This document discusses direct-to-home (DTH) television. It begins with an introduction to DTH television, noting that it is a wireless system that delivers television programs directly to viewers' homes using a personal dish. It then covers the history and constituents of DTH, including the minidish antenna, low-noise block downconverter, coaxial cable, and set-top box. The basic principles and operation of DTH are explained, including how signals are transmitted from satellites to viewers' homes. Differences between DTH and cable TV are outlined. Major DTH service providers in India are identified as well as features, applications, benefits and the future prospects of DTH.

1. BITS Pilani
Hyderabad Campus
Mayank Garg
2013H140040H
Embedded System
BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
“DTH”

2. BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
 Introduction
 History
 Constituents of DTH
 Basic principle of DTH
 Basic Block diagram & its Operation
 Cable TV Vs DTH TV
 Features of DTH
 DTH service providers
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CONTENTS

3. BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
• The term DTH stands for ‘Direct To Home’.
• DTH television is a wireless system for delivering
television programs directly to the viewer’s house.
• ‡Defined as the reception of satellite programs with a
personal dish in an individual home.
• ‡DTH symbols the Transmission of digital video
channel to home subscribers through small dish
antenna.
INTRODUCTION
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Minidish antenna
LNBF
Coaxial cable
Connector
Set top box
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A DTH consists of:

6. BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
• LNBF is the part of a satellite antenna which is positioned
in front of the dish to receive the signal and converts the
signal to be carried by cable to the receiver .
• Low noise block down converter is the antenna of what
is commonly called the parabolic satellite dish commonly
used in satellite TV reception.
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LNBF

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SET-TOP BOX

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• In DTH television , the broadcast signals are transmitted
from satellites orbiting the Earth to the viewer’s house.
• Each satellite is located approximately 35,700km above
the Earth in geosynchronous orbit.
• These satellites receive the signals from the broadcast
stations located on Earth and rebroadcast them to the
Earth.
• The viewer’s dish picks up the signal from the satellite
and passes it on to the receiver located inside the
viewer’s house.
• The receiver processes the signal and passes it on to
the television.
• The DTH television is used in millions of homes across
United States ,Europe and South East Asia.
BASIC PRINCIPLE

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OPERATION
• The block diagram of DTH TV system can be divided
into two sections:
 Outdoor Unit
 Indoor Unit
• OUTDOOR UNIT
• The outdoor unit consist of :
1) The parabolic satellite antenna
2) Low noise amplifier(LNA)
3) Converter

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Outdoor unit cont..
• The receiver antenna is a parabolic reflector horn
antenna which is directed directly to the satellite to
receive the signal.
• The received signal from satellite by the antenna is
applied to the low noise amplifier(LNA) which is a wide
band amplifier.
• LNA amplifies all the frequencies received from the
antenna and applies them to a converter. The second
input to this converter is from the local oscillator 1.
• The converter output consist of a UHF signal having a
frequency range from 950-1450 MHz with a bandwidth of
500 MHz.
• The output of converter is applied to the RF amplifier.

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INDOOR
• It consist of an RF amplifier which is applied to a
channel selector to select the desired channel with
the help of the mixer & local oscillator too.
• An IF frequency of 70MHz is produced.
• The RF amplifier applied these to video-audio
detector which separates the video , audio &
synchronous pulses.
• The TV receiver then works as usual.
• A DBS(Directly Broadcast Satellite) concept is used
in DTH system.

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• Satellite TV involves receiving signals from a satellite
where as cable TV entails airing programs.
• The biggest difference between satellite and cable
TV is the picture and sound quality.
• Unlike cable TV, satellite TV programs are excellent
quality with some of them being high definition.
• Here are some guidelines that can help compare
Dish Network with cable TV.
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DTH Vs CABLE TV

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 DTH offers better quality picture than Cable TV.
 DTH can reach remote areas where terrestrial
transmission and cable TV have failed to penetrate.
 DTH has also allows for interactive TV services
such as movie-on-demand , and e-mail.
 In DTH, the payments will be made directly by the
subscriber to the satellite company offering the
service.
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SOME OF THE FEATURES OF DTH

17. BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
India currently has 6 major DTH service providers
and a total of over 5 million subscriber households.
Tata group and Star network owned Tata Sky .
• Zee group owned Dish TV .
• Sun network owned SUNDIRECT DTH.
• Reliance owned BIG TV .
• Bharti Aritel's DTH .
• DD Direct Plus India - DTH Potential .
• DTH to grow from 3.2 mn in 2007 to 43 mn by
2015, with 30% share of Pay TV.
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DTH SERVICE PROVIDERS

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FUTURE PROSEPECTS OF DTH…
 Detection of Message Signal
 Triggering The Rectenna
 GSM Frequency In INDIA (900MHz Or 1800MHz)
 The DTH market in INDIA is relatively increase day -by-day. In the
past 5 months, two solid competitors like Airtel ,Reliance have
entered the market .
 In coming 5 years.... We have managed to overtake Japan as the
largest DTH market in Asia.
 In the next 2 years (by 2014) we will be able to add another 30
million subscribers .
(which is about the same as the population of Belgium, Portugal
and Greece put-together!)

19. BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
• Doordarshan free-to-air services providing 40 TV
channels with no subscription fees is an attractive
preposition to people in urban and rural areas.
• A number has started IP broadcast with return
channel on PSTN line and this would be for education
and other application.
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DTH APPLICATION

20. BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
• Cost effective communication, information and
entertainment.
• DTH services are transparent providing digital
quality video, audio, radio, and IP to all at equal
prices and other benefits with reliability.
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DTH BENEFITS

21. BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
TATA SKY
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Advantage and disadvantages of Top 4
service providers in India

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RELIANCE DIGITAL TV

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AIRTEL DIGITAL TV

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DISH TV

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Thanks
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