Sundarbans is the largest mangrove in the world.

1. MIGHTY SUNDARBANS
BY- SOUMYADEEP PAL (M.SC-1ST WLB)

2. INTRODUCTION
•SUNDARBAN is one of the most valuable
biodiversity asset for India.
•Sundarbans is a mangrove wetland situated
in the Ganges delta.
•It is enlisted as UNESCO world heritage site, its
also a biodiversity hotspot.

3. BIOGEOGRAPHY OF SUNDARBANS
•Sundarbans situated in the largest river delta in
the world.
•India has one third part of the Sundarbans.
•It lies in the vast delta on the Bay of Bengal
formed by the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers
across India and Bangladesh.

4. BIOGEOGRAPHY
•Sundarbans freshwater swamp forests lie inland
from the mangrove forests on the coastal fringe.
•The Indian part of Sundarbans is estimated to be
about 4,110 km2(1,590 sq mi), of which about
1,700 km2 (660 sq mi) is occupied by water
bodies.

5. PHYSIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES
•The Sundarbans is intersected by a complex
network of tidal waterways, mudflats and small
islands of salt-tolerant mangrove forests.
•The brackish swamp forests that lie behind
the Sundarbans Mangroves, where the salinity is
more pronounced.
•The water is only slightly brackish and becomes
quite fresh during the rainy season.

6. FLORA DIVERSITY
•The Sundarbans freshwater swamp forests are
a tropical moist broadleaf forest.
•The dominant mangrove species Heritiera
fomes is locally known as sundari.
•They have a thick canopy, and undergrowth.
•This trees have special adaptation to handle salt
water.

7. FLORA
•Twenty-six of the fifty broad mangrove species
found in the world grow well in the Sundarbans
like Avicennia, Xylocarpus
mekongensis, Xylocarpus granatum.
•The varieties of the forests that exist in
Sundarbans include mangrove scrub, littoral
forest, saltwater mixed forest, brackish
water mixed forest and swamp forest.

8. FAUNA DIVERSITY
•The Sundarbans provides a unique ecosystem,
animals and adaptation that found here, found
no where in the world.
•The Sundarbans have about 180 tigers (106 in
Bangladesh and 74 in India), 2011 cencus.

9. MAMMALS
•The Sundarbans most famous animal is the Royal
Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris).
•The forest also provides habitat for small wild
cats such as the jungle cat (Felis chaus), fishing
cat (Prionailurus viverrinus), and leopard cat (P.
bengalensis).
•Fishing cat is the state animal of WB.

10. MAMMALS

11. MAMMALS
•Tiger they hunt scarce prey such as
the chital deer (Axis axis), Indian
muntjacs (Muntiacus muntjak), wild boar (Sus
scrofa), and Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta).
•About 30,000 spotted deer in the area.

12. AVES
•286 species of birds including the
endemic brown-winged kingfishers.
•The globally threatened lesser
adjutants (Leptoptilos javanicus) and masked
finfoots (Heliopais personata) and birds of prey
such as the ospreys (Pandion haliaetus).

13. AVES
•Some more popular birds found in this region
are open billed storks, black-headed ibis, water
hens, coots, pheasant-tailed jacanas, pariah
kites, brahminy kites, marsh harriers, swamp
partridges, red junglefowls.

14. AQUAFAUNA
•Mangroves are a transition from the marine to
freshwater and terrestrial systems, and provide
critical habitat for numerous species of small
fish, crabs, shrimps and other crustaceans.
•The Sundarbans National Park is home to olive
ridley turtle, hawksbill turtle, green turtle, sea
snake, dog-faced water snake, saltwater
crocodile, South Asian river dolphin.

15. AQUAFAUNA
•Sundarbans include sawfish, butter fish, electric
ray, common carp, silver carp, barb, river
eels, starfish, king crab, fiddler crab, hermit
crab, prawn, shrimps.

16. HERPATOFAUNA
•King cobra, Russell's viper, house gecko, monitor
lizard, pythons, common krait, checkered
keelback and rat snake, river terrapin, Indian
flapshell turtle, Indian peacock softshell
turtle (Trionyx hurum), Asian water
monitor (Varanus salvator), and Indian python.

17. ENDANGERED SPECIES
•The endangered include the Bengal
tiger, estuarine crocodile, northern river
terrapin, olive ridley sea turtle, Gangetic dolphin,
ground turtles, hawksbill sea turtles and king
crabs.

18. EXTINCT SPECIES
•Some species such as hog deer (Axis porcinus),
water buffalos (Bubalus bubalis), barasingha or
swamp deer (Cervus duvauceli), Javan rhinoceros
(Rhinoceros sondaicus), Indian
rhinoceros(Rhinoceros unicornis) and
the mugger crocodile.

19. CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT
•Case Studies on Climate Change and World
Heritage" has stated that an anthropogenic 45-
centimetre (18 in) rise in sea level.
•Studies shows Bengal tigers in sundarban, size
reduced in some decaades.
•Natural calamaties like cyclones are very
common this days.

20. ANIMAL HUMAN CONFLICT
•Every year a lot of people die because of tiger
attacks.
•People use this forest their livelihood. For food
source like honey, fish, prawn etc.

21. THANK YOU