories because it is accessible to use these abstracts to
amalgamate bargain and ecologically complete adhesive like architecture materials. In the present paper,
the apparatus of activation of a fly ash (no added solid actual was used) with awful acrid solutions is
described. These solutions, fabricated with NaOH, KOH, baptize glass, etc., the artefact of the
acknowledgment is an baggy aluminosilicate gel Mechanical strengths with ethics in the 60 MPa ambit
were acquired afterwards abating the fly ash at 85 C for alone 5 h.
Anurag, Deepika2
and his advisers advised after-effects of an beginning abstraction on the Green
concrete characteristics. The composition of sodium hydroxide considered is 16M, 8M and 12M along
with 72 hours,24 hours and 48 hours abating time respectively. Baptize assimilation, compactness strength
along with Compressive strength based tests were conducted on various chemical compositions.
ParthibanShobana3
and his fellows investigate the Chemical Admixture does not show any impact on
Compressive Strength but shows considerable increase in the workability of the concrete. The Specimens
have been cured in ambient temperature condition to check the suitability of Geopolymer concrete for cast-
3. T.Narendra and N.Srujana
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 828 editor@iaeme.com
in-situ conditions. 7 day strength was found to be 70% of its 28 days strength, the 28 days strength is
higher compared to OPC.
Ganapati, Adhiseshu4
and his fellows investigate replacement of Fly ash for 5 different GGBS content
(upto 40%) and 8M NAOH solution and NA2SIO3/NAOH ratio was 2.5 taken and the result indicates that
high amount of slag is present, the compressive Strength of 31.85 at 3 days achieved. From the paper it is
aswell assured that the replacement of flyash with green concrete does not disturb its properties such as
strength or to that matter any significant change in composition. Compressive Strength (upto 90%) was
accomplished in 14 canicule and the boilerplate body of Geopolymer concrete compared to OPC.
Partha, Prabir and Pradip5
advised that the GGBS added to (0 to 20%) of absolute binder, cogent access
in Backbone and some abatement in workability empiric on Geopolymer concrete. The accession of
GGBFS added ambience of the accurate at ambient temperature. The backbone accretion slowed down
afterwards the age of 28 canicule and continues to access at a slower amount until 180 days. The delayed
consequence of admixture variables on the improvement of minimization spine was agnate to that on the
advancement of compressive quality.
Supraja and Kantarao6
advised that in adjustment to aftermath GGBS added Geopolymer accurate
altered Molarities 3M, 5M, 7M and 9M are taken to adapt altered mixes. The Cube Specimens are taken of
100mm*100mm*100mm.Two altered abating are agitated oven abating at 50C and Direct Sunlight Curing.
The Result shows that there is no cogent access in backbone of oven convalescent specimens afterwards 3
canicule of Geopolymer accurate and the backbone of Geopolymer accurate is accretion with the access of
the chastity of Sodium Hydroxide. Sunlight abating is added acceptable for applied conditions.
Madheshwaran, Gnansundar, Gopalkrishnan7
instructed the variation with respect to GGBFS in precise
has been prompted and Longer subsiding time greater the Polymerization activity and delayed
consequences in compressive Strength. Higher the Molar Ratio (7 M) with Higher GGBS (100%)results in
the Higher Compressive Backbone and Split minimization spine .By this compressive Backbone in the
ambit of 45Mpa to 60 Mpa is expert and Highest is for 100% GGBS. Aside from action seriousness, the
GPCs advance the mechanized rot for bearing the bounden plan in cement, there are both feel and
Economical Benefits of Using Fly fiery debris and GGBS. The increase of Naphthalene based Super
Plasticizer pleasant included than 2% barely decrease the Compressive Strength.
Ravindra and Somnath8
advised that with the Increase of silica agreeable in flyash, the admeasurement
of Spherical shaped unreacted fly ash particles in the Geopolymercast advertence accumulation of added
aluminosilicate gel which after-effects in the added compressive strength. When the silica agreeable above
4 by (Sio2/Al2o3) leads to abridgement in acuteness and abatement in Backbone while lower baptize
agreeable in the mix, Higher was the Compressive Strength. Filler Actual like Sand Reduces arise and
improves the porosity of the Composite and its accession aswell reduces the abundance of Binder adhesive
authoritative the actual added economical. The Setting time of Geopolymer is aswell best at Higher Silica
content.
