This document discusses the different components and types of fisheries in India. It covers inland fisheries including capture fisheries from rivers, reservoirs, and lakes, as well as culture fisheries conducted on fish farms. It also discusses coastal fisheries including estuarine fisheries that provide nursery grounds for fish and brakishwater fisheries. Finally, it covers marine fisheries along India's east and west coasts and the types of fish found in each region.
Carps form the mainstay of aquaculture in India contributing over 85% of the total aquaculture production There are 61,259 species of vertebrates recognized world; over 30,700 are fish species of which 8,411 ore fresh water while 11,650 are marine. In India 2,163 spp. are fin fishes have been recorded from upland cold water (157; 7.26%) warm water of the plain (54; 20.99%), Brackish water (182; 8.41%) and marine environment (1,370; 63.43%). Some of these species are cultured at commercial level which covering a lot varieties of fin fishes The three Indian major carps, namely Catla (Catla catla), Rohu (Labeo rohita) and Mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigal) contribute the bulk of production to the extent of 75 to85 percent of the total fresh water fish production, the three exotic carp such as Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and Common carp (Cyprinus carpio ), Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella )form the second important group to incorporate several other medium and minor carp and into the carp poly culture system several method were used because of their region specific consumer preference and higher market demand.
History
Carp culture in India was restricted only to a homestead backyard pond activity in west Bengal and Odisha until late 1950 s with seed from riverine sources as the only input resulting low level of production the technological breakthrough breeding of carp through hypophysation in 1957 freshwater aquaculture of the country the country till 1984 virtually laid the foundation of scientific carp farming in the country.
Important characteristics of Indian major carps:-
Indian major carp grow fast and can reproduce even in artificial ponds. They feed upon phytoplankton, zooplankton, decaying organic matter, aquatic plant etc. stomach is absent in the alimentary canal of the major carps. Three types of Indian major carps are cultured in
Fertilized fish eggs are known as Fish seeds. In simple words, they are the baby fishes used for seeding new Ponds in fisheries. Fish seed transportation is a process by which transfer of fish seed from the hatchery or place of collection to the rearing ponds.
A fishing gear is the tool with which aquatic resources are captured, whereas the fishing method is how the gear is used. Gear also includes harvesting organisms.
Dr. K. Rama Rao
Department of Zoology
Govt, Degree College
TEKKALI; Srikakulam Dt: A.P.
Carps form the mainstay of aquaculture in India contributing over 85% of the total aquaculture production There are 61,259 species of vertebrates recognized world; over 30,700 are fish species of which 8,411 ore fresh water while 11,650 are marine. In India 2,163 spp. are fin fishes have been recorded from upland cold water (157; 7.26%) warm water of the plain (54; 20.99%), Brackish water (182; 8.41%) and marine environment (1,370; 63.43%). Some of these species are cultured at commercial level which covering a lot varieties of fin fishes The three Indian major carps, namely Catla (Catla catla), Rohu (Labeo rohita) and Mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigal) contribute the bulk of production to the extent of 75 to85 percent of the total fresh water fish production, the three exotic carp such as Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and Common carp (Cyprinus carpio ), Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella )form the second important group to incorporate several other medium and minor carp and into the carp poly culture system several method were used because of their region specific consumer preference and higher market demand.
History
Carp culture in India was restricted only to a homestead backyard pond activity in west Bengal and Odisha until late 1950 s with seed from riverine sources as the only input resulting low level of production the technological breakthrough breeding of carp through hypophysation in 1957 freshwater aquaculture of the country the country till 1984 virtually laid the foundation of scientific carp farming in the country.
Important characteristics of Indian major carps:-
Indian major carp grow fast and can reproduce even in artificial ponds. They feed upon phytoplankton, zooplankton, decaying organic matter, aquatic plant etc. stomach is absent in the alimentary canal of the major carps. Three types of Indian major carps are cultured in
Fertilized fish eggs are known as Fish seeds. In simple words, they are the baby fishes used for seeding new Ponds in fisheries. Fish seed transportation is a process by which transfer of fish seed from the hatchery or place of collection to the rearing ponds.
