Nutrition course for nursing students

2. Objectives
- List at least two food sources of given
minerals.
- List functions of given minerals.
- Describe the recommended method of
avoiding mineral deficiencies.

3. Minerals
- Are inorganic elements necessary to
- build tissues
- regulate body fluids
- assist in various body functions.
- Are soluble in water.

4. - Minerals represent 4% of body weight.
- Minerals are essential for good health.
- Found in all body tissues
- Cannot provide energy by themselves but
contribute to production of energy within
the body

5. Classification of minerals
1- Major minerals
Required in amounts greater than 100
mg/ day
2- Trace minerals
Needed in amounts smaller than 100 mg
/day

6. Electrolytes:
is a substance that ionizes when dissolved
in suitable ionizing solvents such as water
Ions:
Electrically charged atoms resulting from
mineral salts dissolved in water

7. Continue (Ions)
- Its named (cations) if are positively
charged.
- Its named (Anions) if are negatively
charged.
- Must be balanced within the body.
- These ions are known as electrolytes

8. Function of electrolytes
- Maintain the body’s fluid balance
- Contribute to electrical balance
- Assist in transmission of nerve impulses
and contraction of muscles
- Help regulate the body’s acid-base
balance

9. Toxicity from electrolytes (minerals)
- Toxicity occurs when concentrated forms
of minerals are taken regularly over time.
- An excessive amount of one mineral can
lead to deficiency of another mineral.
- Changes in nearly all tissues may result.
- Concentrated minerals should be used
only if prescribed.

10. 1- Major Minerals
- Calcium (Ca++)
- Phosphorus (P)
- Potassium (K+)
- Sodium (Na+)
- Chloride (Cl-)
- Magnesium (Mg)
- Sulfur (S)

11. 2- Trace Minerals
- Iron - Iodine
- Zinc - Selenium
- Copper - Manganese
- Fluoride - Chromium
- Molybdenum

12. Calcium (Ca)
- Human body contains more calcium than
any other mineral
- In combination with phosphorus, gives
strength and hardness to bones and teeth
- Bones provide storage for calcium.

13. Calcium (Ca) needed by the body for:
- Normal nerve and muscle action
- Blood clotting
- Heart function
- And cell metabolism

14. Calcium Regulation
- Hormonal system regulates delivery of
calcium to cells.
- Parathyroid glands are very sensitive to
serum calcium levels and release a
hormone (PTH) telling the kidneys to
retrieve calcium before it is excreted
when blood calcium levels drop.

15. - Parathyroid hormone also increased
release of calcium from bones by
stimulating activity of osteoclasts if the
blood calcium decrease.
- Both actions increase blood calcium
levels.

16. Calcium Sources
- Milk and milk products
- Dark green, leafy vegetables
- When vegetables contain oxalic acid,
as spinach the calcium remains
unavailable because the oxalic acid
binds it and prevents it from being
absorbed.

17. - Also when the intake of fiber exceeds
35 g a day, calcium will also bind with
phytates (phosphorus compounds
found in some high-fiber cereals),
which also limits its absorption.

18. Calcium Requirements
- 0 to 12 months 210 to 270 mg
- 19 to 50 years 1000 mg
- ˃50 years 1200 mg
- pregnant or lactatingwomen 1000 mg

19. Calcium Deficiency
Deficiency of calcium causes many disease
such as:
1- Rickets: results of poorly formed bone
structure.
2- Osteomalacia: adult rickets the bones
become soft.

20. 3- Osteoporosis: means easily broken
bones.
4- Tetany: characterized by involuntary
muscle movement, results from
insufficient calcium in the blood.

21. -Calcium Excess
Excessive intake may of calcium can cause:
- Constipation
- Kidney stones
- Inhibit the absorption of iron and zinc

22. Thank