Pradip and Prabir9
investigated the Fly ash Geopolymer mixtures were designed adding GGBFS upto
30% of total Binder and curing is at ambient Temperature. By adding 30% GGBFS Compressive Strength
about 55 Mpa has been achieved.The compactness of the Gel increased when SlagContent is higher in the
paste.
MatghewSudhakar and Natarajan10
investigated that with the increase of GGBS content, Compressive
Strength is gradually increases .in this Coal Ash and GGBS
Combination is taken along with 15M Alkaline Solution and total replacement of about 30% is taken
into consideration and Higher Compressive Strength up to 57Mpa is achieved .However the Cost of GGBS
added Geopolymer is 7% Higher than OPC but when we Consider Strength aspect, it is almost 3 times than
OPC at 7 days.
4. Study On The Behaviour of Fly Ash Based Geo Polymer Concrete with 20molar Naoh Activator
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 829 editor@iaeme.com
2. REQUIRED EXPERIMENTAL COMPONENTS
The list of manufacturing items along with required materials required to perform the tests are given by
• Metakaolin
• Coarse aggregate
• Alkaline liquid: Sodium hydroxide and Sodium Silicate
• Fine aggregate
• Fly ash
2.1. Fly ash
The test material is taken from Vijayawada Thermal Power Station (VTPS), Ibrahimpatnam. Generally, the
material is collected from electrostatic precipitator (ESP) hoppers. Table 1 gives the composition of the
material considered for testing and supplied by VTPS and from the theortical knowledge it is very well
understood that it belongs to ClassF (ASTM C618).
Table 1: Flyash Composition
S. No. Name of the Chemical % by weight
1 Sulfate (SO4) 1.24%
2 Magnesium Oxide (MgO) 0.91%
3 Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) 0.42%
4 Ferric Oxide (Fe2O3 + Fe3O4) 4.17%
5 Calcium Oxide (CaO) 6.20%
6 Alumina (Al2O3) 20.21%
7 Silica (SiO2) 64.08%
8 Loss on Ignition (LOI) 1.07%
2.2 Coarse aggregate
The coarse aggregates of the type (10mm coarse aggregates) are used for testing. In general, the coarse
aggregate is the type which is sustained on as IS sieve of size 4.75.
2.3. Fine aggregate
Fine aggregate is the natural river sand. Fine aggregate is characterized by any presence of small quantities
of carcinogenic impurities or balls of clay in it . Silt content should not exceed 4%.
2.4. Alkaline Liquid
The experimental setup tries to use activator in the form of sodium silicate along with alkaline liquid. Here,
sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in flake form is used although both flake as well as pellet forms are available.
In general, it is well known fact to everbody's conscience that the preference of liquid is either silicate form
or oxide form (the commonly used metallic compositions include sodium and potassium).
2.5. Metakaolin
If the metakaolin used only purpose is easily removed specimen for even shape. So, 20%metakaolin was
used.
5. http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.
3. METHODOLOGY
3.1. Alkaline liquid synthesis
The composition of NaOH is 40 molecular weight in this paper obtained dissolving of flake form in
constrast to the pellet form of NaOH in wate r(water after distillation is usually preferred for this type of
processes). The flakes dissolved without any res
solution. This NaOH should prepare before 24hours of casting.
of casting and mixed thoroughly.
3.2. Mix Design
For, 20Molarity geo-polymer mix 3 different proportions
The normal ratio preferred is 0.45 ( activator to fly ash).
3.3. Geo-polymer concrete preparation
The aggregates and flyash were mixed, then the alkaline activator solution was added to it and mixing is
continued till a uniformity is observed. It was found that the fresh fly ash based geo
was cohesive and dark in colour.
3.4. Preparation of specimens
The mix is placed in cubes of size 150mm×150mm×150mm, Beams of size 500mm×100mm×100mm and
cylindrical moulds of size 150mm diameter and 300mm height.
3.5. Curing
The specimens were kept for ambient curing at room temperature (24
and 28 days after de-moulded for 24 hours casting.
4. RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS
4.1. Compressive Strength
It is most essential property of the manufacturing material and it I vital to determine the performance of
various material based on the above characteristics of this sole property. The curing time varies in direct
proportion to the compressive strength. Compression tests were carried out at 3, 7and 28 days curried at
ambient indoor room temperature. The compressive
are shown in fig.1
T.Narendra and N.Srujana
IJCIET/index.asp 830
The composition of NaOH is 40 molecular weight in this paper obtained dissolving of flake form in
constrast to the pellet form of NaOH in wate r(water after distillation is usually preferred for this type of
processes). The flakes dissolved without any residue, now remaining water is added to make 1liter
solution. This NaOH should prepare before 24hours of casting. Na2SiO3were added to NaOH before 20min
polymer mix 3 different proportions Na2SiO3were prepared i.e. 1:2, 1:2.5, and 1:3.
The normal ratio preferred is 0.45 ( activator to fly ash).
polymer concrete preparation
The aggregates and flyash were mixed, then the alkaline activator solution was added to it and mixing is
nued till a uniformity is observed. It was found that the fresh fly ash based geo
The mix is placed in cubes of size 150mm×150mm×150mm, Beams of size 500mm×100mm×100mm and
cylindrical moulds of size 150mm diameter and 300mm height.
The specimens were kept for ambient curing at room temperature (240
C) till the tests conducted for 3, 7
moulded for 24 hours casting.
SIONS
It is most essential property of the manufacturing material and it I vital to determine the performance of
various material based on the above characteristics of this sole property. The curing time varies in direct
e compressive strength. Compression tests were carried out at 3, 7and 28 days curried at
ambient indoor room temperature. The compressive test was conducted as per IS: 516
Figure.1 Compressive strength for cubes
editor@iaeme.com
The composition of NaOH is 40 molecular weight in this paper obtained dissolving of flake form in
constrast to the pellet form of NaOH in wate r(water after distillation is usually preferred for this type of
idue, now remaining water is added to make 1liter
were added to NaOH before 20min
prepared i.e. 1:2, 1:2.5, and 1:3.
The aggregates and flyash were mixed, then the alkaline activator solution was added to it and mixing is
nued till a uniformity is observed. It was found that the fresh fly ash based geo-polymer concrete mix
The mix is placed in cubes of size 150mm×150mm×150mm, Beams of size 500mm×100mm×100mm and
C) till the tests conducted for 3, 7
It is most essential property of the manufacturing material and it I vital to determine the performance of
various material based on the above characteristics of this sole property. The curing time varies in direct
e compressive strength. Compression tests were carried out at 3, 7and 28 days curried at
was conducted as per IS: 516 – 1959.the results
6. Study On The Behaviour of Fly Ash Based Geo Polymer Concrete
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.
4.2. Flexural Strength Test
Flexural strength is carried out on beam specimens
maximum load is noted. The flexural strength results are shown in fig.2 are obtained from the conducting
of the test using compression machine as per IS:
Figure 2
4.3. Split Tensile Strength Test
It is also one of the crucial properties of the manufacturing material and is one of the indirect tension test.
The split tensile strength results are given in fig. 3 as the test conducted as per standard specifications at
normal operating conditions (compression testing machine as per guidelines IS:
Fig
5. CONCLUSIONS
The papers presents the following conclusions pertaining to the results and various tests conducted.
• The Na2SiO3 to NaoH by mass equal to 1:3 has resulted into the higher strength as compared to the ratio of
1:2 and 1:2.5 for the geopolymer concrete.
• Compressive strength of concrete increases 30% for 7days, flexural strength of concrete increases 40% for 7
days and split tensile strength 50% for 7 days when compared to 3 days strength.
• Compressive strength of concrete increases 42% for 28 days, flexura
28 days and split tensile strength 60% for 28 days when compared to 7 days strength.
• The concentration of NaOH varies in direct proportion to the green concrete strength.
f Fly Ash Based Geo Polymer Concrete with 20molar Naoh Activator
IJCIET/index.asp 831
on beam specimens and load deflection curve, maximum deflection and
maximum load is noted. The flexural strength results are shown in fig.2 are obtained from the conducting
ion machine as per IS: 516: 1959.
