Dvm internship report (dr muhammad awais) Doctor of veterinary Medicine internship report

1. Internship Report
1 | P a g e
Final Profession DVM
Internship Report
Of
MUHAMMAD AWAIS
Roll No: 1323
Registration No: 1027-GCVS-12
Session: 2012-2016
Duration of internship
18 weeks
From 02-May-2016 to 10-September-2016
Gomal College of Veterinary Sciences
Gomal University D.i.khan

2. Internship Report
2 | P a g e
IQRA
In the name of Allah most benevolent ever. Most
merciful read in the name of your Lord. Who, created
man from an embryo. Read for your lord is most
beneficent who taught man what he did not know.
SAYING OF QURAN.

3. Internship Report
3 | P a g e
AL-HA, DIS
In sight is my capital, reason is the spirit of my faith, love
is my foundation, Zeal is my conveyance, Remembrance
of Allah is my comrade, Trust in Allah is my fortune,
Sadness is my companion, Knowledge is my weapon,
Patience is my garment, Pleasure of Allah is my prize,
Humility is my Pride, Self-denial is my profession, Faith is
my food, Trust is my intercessor, Obedience to Allah is my
enough , Holy war is my Nature and prayer is the Solace of
my eyes.
SAYING OF MUHAMMAD (S.A.W. W)

4. Internship Report
4 | P a g e
Table of Contents:
Serial No. Particular/tittle Page no.
1 Signature 05
2 Dedication 06
3 Abstract 07
4 Acknowledgement 08
5 1st
Station Broiler Farm 09
6 Introduction to company 09
7 Biosecurity 10
8 House Preparation 11
9 Requirements before the Arrival of Day Old Chicks 12
10 Brooding Management 13
11 My daily routine work 14
12 Water & Feeding management 14-15
13 Temperature & Ventilation Management 16-17
14 Vaccination Schedule 18
15 Diseases 19
16 Catching of Bird & FCR 20-21
17 2nd
station VRI Lahore 22
18 Introduction to VRI 22-23
19 Quality Control/central Reference Lab 24
20 Disease investigation 24
21 Media preparation 25-28
22 Production of product with value 29
23 FMDRC 30
24 Division/section 31
25 Research Activities 31
26 Major task 32
27 3rd
Station Govt Dairy Farm Loralai 33
28 Introduction to farm 33-34
29 Housing of Farm Animal 35-37
30 Farm Management 38
31 Other Farm operation(Nutrition and Feeding) 38
32 Disease Control Measure 39
33 Essential daily operation 40
34 Record keeping 40
35 Conclusion 41

5. Internship Report
5 | P a g e
Gomal College of Veterinary Sciences
Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan KPK
TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN
It is certified that Mr. MUHAMMAD AWAIS S/O MUHAMMAD ZUBAIR, Registration No: - 1027-GCVS-
12 of DVM of session 2006-2012has successfully completed his internship and submitted his
internship report.
SIGNATURE
PRINCIPAL __________________
Internship Advisor ____________________
CHECKED BY ----------------------------------
Prepared BY
Muhammad Awais _____________________

6. Internship Report
6 | P a g e
DEDICATION
TO MY DEAR
“PARENTS”
Who inspired me to higher ideas of life,
For their Prayers, For their Sacrifices,
And For their endless patience,
They are “Heaven on Earth” For Me.
TO MY DEAR BROTHER & SISTER
AND ALL THOSE
WHO ARE DEAR TO ME.

7. Internship Report
7 | P a g e
ABSTRACT
A full term (10th
semester) compulsory internship is a prerequisite for the
fulfillment of partial completion of degree, Doctor of veterinary Medicine (DVM) 5
years composite program. Internship is also necessary in accordance with improving
the capabilities of a graduate of any professional background this practical
experience actually improves the professional capabilities of any individual seeking
a bright carrier.
A veterinary Science graduate is an important fellow, where he must be
capable of maintaining health of animals but also is responsible for the issues that
are directly or indirectly concerned with the livelihood and general health issues for
human population, so is required for such a graduate to improve his or her
capabilities individually while remaining part of team.
As for as mine internship is concern I with reference of my parent institution
joined Private Poultry organization, Veterinary research Institute Lahore and Dairy
Farm Loralai Balochistan during my stay at the departments I gained much insight
into how to make theoretical knowledge applicable to practical complexities of
organizations in order to operate them efficiently and effectively to achieve
organization goals. Internship at different department has really helped me to polish
my skills and capabilities.
I am sure that with these professional skills and practical approach, I will be
able to gain ever growing in any organization as far as my competency is concerned.