A fishing gear is the tool with which aquatic resources are captured, whereas the fishing method is how the gear is used. Gear also includes harvesting organisms.
Dr. K. Rama Rao
Department of Zoology
Govt, Degree College
TEKKALI; Srikakulam Dt: A.P.
Exotic fish introduction to india and their impact on indigenous speciesAshish sahu
The exotic varieties of fish have been found to encroach the natural water bodies and adversely affect the indigenous fish species. ... Owing to extensive practice of composite culture, three fast growing exotic fishes are introduced along with the three Indian major carps.
Modern developments in transport technology are from two levels; one is from an understanding of internal physiological mechanisms of the fish and the optimal requirements, ensuring maximum survival of fish under transport and the other is from a study of the environmental parameters of the medium in which fish are transported. Under anaesthesia fish can be transported without water even, provided the skin and gills are kept moist under low temperature. The cryopreservation of fish sperm for use at any convenient time can be referred to here, though this would concern seed production more directly than live seed transport.
Exotic fish introduction to india and their impact on indigenous speciesAshish sahu
The exotic varieties of fish have been found to encroach the natural water bodies and adversely affect the indigenous fish species. ... Owing to extensive practice of composite culture, three fast growing exotic fishes are introduced along with the three Indian major carps.
Modern developments in transport technology are from two levels; one is from an understanding of internal physiological mechanisms of the fish and the optimal requirements, ensuring maximum survival of fish under transport and the other is from a study of the environmental parameters of the medium in which fish are transported. Under anaesthesia fish can be transported without water even, provided the skin and gills are kept moist under low temperature. The cryopreservation of fish sperm for use at any convenient time can be referred to here, though this would concern seed production more directly than live seed transport.
wetlands. ramsar sites of kera;a..general info about the wetlands, its type, significane...etc...similarly about Ramsar sites, its criterias and detaios about 3 important sites of kerala
Finfish breeding and hatchery management pdfKartik Mondal
Rivers were the major source of freshwater fish seed in India during 1950’s and 1960’s.
Over the years, the riverine contribution has declined and at present forms only a supplementary source, constituting less than 5% of the country’s total fish seed production.
The Ganga, the Brahmaputra and the Indus river systems in the North and the Peninsular East coast and the West coast river systems in the South are the important natural sources of fish seed.
Contents:
Importance of wetlands of Pakistan in the national and international context.
Types of wetlands in Pakistan with respect to area.
Most significant wetlands of Pakistan,
Four major wetland complexes /demonstration sites of Pakistan categorized under WWF-Pakistan Wetland Program (PWP).
Nineteen Internationally recognized Ramsar sites of Pakistan
It is my academic presentation file which I presented with my friend in the last semester exam. It describe the major estuaries in Bangladesh. Also input these estuaries geographical location , characteristics , physio - chemical parameters , species abundance ,importance etc. ...
The Kerala backwaters are a network of brackish lagoons and lakes lying parallel to the Arabian Sea coast (known as the Malabar Coast) of Kerala state in southern India, as well as interconnected canals, rivers, and inlets, a labyrinthine system formed by more than 900 kilometres (560 mi) of waterways, and sometimes compared to American bayous.[3] The network includes five large lakes linked by canals, both man made and natural, fed by 38 rivers, and extending virtually half the length of Kerala state. The backwaters were formed by the action of waves and shore currents creating low barrier islands across the mouths of the many rivers flowing down from the Western Ghats range. In the midst of this landscape, there are a number of towns and cities, which serve as the starting and endpoints of backwater cruises.
he Ganges or Ganga (Hindustani: [ˈɡəŋɡaː]), is a trans-boundary river of South Asia which flows through India and Bangladesh. The 2,704 km (1,680 mi) river originates from the Gangotri Glacier of western Himalayas in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, and flows south and east through the Gangetic Plain of India and Bangladesh, eventually emptying into the Bay of Bengal.
Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park is a beautiful place, located in the Ramanathpuram & Tuticorin districts of the state of Tamil Nadu. The park is the core area of the Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve. This is the first marine Biosphere Reserve in India. It was established in the year of 1980. Total area of the park is 6.23 Km 2.
The Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park is a protected area of India consisting of 21 small islands (islets) and adjacent coral reefs in the Gulf of Mannar in the Indian Ocean. It lies 1 to 10 km away from the east coast of Tamil Nadu, India for 160 km between Thoothukudi (Tuticorin) and Dhanushkodi.
The Gulf of Mannar (/ m ə ˈ n ɑːr / mə- NAR) is a large shallow bay forming part of the Laccadive Sea in the Indian Ocean. It lies between the west coast of Sri Lanka and the southeastern tip of India, in the Coromandel Coast region.
The Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park (GOM MNP) comprises of 21 islands surrounded by coral reef areas along with shallow water habitat of unique marine biodiversity. Sea horse, Sea Cow, Dolphins, sea cucumbers etc. are seen here.
9.267°N 77.433°E / 9.267; 77.433 Ramanathapuram District is an administrative district of Tamil Nadu state in southern India. The town of Ramanathapuram is the district headquarters. Ramanthapuram District has an area of 4123 km 2.
The cold water fisheries deal with fisheries activity in water where temperature of water ranges from 5 to 25 degrees centigrade. The water temperature under cold water fisheries should not be more than 25°C even in summer. Such conditions in India occur in Himalayan and peninsular regions.
9 Finest Coldwater Aquarium Fish
Orangethroat Darter.
Three-Spined Stickleback.
Orange-Spotted Sunfish.
Diamond Sturgeon.
Siberian Sturgeon.
Sterlet.
Fathead Minnow.
Southern redbelly dace.
Tench.
Rosy Barb. Hailing from Afghanistan and Bangladesh, this little fish is tolerant of temperatures in …
Gold Barb. The gold bard, or Chinese barb, is an extremely popular cold-water fish. Any aquarium …
Two Spot Barb. This fish hails from Nepal, India, and Pakistan. The omnivorous two spot barb …
Bloodfin Tetra. Natives to Southern Brazil and Paraguay, both the standard bloodfin .
Coldwater fish in terms of the aquarium trade refers to any fish species that prefer cooler water temperatures. The optimal temperatures for these fish hover around the 68-degree mark, although each species’ temperature range may vary from the norm.
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Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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4. Fisheries in India
Fisheries is divided into three main types:
• Freshwater Fisheries (Inland Fisheries)
• Brakishwater Fisheries
• Marine Fisheries
Inland Fisheries are of two types:
i) Capture Fisheries
ii) Culture Fisheries
5. i) Capture Fisheries: it is mainly concerned
with catching fishes from rivers(Riverine
Fisheries), Reservoir Fisheries, Lakes
(Lacustrine Fisheries), estuaries
(Estuarine Fisheries),
ii) Culture Fisheries: it is provided by small
water bodies (tanks, jheels, ponds etc.)
where important culturable fishes are
rared and bred on scientific lines by
constructing Fish Farm.
6. Riverine Fisheries In India
Rivers in India constitute the backbone of
capture Fisheries.
There are 114 major and minor rivers along
with their tributaries.
Combined length: 45,000 km
Catchment area: 720,000 sqkm
7. Principal Riverine fishery resources
of India
1) The Ganges River System
2) The Brahmaputra River System
3) The Indus River System
4) The East Coast River System
5) The West Coast River System
9. The Ganga River System
It is the largest river system in India. It is the
perennial river originating from the Gangotri
near Himalayas, enters the plains at Haridwar
passes through the states of UP, Bihar & West
Bengal & ultimately joins the Bay of Bengal.
The principal tributories are rivers Ramganga,
Gomati, Ghagra, Gandak, Kosi, Yamuna &
Sons.