2 Results of Flexural strength obtained from the test
. Split Tensile Strength Test
It is also one of the crucial properties of the manufacturing material and is one of the indirect tension test.
ile strength results are given in fig. 3 as the test conducted as per standard specifications at
normal operating conditions (compression testing machine as per guidelines IS:
Figure.3 Split tensile strength for cylinders
apers presents the following conclusions pertaining to the results and various tests conducted.
to NaoH by mass equal to 1:3 has resulted into the higher strength as compared to the ratio of
1:2 and 1:2.5 for the geopolymer concrete.
Compressive strength of concrete increases 30% for 7days, flexural strength of concrete increases 40% for 7
days and split tensile strength 50% for 7 days when compared to 3 days strength.
Compressive strength of concrete increases 42% for 28 days, flexural strength of concrete increases 45% for
28 days and split tensile strength 60% for 28 days when compared to 7 days strength.
The concentration of NaOH varies in direct proportion to the green concrete strength.
ith 20molar Naoh Activator
editor@iaeme.com
and load deflection curve, maximum deflection and
maximum load is noted. The flexural strength results are shown in fig.2 are obtained from the conducting
Results of Flexural strength obtained from the test
It is also one of the crucial properties of the manufacturing material and is one of the indirect tension test.
ile strength results are given in fig. 3 as the test conducted as per standard specifications at
normal operating conditions (compression testing machine as per guidelines IS: 5816: 1999)
apers presents the following conclusions pertaining to the results and various tests conducted.
to NaoH by mass equal to 1:3 has resulted into the higher strength as compared to the ratio of
Compressive strength of concrete increases 30% for 7days, flexural strength of concrete increases 40% for 7
days and split tensile strength 50% for 7 days when compared to 3 days strength.
l strength of concrete increases 45% for
28 days and split tensile strength 60% for 28 days when compared to 7 days strength.
The concentration of NaOH varies in direct proportion to the green concrete strength.
7. T.Narendra and N.Srujana
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 832 editor@iaeme.com
• The curing time in general and from the tests conducted in particular varies in direct relation to the green
concrete compressive strength.
• Geopolymerconcrete tend to show no significant physical change in its properties at normal operating room
temperature which is observed in case of normal variety. The complete setting of Geopolymer concrete
specimens will take upto 72 hours without any reminisces on the surface on which it is hardened.
REFERENCES
[1] Palomo, M.W.Grutzeck, M.T.Blanco “Alkali-activated fly ashes -A cement for the future”, Elsevier,
1998, Volume 29, Issue 8, page 1323-1329.
[2] Anurag Mishra, DeepikaChoudhary, Namrata Jain, Manish Kumar, NidhiShardaandDurgaDutt, “Effect
of Concentration of Alkaline Liquid and Curing Time on Strength and Water Absorption of Geopolymer
Concrete”, ARPN Journal ,2008, ISSN-1819-6008,Page 14-18.
[3] K.Parthiban, K.saravanarajamohan, S.Sobana, A.AnchalBhaskar, “Effect of Replacement of Slag on the
Mechanical Properties Of Fly ash based Geopolymer Concrete”, International Journal of Engineering
and Technology(IJET),2013, ISSN: 0975-4024 , Page 2555-2559
[4] Ganapati Naidu, A.S.S.N. Prasad, S. Adiseshu ,P.V.V.Satayanara “A study on strength properties of
Geopolymer Concrete with the addition of GGBS”,International Journal of Engineering Research and
Development (IJERD),2012 ISSN: 2278-800, Page 19-28
[5] ParthaSarathiDeb, PradipNath, PrabirKumar Sarker, “The Effects of GGBFS blending with Flyash and
activator content on the workability and strength properties of Geopolymer concrete cured at ambient
temperature ”, Elsevier, Material and design,62(2014),page 32-39
[6] V.Supraja, M.Kantarao, “Experimental study on Geopolymer concrete incorporating GGBS”,
InternationalJournal of Electronics, Communications and Self Computing Science and Engineering
(IJECSCSE), 2012,ISSN: 2277-9477, Page 11-15