8. Internship Report
8 | P a g e
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
All praise to the gracious the greatest Lord “Almighty Allah” who blessed me
with courage and always made our efforts fruitful.
I pay all the tributes to the Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) who
enlightened our conscious. All and every respect is for the Holy Prophet who enables
us to recognize our creator.
I am grateful to honorable DEPUTY DIRECTOR LIVESTOCK LORALAI
for providing me good working facilities.
Thanks to Dr. Azam Ali Senior Veterinary officer (S.V.O) at Veterinary
Research Institute for their kind, sympathetic, and inspiring guidance, gracious,
hospitality, and constructive criticism for accomplishment of this manuscript.
Thanks to Dr. Idrees Ali Farm Manager at Sabir Poultry Farm Sheikhupura
for their kind, sympathetic, and inspiring guidance, gracious, hospitality, and
constructive criticism for accomplishment of this manuscript.
I am grateful to all honorable Teachers for their encouragement support and
sympathies.
DR MUHAMMAD AWAIS

9. Internship Report
9 | P a g e
Introduction to Company
The Sabir’s Poultry Pvt ltd Consist of
1. Broiler Farms.
2. Breeder Farms.
3. Layer Farms
4. Feed Mills
5. Hatchery
Head office: 10-Sher Shah Block, New Garden Town, Lahore.
Tel # 042-111-111-234
E-mail: poultry@Sabir group.com
Al-Azan Broiler Farm Sabir’s Poultry, Madaar
Sheikhupura
Employees: 19 (Nineteen)
Head: Farm Manager. Dr Muhammad Idrees Ali
Sub incharge: Supervisor.
Rest of Staff:
 1 clerk
 9 worker
 1 Bio Man
 1 cook
 2 Electrician
 3 Security Guard
Sheds; Four in number {Length×Width(450×48)}
Per shed No of chicks= 27000+2%
Total Number of Chicks= 108000+2%
No of fans per shed= 8 (23000rpm each fan)

10. Internship Report
10 | P a g e
Biosecurity
Biosecurity is a practice designed to prevent the spread of disease onto farm. It is
accomplished by maintaining the facility in such a way that there is minimal traffic
of biological organisms (viruses, bacteria, rodents, etc.) across its borders.
Biosecurity is the cheapest, most effective means of disease control available. No
disease prevention program will work without it.
Biosecurity has three major components:
1. Isolation
2. Traffic Control
3. Sanitation
A fence keeps your birds in, but it also keeps other animals out.
Traffic Control includes both the traffic onto your farm and the traffic patterns within
the farm.
Sanitation addresses the disinfection of materials, people and equipment entering the
farm and the cleanliness of the personnel on the farm.
 All house Spray:
Water- 5 liter
Formalin- 1 liter
Spray all side of shed and outside also
Figure NO.01 Entrance of Shed

11. Internship Report
11 | P a g e
House Preparation before Arrival of Chicks
Cleaning and Disinfection of house:
In order to reduce health risk a complete dry cleaning, washing and disinfection of
poultry house after each flock is recommended.
Dry Cleaning
In dry cleaning sweep of dust and other dirt of ceilings light fixtures, walls fans, air
inlets was done. All feed from feeders was removed. Manure and accumulated dust
and dirt were scraped. All litter from the floor was removed.
Washing
Washing with high pressure sprayer of every surface in the building, especially
windows, fans, feed lines, water lines, walls and all surfaces where dirt and dust may
accumulate was done. Detergent Washing Soda
Disinfection
After cleaning and washing, the spraying of polyclean 1% solution for disinfection.
For one Shed 10 liter polyclean and 1800 liter water required.
Polyclean is detergent and disinfectant too. When touch with the roof or floor, it
produce foam so it is also foaming agent that kill all the germs. After spray seal the
house completely.
Placement of Litter Material
Rice husk and wooden shivering was used about 1.5 inch as a litter material in the
house according to climate. It is a good litter material having the following
properties:
 It absorbs moisture
 It insulates chicks from cooling effect of ground.
400 gram per square feet litter required. For one house 216 mund litter used.
Fumigation
Fumigate as soon as possible after disinfection; surfaces should be damp and the
house warmed to a minimum of 21C (70F) and a relative humidity of greater than
65 percent. Seal the house for 24 hours.
Prior to permitting any re-entry, ventilate the house to reduce formalin levels to
2ppm.

