1. Ch. 14, sec. 1

2. Motivations for Exploration
 Spices! Used for:
 Preserving food
 Flavoring meat
 Medicine
 Perfume
 Moluccas
 Island chain called the
“spice islands”

4. Portugal Sails
East
 Prince Henry the Navigator
 Founded school for
sailors, cartographers, and scientists
 Never actually sailed on any voyages
 Wanted to explore Africa- why?
 Explored western coast of Africa
 Bartholomeu Diaz rounds the tip of
Africa (Cape of Good Hope) in 1488.

5. Portugal Reaches India
 Vasco da Gama
 Following same route as
Diaz
 Rounded Cape of Good
Hope
 Crossed Indian Ocean to
India
 Portugal gained control
of many trade ports in
the Indian Ocean

6. Columbus sails West
 Italian Navigator
 Wanted to find a route to
the East Indies by going
West
 Portugal refused to
sponsor his voyage
 Spain agreed
 Who ruled Spain?
 What was going on in
Spain?

7. Voyage of Columbus
 Leaves Spain in 1492 with 3 ships
 Reached the Caribbean after 2 months
 Thought he was in India- called the
natives “Indians”
 Took 3 more voyages
 Still thought he was in Asia

8. Dividing the Globe
 Arguments over
land exploration
rights
 Treaty of
Tordesillas
 Line of
Demarcation
○ Spain had lands
to the west
○ Portugal had
lands to the east

9. Magellan
 Searching for direct
route to the spice
islands
 Discovered Straight of
Magellan
 His ship was first to
circumnavigate the
globe

10. The Slave
Trade
 Europeans bought slaves to work on
their large plantations in the Americas
 Relied on African leaders to capture the
slaves and bring them to the coast
 Received weapons, tobacco, rum, etc in
exchange
 Read box on p. 267

11. African Leaders Resist
 Affonso I
 Ruler of Kongo
 Forced to convert to
Christianity
 Tried to convince the
Portuguese to end the
slave trade
 Some African leaders
banned slave traders
from passing through
their kingdoms

12. New African States Arise
 Many African states
benefitted from the slave
trade
 Asante Kingdom
○ Traded gold and slaves for
guns
 Oyo Empire
○ Gained $$ from slave trade
and built a large army to
defeat surrounding tribes

13. European Presence
Expands
 Dutch immigrants in
South Africa
 Est. Cape Town
 Dutch farmers called
Boers
 Killed or enslaved the
local Africans
 French and British
explorers conquered
much of North Africa