Length : 8047 km
Catchment area: 9.71 lakh sq. Km
10. • Phytoplankton: Amphora, Navicula,
Cymbella,Chlorella, Closterium, Denticula,
Spirogyra, Anabaena, Nostoc, Oscilatoria
etc.
• Zooplankton: Rotaria, Keratella,
Monostyla, Polyarthra etc.
• Fisheries : major carps, minor carps,
catfishes, cluipeids, murrels, featherbacks,
freshwater eel and prawns.
12. The Brahmaputra River System
This river system originates from glacier mass
near Mansarowar Lake, crosses through Tibet,
Arunachal, Assam & Bangladesh joins the
Ganga at Goalundo & ultimately joins the Bay
of Bengal through Meghna estuary.
Tributaries: Jiodhal, Ranganadi, Phulamari,
Champamali (north side); Dihang, Disang,
Jhanji, Digru, Krishna etc. (south side)
Length : 2900 km
Catchment area: 2 lakh sq. Km
13. • Phytoplankton: Spirogyra, Ulothrix,
Gomphonema, Navicula, Oscillatoria,
Zygnema, etc.
• Zooplankton: Brachionus, Cyclops,
Bosmina, Daphnia, Nauplius etc.
• Fisheries : Wallago attu, Labeo rohita,
Minor carps, Hilsa, Tor tor, Labeo gonius,
Mystus menoda, M. bleekeri, Rita rita,
Channa spp., Heteropneustus, fossilis,
Noyopterus spp., Catla catla, Cirrhinus
mrigala, C. reba etc.
14. Major Fishes Of Brahmaputra
River System
Labeo gonius Notopterus notopterus
Puntius sarana Wallago attu
15. The Indus River System
The Indus rises about 100 km North of
Mansarowar & flows NorthWest through Tibet
before entering Kashmir. After flowing about 800
km it turns south through Ladakh range. It enters
Pakistan through Kashmir.
It has five tributories in its left bank, namely:
Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas & Sutlej and
ultimately joins the Arabian Sea.
The fishes found here are of mixed varieties.
such as major carps (Catla, Rohu, and Catfishes)
16. The East Coast River System
It constitutes of four major rivers :
Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna & Kaveri.
The East Coast rivers ultimately joins the Bay of
Bengal.
Main fishes of Godavari river are: 1465 km (length),
315,980 sq. Km (catchment area)
Catla catla Channa striatus
17. Main fishes of Krishna river are :1401km
(length), 233,229 sq. Km (catchment area)
Main fishes of Cauveri river are : 800 km
(length), 4,70000 sq. Km (catchment area)
Tor putitora Barbus dubias
Mystus seenghala Hilsa ilisha
18. The Peninsular River System
The Western Coast river system is also known
as Peninsular river system. It has two imp.
Rivers, namely: Narmada & Tapi.
The Narmada originates in the Amarkantak
Hills, M.P & terminates in the Gulf of Cambay
after crossing Gujarat state.The catchment area
is about 94,235 sq.km.
The Tapi river has its origin in Mount Vindhya
crosses through M.P, Maharashtra & Gujarat &
ultimately joins the Arabian Sea. The
catchment area is about 48,000 sq.km.
19. Major Fishes Of Peninsular
River System
Main fishes of Narmada river are:
Notopterus notopterus Labeo calbasu
Main fishes of Tapi river are:
Mystus seenghala Tor tor
20. RIVER
SYSTEM
LENGTH
(KM)
CATCHMENT
AREA
(SQ KM)
FISHES
GANGA 8047 96.6 m ha 265 Sp; Schizothorax sp,
mahaseers, cat
fishes(siluridae), Labeo sp,
Feather backs etc Gangetic
Major carps inlower stretches
BRAHMAPUTR
A
4027 5,80,000 126 sp; Tor sp, chocolate
mahseer, Bagarius sp:,
catfishes, major carps, Hilsa
etc.