12. Internship Report
12 | P a g e
Use 500 ml per 28m3 with 200g potassium per manganite crystal
Repeat fumigation after the litter has been spread.
Requirements before the Arrival of Day Old Chicks
The brooding period of first 7 days of the broiler’s life is the most sensitive period
because the bird is changing from an immature thermo regulation system to a
mature one.
A brooding area was made to maintain the temperature of the house. Brooding area
is prepared in the Centre of shed. One third of shed is prepared for brooding. There
were 2 thermometers and sensor at two different locations in the house that were
connected to control panel. The temperature requirements of chicks for brooding is
33-35C grade.
Equipment in the house should be arranged to allow chicks to maintain body
temperature without dehydration and to find feed and water easily.
House was pre heated for a sufficient period to achieve target house and litter
temperature prior to chick’s arrival
Temperature should be monitored regularly to ensure a uniform environment exists
throughout the whole brooding area.
Feed was placed on paper and plates just before arrival of chicks
Receiving and Opening of Day Old Chicks
The (27000 + 2%) Day Old Chicks were received at night at 11:00pm in two
vehicles in almost 270 boxes 102 each for one shed. The boxes were arranged in
lines in the whole brooding area in the house that was prepared for the chicks.
After arranging, all the boxes were opened. The opening was started from one side
to prevent overcrowding of chicks.
Weight of Day Old Chick
The weight of chicks was 38 grams average. On chick arrival color and strength of
chick was observed to established good chick quality, which was A Grade.
And Under starter chicks average weight was 32 gram.

13. Internship Report
13 | P a g e
Figure No.02 receiving of Day old chicks
Five Essential of Brooding
 Temperature Management
 Clean Water
 Fresh Air
 High Light Intensity (20 lux)
 Access to Feed
Space:
For one day old chick .35 feet space required in summer.
.1 feet increased per week.
Week
Summer
Per chick/Bird
Space
Winter
Per chick/Bird
1st
.35 feet .27 feet
2nd
.45feet .37 feet
3rd
.55 feet .47 feet
4th
.65 feet .57 feet
5th
.75 feet .67 feet
6th
.85 or 1 feet .77 or .8 feet
Table No.01

14. Internship Report
14 | P a g e
My Daily Routine Work
 To check the opening of feed
 Time taken by birds to consume the feed
 Vaccination
 Medication
 Check out any miss management done by workers
 Find out any problem in control panel
 Perform postmortem of dead birds
Water & Feeding management
Water Management
First week Water line level at chick eye level or 45angle between beak to nipple.
After 1st
week height water line at chicks can easily drink water. Low level or high
level water line height retard the growth of chicks.
Water drop from nipple for one day
old chicks was 35-40 ml per minute, 1 ml
increase per day.
One nipple is sufficient for 15 chicks.
After arrival of chick glucose solution was provided, 15gram glucose/liter water.
After 24 hour stress forte (electrolytes+vitamins) provided. 1ml/6liter water.
These Provide instant energy and restore normal body function.
At madaar (sheikhupura) place Water pH was alkaline (7.8), then we add vinegar
in water at ratio 1ml vinegar in 10 liter water. Water provided 24 hour.
Figure No.03 Nipple Drinker

15. Internship Report
15 | P a g e
Feeding Management
1st
day old chicks Feed was given on paper and plates, at day4 paper was removed,
feed given in plates & feeder.
One plate is sufficient for 70-80 chicks & one feeder is sufficient for 25-30 chicks
and 12-15 birds.
First week adlib (free of choice) feed provided which chick was consume.
After 1st
week feed provide according to formula
Figure NO.04 Feeder
The feed is calculated according to following formula:
Feed in Bags =
𝟒.𝟓 × 𝐍𝐨.𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐮𝐬𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐤𝐬 × 𝐀𝐠𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐤𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬
50
Feed Type Days
Pre starter 1-7
Starter 8-21
Grower 22-35
Finisher 35-42
Table No.02