[7] MadheswaranC.K,Gnansundar G, Gopalkrishnan,“Effect of molarity in Geopolymer concrete”,
International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineerimg, ISSN 0976- 4399, Vol. 4, No. 2, 2013 page
106-115
[8] RavindraN.Thakur, SomnathGhosh, “Effect of mix composition on compressive strength and
microstructure of flyash based Geopolymer Concrete”, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied
Sciences, Vol4 , No 4, June 2009, ISSN 1819–6608 , page 68-71
[9] PradipNath, Prabirkumar Sarker “Effect of GGBFS onSetting, Workability and early Strength properties
of flyashGeopolymer Concrete ”, Elsevier, construction and building materials, 2014 , 66, page 163-171
[10] Mr. Bennet Jose Mathew, Mr. M Sudhakar, Dr. C Natarajan, “Strength, Economic and Sustainability
Characteristics of Coal Ash –GGBS Based Geopolymer Concrete”, International Journal Of
Computational Engineering Research (ijceronline), ISSN 2250-3005 Vol. 3 Issue. 1,page 207-212
[11] AmmarMotorwala,Vineet Shah “Alkali Activated Fly-Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete” International
Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering,Vol3,Issue1,2013
[12] A.M.Mustafa Al Bakari&H.Kamarudin “Optimization of Alkaline Activator/fly Ash Ratio on The
Compressive Strength of Manufacturing Flyash Based geopolymer” Applied Mechanics and
Materials,Vol.110-116, pp. 734-739,2012
[13] DjwantoroHardjito,Chua Chung Cheack “Strength and Setting Times of Low Calcium Fly Ash-based
Geopolymer Mortar” Modern Applied Science,vol2,No.4
[14] E.Arioz,O.Arioz “The Effect Of Curing Conditions On the Properties Of Geopolymer Concrete”
International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications,Vol4,No.6
[15] KolliRamujee and M.potharaju “Development of Low Calcium Flyash Based Geopolymer Concrete”
International Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol.6, No.1,2014
[16] Mohmad Mustafa Al Bakri and H.Mohammed “Review on Fly ashBasedGeopolymer Concrete without
Portland Cement". Journal of Engineering and Technology Research, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp 1-4, 2011.
8. Study On The Behaviour of Fly Ash Based Geo Polymer Concrete with 20molar Naoh Activator
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 833 editor@iaeme.com
[17] M.I. Abdul Aleem,P.D.Arumairaj “Geopolymer Concrete-A Review” International Journal of
Engineering Sciences& Emerging Technologies, Vol .1 , issue 2, pp 118-122, 2012
[18] M.W.Ferdous,O.Kayali “A Detailed Procedure of Mix Design For Fly ash Based Geopolymer Concrete”
Fourth Asia-Pacific Conference on FRP in Structures,2013
[19] Raijiwala D.B, Patil H.S “Geopolymer Concrete: A Concrete of Next Decade” Journal of Engineering
Research and Studies.
[20] Raijiwala D.B, Patil H.S “Effect of Alkaline Activator onthe Strength and Durability of Geopolymer
Concrete” Journal of Engineering Research and Studies
[21] A Review on Fiber Reinforced Concrete, Grija.S, Shanthini.D, Abinaya.S. International Journal of Civil
Engineering and Technology, 7(6), 2016, pp.386–392.
[22] Raman Kumar and Ankit, An Experimental Study of Marble Powder on The Performance of Concrete.
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 7(4), 2016, pp.491–497.
[23] N. Ganesh Babu and Dr. S. Siddiraju, An Experimental Study on Strength and Fracture Properties of
Self Healing Concrete. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 7(3), 2016, pp.398–
406.
[24] Shankar H. Sanni and Khadiranaikar, R. B. “Performance of Geopolymer Concrete Under Various
Curing Conditions”, International Journal of Scientific Research, Vol .2 , No. 3, pp 178-180, 2012
[25] S.Jaydeep,B.J.Chakravarthy “Study On Flyash Based Geo-Polymer Concrete Using Admixtures”
International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, Vol .4 , issue 10, 2013
[26] SouravKr.Das, Amarendra Kr.mohapatra, A.K.Rath “Geopolymer Concrete-Green Concrete for the
Future-A Review” International Journal of Civil Engineering Research,Vol.5 , No.1, pp 21-28,2014
[27] Shankar H.Sanni and Khadiranaikar R.B.“ Performanceo f Alkaline Solution On Grades Of Geopolymer
Concrete” International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, Vol.110-116, pp. 734-739,
2012.