Middle – catfishes dominates
INDUS --- ---- JHELUM - commercial fishery
Brown trout, common carps,
loaches, Labeo dero etc
21. EAST COAST
1. MAHANADI
2. GODAVARI
3. KRISHNA
4. CAUVERY
6437
857
1465
1280
850
1,41,600
233229
SIMILAR TO GANGA. Hilsa
at lower reaches
Carps, Large Cat fishes,
FWprawn
Dam construction affect
fisheries.
Tor sp: and cat fishes
WESTCOAST
1. NARMADA
2. TAPTI
3380
1312
720
94235
48000
Mahseer, Labeo sp, Wallago
attu, Channa sp etc
Mahseer, Labeo kalbasu,
Mystus sp, Wallago attu.
22. Crafts and gears
• Shallow waters
Nets: trap and cast nets
• Deep waters
Seines, drag nets, gill nets, drift net, dip net,
bag nets, fixed trap nets, hooks and lines.
23.
24. RESERVOIR FISHERIES
• Reservoir is a natural or artificial place where water is
collected and stored for use, especially for supplying a
community, irrigating land, furnishing power etc.
• Cover more than 1% of the country’s land surface. Total
area : 31.5 lakh ha
• Yield : 20 kg/ha/yr
• Majorly used for Power generation, irrigation, flood
control, recreation.
• Fishery is considered as bye product.
• Major reservoir of India:
Beas dam, Pong dam, Pandoh dam, Gandhi sagar,
Hirakund, Rana partap sagar.
25.
26.
27. TYPES AREA (ha) NUMBER
LARGE > 5000 56
MEDIUM 1000 – 5000 180
SMALL <1000 19134
Hirakud Reservoir is the largest reservoir in the country
with an area of 74592 ha .
Peninsular states account for more than 56 % of the
total area . 94% of the small and 34% of the reservoirs
are here.
T N has the maximum number of reservoirs (8906)
Karnataka(4679) and A P (2937)
Present fish production from reservoirs is estimated at
0.94 lakh t
Small reservoirs contribute the catches(74%)followed
by the large (19%)medium(7%)
Average fish production of large and medium reservoirs is
13kg/ha(11- 15kg/ha) and that of small reservoirs is
50kg/ha
28. • Lentic water bodies and temperate
reservoirs develop thermal stratification due
to which reservoir has different fishery than
river and natural lakes.
29. Fishes
• Local fishes as well as exotic fishes.
• Catla catla, Labeo rohita, L. calbasu, and
Cirrhina mrigala,
• Cyprinus carpio spp.
• Reservoirs support natural hybridisation
which leads to production of intergeneric
hybrids.
• Gears used in reservoir fisheries:
Gill nets
30. LACUSTRINE FISHERIES
• A lake is defined as all large bodies of
standing water.
Zonation in lake
31. Fishes in lakes
Cold water species: trouts
Indigenous species: major carps, minor
carps, cat fishes, clupids, murrels etc
Game fishes: brown trout and rainbow
trout, mahseer.
34. ESTUARINE FISHERIES
• Estuaries are the water passages where
the river currents mix with the tides.
• Shallow, well oxygenated , temperature
varies with depth and season.
• More productive than river and sea.
• Serve as nursery grounds for juveniles
because conditions are conductive to rapid
growth.
35. Open estuarine fishery
RESIDENT FISH
•Ex: Mogul parsia,
Lates calcarifer,
Hilsa sinensis
ANADROMOUS
MIGRATORY
FISH
•Migrate from sea
to fresh water
rivers to spawn.
•Ex: Hilsa ilisha,
Polynemus
paradiseus
CATADROMOUS
MIGRATORY
FISH
•Migrate from
fresh water to sea
to spawn.
•Ex: Pangasius
pangasius
38. Healthy estuaries can provide many different values
and perform many important functions.
Flood control
Nursery areas
Migratory stopovers
Recreation
Production of biomass
Safe harbor
Feeding grounds
39. MARINE FISHERIES
Marine Fisheries:-The marine fisheries deal
with the fishing activities in the oceans and
seas.
Indian coast 4667 km. (Main Land)
Continental shelf 259 lakh sq. km.
West coast is more productive than east
coast.