16. Internship Report
16 | P a g e
Temperature & Ventilation Management
Temperature Management
Week Temperature
1st 33 to 35 c
2nd 30 to 33 c
3rd 28 to 30
4th 25 to 28
5th 24 to 26
Table No.o3
Weight of chick is 40 gram then first day temp was 34C
Weight of chicks is less than 40 gram 1st
day temp is 35C.
Temp formula: 0.37×day of chicks-1st
day temp
*Bird behavior and weight seen for temperature
Figure No.05 Control panel for Temp & ventilation Management

17. Internship Report
17 | P a g e
Ventilation
Purposes
1. Inter of fresh air
2. Removal of bad gases
3. Maintenance of O2 level
4. Maintenance of humidity level and temperature
5. Reduction of CO2 level.
In maximum ventilation outside shed temp is high and target temperature is
low.
No of fans=
cross sectional area× air velocity
𝑓𝑎𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
*Cross sectional area: height × width
*Fan capacity: 23000rpm
*Air velocity:
1st
week 100-120
2nd
week 120-200
3rd
week 200-300
4th
week 300-400
5th
week 400-500
Table No.04
Velocity is measured by velocity meter.
Statical pressure; different pressure of air inside the shed and outside the
shed.
Manometer is device used to measure statical pressure, 0.08 statical pressure
is maintained.
Figure NO.06 Manometer

18. Internship Report
18 | P a g e
Heat loss procedure from chicks
1. Sensible heat loss
i. Reduction
ii. Correction
iii. Radiation
2. insensible heat loss
i. panting
Vaccination schedule
Day Vaccine Route
1 ND-IB Spray
5 ND lassota live Spray
8 ND lassota
inactivated
sub cut injection in
neck
12 IB (bioral) Drinking water
16 ND Drinking water +
Spray
Table No.05
Calculations:
Vaccination Formulation
The formulation of vaccine via drinking water is done according to
following Formula:
Water in Liters = age of chicks in days × No. of thousands of chicks/1000
 Then total required dose of vaccine is mixed in that water.
 Before 24 hour of vaccination and after 3 day of vaccination antibiotics is
contraindicated.
 After vaccination multivitamins is given to reduce vaccination stress.

19. Internship Report
19 | P a g e
Diseases
Colibacillosis
It is the most common and economically very important disease of poultry.
 Cause
 E.coli
 Predisposing Factors
 Contaminated water
 Poor Ventilation
 Stress
 Symptoms
 Affected chicks are depressed
 Crowed together
 Postmortem Findings
 A white layer of fibrin covers the liver and heart
 Infected air sacs are cloudy and foam like material
 When abdomen open bad smell
 Treatment
Broad Spectrum antibiotics like Enrofloxacin. 1ml/2liter dw.
Infectious bronchitis
 Cause
 Corona virus
 Symptom
Coughing,
Gasping
 dyspnoea
 Postmortem findings
 White plug present at bifurcated point of trachea.
 Pin point hemorrhages on trachea
 Treatment
 Avitryl(enrofloxacin) 1ml/2liter Dw
 Avixin (bromhexine hydrochloride 5mg) 1ml/2liter DW.
Newcastle disease
Cause
 paramyxovirus

20. Internship Report
20 | P a g e
Symptom
 greenish diarrhea
 opistotonus & Torticolus
 Depression, weakness and lying down
 Foamy discharge from respiratory tract
Postmortem Lesion
 Pin point hemorrhages at preventiculus gizzard junction
 Hemorrhages on trachea
 Brain edematous
Treatment
Broad Spectrum antibiotics like Enrofloxacin. 1ml/2liter DW.
Catching
 Catching refers to catch the birds at the end of the flock and supply to
the delivery trucks/carriage which are parked near the shed. Birds
should be off feed 3-5 hrs before catching (crop test).
 The carrying vehicles were weighed before and after the loading of
birds and net weight of birds was calculated and recorded.
 One important thing in the catching procedure is that turn off the
lights of so that the birds can be caught easily. Start the catching from
padding area and towards the fan sides
 Workers carry 8-10 birds at a time in their hands.
 Timing for local vehicle 10-11 PM and for far away vehicles 3-6 AM.
Figure NO.07 Catching

