Mating behaviors in domestic species Matting and social behaviors of different species comparative reproduction

1. Mating and Social Behaviors
of Different Species
Dr. Muhammad Awais Tatari

2. Mating Behaviour
Pairing of opposite sex, usually for the purposes of sexual reproduction
Each Species has special sexual behaviour (Species-specific) and within
species there is a differences between male and female.

3. Components of Sexual behavior
Precopulatory behavior
Copulatory behaviour
Postcopulatory behavior

4. Pre-copulatory Behavior
In Male
Sexual desire (Libido) or arousal
Courtship (Pre-copulatory behavior)

5. Male Pre-copulatory behaviour
(Courtship Or Foreplay )
A. Chemical Communication (Olfaction ion & gustatory)
B. Tactile communication
C. Auditory communication

6. A. Chemical Communication
Through sniffing and licking to
◦ The female genital opening
◦ or urine
◦ or the bedding
◦ to detect chemical substance called Pheromones
Response of the male
◦ (Chin resting behaviour)
◦ Flehmen phenomenon
◦ Camel rises his limb on his neck
Response of female
◦ Standing behaviour

7. Flehmen phenomenon
The male raise its head
Extends the neck
Curling upper lip( exposing of the teeth)
Opening of the nostrils

8. B. Tactile communication
The male lick and nuzzling the perineal region of female
(sheep, goat, cattle )
In horse: the stallion bites the female at the neck.
Swine : the male noses the female at the flank region.

9. Foreplay in horse and Goat

10. C. Auditory communication
Vocalization increases during courtship
Stallion ___________ Snort
Ram ___________ baaing

11. Female Pre-copulatory behaviour
(Courtship or Clues)
The Female in oestrus must provide the clues (Stimuli) for mating to the male as
A. Chemical or Olfactory communication
B. Visual communication
C. Auditory communication
D. Tactile communication
E. Motor clues( Posture & movement)

12. A. Chemical Clues or
Olfactory Communication
 By pheromones (chemical substance )
She-camel (poll gland)
Queen (special gland, anal gland)
Male rat detect oesterus female at some distance by odour.
Male dogs are attracted to the urine of oesterus bitch.
Presence of pheromones in urine of cattle

13. B. Visual clues or communication
Chimpanzees
Swelling and reddening of the skin at perennial region called sexual skin

14. C. Auditory communication
Through vocalization during oestrus as:
Cow : bellow
Ewe : bleat
Mare : snort
Cat : emits a heat cry

15. D. Tactile communication
Through
licking (cow, sheep)
and rubbing of perianal area (cats )

16. E. Motor clues( Posture & movement)
increased motor activities restless and continuous moving
Standing heat in cow
Female lion (lioness) : may crawl up to and squeeze underneath the lion if he is
not responsive to her advances and odour

17. 2. Copulatory Behaviour

18. Male copulatory behaviour
Erection and protrusion of penis
Mounting and fixation
Intromission
Ejaculation and ejaculatory thrust
Dismounting

19. Erection and protrusion of penis from
prepuce
In most animals, erection occurs before mounting
In camel the full protrusion occur after mounting

20. Mounting and fixation
In she camel the mounting occur in sitting position
In cat and Rabbit the male bite the scruff (behind the head or at the neck)
Successful mounting
Mounts ____ fixation of his fore legs around the female ____ grasp her firmly ___ pelvic thrusts

21. Intromission
Contraction of the abdominal muscle (rectus abdomenus) results :
The direct contact (apposition) of the pelvic region of male to the female
external genitalia then the intromission occur (copulation)

22. Ejaculation and ejaculatory thrust
Reach the os-cervix
◦ in cattle and sheep
Reach the uterus
◦ in horse and swine
General muscle contraction
◦ in ram, buck, and bull
Dismounting :
◦ penis soon retracted into the prepuce

23. Female Copulatory behaviour
Oestrus pattern
Oestrus detection
Receptivity and mating by the male

24. Oestrus pattern
Spontaneous poly-estrus
cow mare she ass
 Seasonally :
mono oestrus (bitch)
Poly oestrus (ewe, she camel )
Non-spontaneous poly-estrus after coitus
(rabbit , cat , ferret)

25. Oestrus detection
In cow
Bellowing
Mounting on other cows
Standing heat
Restlessness and excitable
In Mare
◦ Frequent urination
◦ Winking (movement of clitoris)
◦ Straddling posture

26. Oestrus detection
In Ewe:
Teaser Ram
Switching tail
Frequent urination
In Cat
Lordosis
In She-camel
Seek the male
Stand still mounted by male

27. Receptivity and mating by the male
When the male approach the female:
standing heat as in farm animals
the female cat, rabbit, and swine take the lordosis (Crouched)
 Female stimulated by the male
arched back, and downward at the center
bring the chest in contact with the ground.
bring the genital region up.
the tail if present is turned to one side.

28. Post-copulatory Behaviour

29. Male post-copulatory Behaviour
Refractory Period
Refractoriness:
Post-coital displays are scarce in domestic animals
Most animals show sexual inactivity immediately after copulation
Ram and buck in exception usually lick the penis after ejaculation .
Cats smell the site of copulation .
The duration of this period is variable and modified by environmental stimuli
(5 min to one hour )
This period is decreased by changing the female

30. Male post-copulatory Behaviour
Frequency of copulation :
Varies with species, breed, ratio of male and female, climate, and period of
sexual rest.
High No. of ejaculation is in bull and Rams than stallion and Boar.
Bulls copulate 80 times/ 24 hours
The buck, Stallion reach exhaustion after smaller No. of ejaculation

31. Female post-copulatory Behaviour
Orgasm-Like reaction
Orgasm-like reaction
Occur in cow just after copulation
The cow arches her back and elevate the tail and keep this urinating posture for
several minutes

32. Female post-copulatory Behaviour
Post-mating behaviour in Queen:
As the male withdraws his penis after ejaculation and due to spines, it cause
pain and the cat make a dramatic cry .
The cat turn aggressively on the male.
In case of familiar male, she again rolls on the floor and licks her vulva .

33. Social Behaviour

34. Social Behaviour of Cattle
The concept of “Cattle Social Behaviour” was discussed significantly for the first time by
Woodbury in early 40s.
Cattle are considered as gregarious animal.

35. Continue…
Likeness
 Favorable relationship in a group.
 Low aggressive interactions.
Individual space
 Individual space or flight zone refers to the space around animals which avoid interfering with
other conspecific or humans.
Dominance
 referring to the ability of an individual to suppress the behaviour of one individual or group of
animals in a herd.
Homosexual behaviour
 Catttle mount on each other, while no homosexual behavior in buffalo.
Co-operative behaviour in buffalo.
 Lives in social and stable group.

36. Social Behaviour of Camel
Camels like to stay together in groups called herds.
They form herds of about 20 individuals.
The herds are led by a dominant male
Bachelor herd.
Camels are very social and like to greet each other by blowing in each other's
faces.
Camels are known for spitting on people.
Groups travel in a single-file line and graze on desert plants about 8-12 hours per
day.

37. Social Behavior Dog-Dog
From a young age, dogs engage in play with one another
Dog play is made up primarily of mock fights
It is training important for behaviors later in life
 Dogs signal their intent to play with a range of behaviors
play-bow
face-pawed
open-mouthed play face
Play between puppies is not necessarily a 50:50 symmetry of
dominant and submissive roles

38. Social Behavior Dog-Human
Playful
Loyal
Strong Social Bondage
Separation anxiety
Tameness
Service dogs
Detection dogs
 Attack dogs

39. Social behavior of Sheep
Sheep display an intensely gregarious social instinct that allows them to bond
closely to other sheep and preferentially to related flock members.
Flock mentality movements protect individuals from predators.
Flock dynamics are apparent in groups of four or more as evidenced by
willingness to follow a leader or flee in unison.
Recognize familiar human or ovine faces for as long as 2 yr.