21. Internship Report
21 | P a g e
FCR Formulation
FCR (per bag) =
Average weight in kg ×No.of live birds
Feed used (bags)
Shed Total Birds %Mortality FCR
H#1 27500 4.72 30.02
H#2 27500 6.08 27.14
H#3 27500 5.45 28.47
H#4 27500 5.55 27.92
Table No.06

22. Internship Report
22 | P a g e
Veterinary Research Institute Lahore
Introduction:
Veterinary Research Institute, Lahore (VRI) was established in 1962 as
Directorate from Bureau of Disease Investigation and Biological Production (1957)
proceeded by Production Centre in College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore (1948).
The directorate is playing a vital role in prevention and control of the disease of
livestock and poultry via quality biologics. The directorate works on “prevention is
better than cures”. During the year the institute came up with its commitment to help
the farmers in disease diagnosis at their doorsteps. Newly emerging diseases of
poultry and livestock and livestock were also investigated. Various research projects
were under progress for the development of vaccines according to field strains.
The institute has the capacity of quality assurance of various biologics/ vaccines
used for the livestock and poultry. The activities during the year were significant in
every aspect of function and development. In order to maintain standards, series of
in vivo and in vitro tests were performed to evaluate the biological products.
The laboratories have been equipped with all type of advanced diagnostic and
biological production equipment for the instant diagnosis and production of
biologics to meet the challenging field demand.
MOTTO
“Prevention is better than cure”
AIMS:
a. Large scale production of standard biologics.
b. Research on Animal Health Problems.
c. Disease Diagnosis and Investigation.
d. In-service Training of Field Veterinarians.
e. Farmer’s education in Livestock and Poultry disease problems.
ACHIEVEMENTS
1. In the recent past, VRI played an important role for the control of Newcastle
disease bird flu and other emerging problems of poultry.
2. During the year 2016 the VRI controlled New Castle disease in Poultry
which caused huge economic losses. A significant research work has been
performed on the NDV characterization as indicated in research
publications.

23. Internship Report
23 | P a g e
3. Two new products have been added in the biologics list during the year,
2016 i.e. ND Oil Based vaccine and ND + H9 killed vaccine.
4. A Central Reference Laboratory and Modern Quality Control/Nutrition
Laboratory have been establish having all modern techniques/facilities and
ISO certified.
Figure NO.08 entrance of VRI
BIOLOGICS PRODUCTION DIVISION
Quality Control Laboratory H.S. Anaerobe, Mycoplasma, Poultry
Vaccines, Freeze Drying, I.B.D, Flurry Media, P.P.R, Diagnostic Antigens, Supply,
Mice Colony, Store, Carpentry, Estate and Electricity Sections

24. Internship Report
24 | P a g e
QUALITY CONTROL/CENTRAL REFERENCE LAB
Aims & Objectives
 Quality control is one the most important division of the institute as it is
concerned with the quality assurance of the biologics produced at institute.
 The division procured latest laboratory equipment’s and is establishing latest
techniques for quality testing of different biologics. At present this division is
engaged in cell culture techniques, identification and purification of different
vaccinal antigens and different biologics through column chromatography,
SDS- PAGE, gel documentation, PCR and Western blot. Apart from this,
animal feed testing laboratory is being established to develop the facility for
feed analysis. For this purpose HPLC, ELISA Kits + Instruments,
spectrophotometer and other related equipment have been procured.
 Establishment of an independent Quality Control Laboratory for testing
(vaccines, diagnostic antigens) and feed testing for nutritional value as well
as toxin level. Initiating and carrying out research and development.
Quality Control Laboratory
 Quality testing of biologics produced at VRI, Lahore.
 Characterization of Newcastle disease virus.
 Complete genome sequencing of NDV field virus.
Central Reference Laboratory
 Identification of bacterial and fungal contamination in black quarter vaccine
(Samples of 4 batches).
 Isolation and identification of Pasturella multocida from HS suspected
samples (01 sample).
 Sample for pox virus confirmation (01 sample).
 Deer sample for confirmation of Pasturellosis (01 sample).
 Isolation and molecular identification of infectious bursal disease virus from
IBD suspected samples (5chicks) ongoing project).
 Standardization of method of indirect haemagglutination test (IHA) for
detection of antibody titer in serum for IBD.
 Antibody titer against ND and H9 in serum samples (11 samples).
 Internship training (28 students from different institutes).
DISEASE INVESTIGATION

25. Internship Report
25 | P a g e
In the field of disease investigation, the institute caters for the identification off
specimens and confirmation of diagnosis on the basis of suspected materials
received from extension workers. In addition to the diagnostic service, the institute
also helps in the epizootological investigation of disease outbreaks in order to
define the problem of communicable disease, appraise their importance on local or
regional basis and contribute to improve methods of control.
Aims & Objectives
o Disease investigation, treatment and control of Livestock and wildlife
diseases.
o Livestock disease out breaks management.
o In service training of Veterinary and Para Veterinary Staff.
o House Job/Internees Training.
o Livestock Farmer’s education.
o Treatment of the sick animals.
Media Section
Different type of Media is used for microbial growth and for sterility Test in
different section and QCL.

26. Internship Report
26 | P a g e
Figure No.09 MaCconkey Agar preparation
Flow chart for media preparation
Weight Material
↓
Dissolve in Distilled water
PH Adjust
Broth Agar
Filter Sterilization
Dispensing in test tube/flask Dispensing in test tube/flask
Sterilization
Sterility test incubate at 37C for 24 hour
 If PH become alkaline then HCL 50% used.
 If PH become acidic then Noah 20% used.
Nutrient Agar.
Bactro beef extract 3 gm
Bacto peptone 5 gm
Bacto agar 15 gm

27. Internship Report
27 | P a g e
Distilled water 1 liter
PH 7.2 + o.2 at room temperature
MacConkey Agar
Composition
Peptone 20 gm
Lactose 10 gm
Bile salts 05 gm
Neutral red 0.075 gm
Agar 12 gm
Distilled water 1 Liter
PH 7.4+o.2 at room temperature
MacConkey Broth
Composition
Peptone 20 gm
Lactose 10 gm
Bile salt 05 gm
Nacl 05 gm
Neutral red 0.075 gm
Distilled water 1 Liter
PH 7.4+o.2 at room temperature
Tryptose phosphate Broth
Tryptose 20 gm
Glucose anhydrous 02 gm
Sodium Chloride 05 gm
Sodium hydrogen phosphate anhydrous 2.5 gm
Distilled water 1 liter

28. Internship Report
28 | P a g e
PH 7.3 at 25C
Brain Heart Infusion (BHI)
BHI 17 gm
Protease 10 gm
Glucose anhydrous 02 gm
Nacl 05 gm
Di sodium hydrogen phosphate 2.5 gm
Distilled water 1 liter
PH 7.3 at room temp
Reinforced Medium for Clostridia
Peptone 10 gm
Beef extract 10 gm
Yeast extract 03 gm
Glucose anhydrous 05 gm
Nacl 05 gm
Sodium acetate 03 gm
Soluble starch 01 gm
Cysteine hydrochloride 0.5 gm
Agar 0.5 gm
Distilled water 1 liter
PH 7.3 at room temperature
ENRICHED MEDIA
Blood Agar
Blood agar is widely used as enriched medium in veterinary bacteriology. In
addition, it is an indicator medium showing hemolytic property of bacteria such as

29. Internship Report
29 | P a g e
streptococcus pyogenes. It is generally poured in plates.
The medium is prepared by adding sterile blood to sterile nutrient agar (or
blood agar base) that has been melted and cooled to about 50C. Appropriate quantity
(or blood can be poured from a screw capped bottle. No pipette is necessary as screw
cap keeps lip of the bottles sterile.
Concentration of blood may vary from 5-10%. Either human or animal blood
may be used, the most commonly used source of blood is sheep, cattle, horse, etc.,
or safety considerations have excluded the use of human blood for culture work in
diagnostic laboratories.
A farly thick layer of medium is required to prevent excessive drying during
incubation and if this consists entirely of 10% blood agar, the medium is almost
opaque when viewed by overcomes this difficulty. A thin layer of 10% blood agar
is poured on top of the first layer. Bubbles that may appear during mixing of the
blood and agar can be easily removed by drawing a Bunsen flame quickly across the
surface of medium in a dish.
Production of Biological with Value
Table No.09

30. Internship Report
30 | P a g e
FOOT & MOUTH DISEASE RESEARCH CENTRE
Introduction
Foot and Mouth Disease Research Centre was established in 1964 as a
section of Veterinary Research Institute, Lahore and was declared as independent
center financially and administratively in July, 2001.
AIMS:
a. Production of Tissue Culture Foot and Mouth Disease Vaccine.
b. Diagnosis of Foot &Mouth Disease (FMD) outbreaks and typing of virus
isolates.
c. Epizootiological survey of Foot & Mouth Disease incidence.
d. Production of Foot &Mouth Disease Hyper immune serum.
e. In-service Training for Field Veterinarians.
f. Internship Training of DVM Students.
DIVISION/SECTION
Table NO.10

31. Internship Report
31 | P a g e
RESEARCH ACTIVITIES
1. Preparation and evaluation of trivalent (O, A & Asia-I) oil based vaccine for
Foot & Mouth Disease.
2. Sero prevalence of Foot & Mouth Disease in and around Lahore through
indirect ELISA Technique.
The results of these projects will help in the improvement of vaccine
quality and a better disease control programme.
These research activities have to contribute significantly in the
improvement of Livestock. The findings of these research studies will be used in the
future modernization and improvement of the Foot & Mouth Disease Research
Center activities. Epizootiological Studies are being carried out at F&MDRC.
Samples are collected for the isolation and typing of virus.
MAJOR TASKS
 Preparation & submission of a PC-II to the Government for the conduction of
a feasibility study to establish a mega vaccine production unit based on
suspension culture technique.
 Preparation & submission of a project to IFAD for the improvement of
vaccine quality & quantity at Foot & Mouth Disease Research Center.
Figure NO. 10 Prepared FMD vaccine

32. Internship Report
32 | P a g e
Dairy Farm
Introduction
The Government Dairy Farm was established in 1983 at Dairy Farm Road
loralai. This farm is an experimental station where we keep all the record about the
animals, their pedigree record through exotic semen, milk record of cows/calving
record and feeding trails record.
Goals and Objectives of Government Dairy Farm Loralai: -
o The purpose of this project was to make efforts to overcome the deficiency of
the milk production in Loralai.
o Providing demonstration facilities to local dairy owners in the field of dairy
technology and dairy husbandry and also training facilities for newly
appointed veterinary Officers/Stock Assistants, Internees from different
Universities of Pakistan and Nursing School Students of the Health
Department.
o Providing Male Stock of high yielding Dairy Strains to the local dairy owners
for cross breeding where Artificial Insemination (A.I) facilities are not
available.
o To maintain and expansion of pure Holstein Friesian breed dairy animals. This
farm is an experimental station.

33. Internship Report
33 | P a g e
Housing of Farm Animals at Dairy Farm Loralai: -
Housing of Farm animals is important as it provides shelter against adverse
effects of weather. At Loralai Dairy Farm the combination of both two suitable types
of housing (Loose & Conventional) types/systems can observed. The floor of
paddock is paved with bricks having a thin/medium layer of cow dung for bedding
of animals. Along with feeding manger facing in (head to head system) and there are
two wide water ponds providing clean drinking water free of choice (Adlib tem),
with two entrances from both cow sheds.
Milking Cows Sheds: -
These are arranged in double rows partitions in a manner face to face out (Tail to
Tail System). As with this system there is lesser chance of disease spread. The
inside floor is made of concrete, with rough surface keeping the point in view that
the animal should not slip the drains capable of draining out the waste material
(dung) and liquid excreta without getting blocked.
Tie Stalls: -
The stalls provide greater comfort to the cows. The cows are fastened by
means of a chain 1.5 meter which snaps to neck strep on cow.
Feeding Manger: -
These are continuous and made of cement concrete material having no
removable partitions for individual cow with low front height.
Alleys: -
The width of central walk (alley) is of (8 Feet) with two drains running parallel
each other these afterward joining the main gutters. There is feeding alley (4 feet)
on both sides of cow barns (east and west) is also available.
Walls: -
The walls having continuous ventilator for that prevent dampness inside the
barn.
Doors: Height of doors = 7 feet.
Width of doors = 8.5 feet.

34. Internship Report
34 | P a g e
The middle of both sheds has gates for entrance into shed and one gate from
open area. In both barns an area of 96 sq. of depth of 2 feet is placed for preparation
of ration and three arches are specified in each shed for milking of the cows.
Calving Pen: -
Special accommodation for pregnant animals in the form of loose housing that
is enclosed from all sides with common feeding manager and water trough.
Isolation Box: -
A loose box specified for sick/diseased animals with feeding manager and
water trough in each.
Shed for young Stock
Housing of Calves: -
At farm calves are being sheltered in a separate calf house or calf shed under
loose housing system with feeding manager and water trough in each.
Housing of Young Stock: -
Under loose housing system for an efficient management at the farm the
young stock is divided into four groups/classes according to their age. Each class is
provided with common feeding manager and water trough in and out side of each
young stock shed.
Besides these structures the farm has separate bullock shed, shed for dried
pregnant cows, and shed for pregnant heifers. Stores for storage of feed stuff(cotton
seed cake, rice polish, wheat bran and molasses) a huge shed having tin roof for
storage of wheat straw, rooms for keeping of dead stock, a hall having milk cooling
tank and milk cane for transport of milk are also available.

35. Internship Report
35 | P a g e
Farm Managements
A clean environment, good nutrition, and absence of disease free atmosphere are the
essentials of better management that ensuring healthy and productive Farm animals.
Management include all those necessary steps that up-lifts the performance and
production at farm such as:
 Good quality of clean fresh water and adequate feed.
 Clean, dry and comfortable housing with adequate ventilation and appropriate
ambient temperature.
 Freedom of movement
 Prevention of diseases
 Proper diagnosis and treatment of injuries and disease
1. Care of Animals
2. Care of Cows
3. Care of calves
4. Identification of ANIMALS AT Farm
5. Dehorning
6. Rising and care of breeding Bull at Farm
7. Care of Milking Cows
8. Caution in handling
9.Cattle Crush
Nutrition
As the thumb rule and for the sake of economy feed (green fodder along with
concentrate mixture expect wheat straw) is given 1/10 of its body.

36. Internship Report
36 | P a g e
Disease Control Measure
1. Vaccination
Adequate precaution must be taken to prevent all kinds of diseases; rigorous
health control measures are taken from early age. Vaccination against various viral
and bacterial diseases is most important because it is most effective way of
prevention of specific disease by inducing immunity. All type of vaccines is not
capable of imparting lifelong immunity. So the period of effectiveness of particular
vaccine, the dosage and route of administration are essential factors which should be
considered. Each vaccine is done on due date according to following vaccination
schedule.
2. Spray
Like FMD and piroplasmosis (include a group of heamoprotozone parasites) such
as babesiosis anaplasmosis and theleriosis is a big threat for these animals and main
source of transmission of all these disease are the ticks and biting flies. All the
premises of the farm are sprayed regularly.
3. Deworming
The deworming programme against infestation of internal parasites
(endoparasites) is under taken bi-annually in November and April.

37. Internship Report
37 | P a g e
Treatment of Sick/Diseased Animal
The treatment of sick/diseased animals is initiated on basis of clinical
diagnosis than later on samples for laboratory confirmation.
Some Other Essentials in Dairy Cattle Management
 Heat Detection
 Artificial Insemination (A.I)
 Pregnancy Diagnosis
 Drying off the Dairy Cows
 Grooming and washing of Cows
 Hoof trimming
 Culling of the Farm Animals
 Use of Refused Feed and Dung
Record keeping
Following record are maintained in Dairy Farm Loralai
A.I Article Register, Medicine Stock Register, Medicine Consumption
Register, A.I Record Register, Log Book of the various Vehicles, Feed Stock
Register, Feed Consumption Register, Herd Statistic Register, Milk Record
Register, Pedigree Record Register, Treatment Register, Dead Stock Register,
Milk Sale Register, and Consumer Article Register.

38. Internship Report
38 | P a g e
CONCLUSION
This internship was a great experience to me. It was a real pleasure for
me to work in Poultry Farm, Dairy Farm and Veterinary Research Institute. I
worked with nice people in a good atmosphere. Carrying out this internship
in different department of veterinary Sciences, allows me to be immerged in
a different ways to meet several interesting people in and out of the institutes
(Poultry Farm, Dairy Farm and Veterinary Research Institute) such as
Veterinary Officers, A.I Officers, Researchers, and to learn a lot of thing
which added my knowledge.