it is about cyber literature

1. 1
Bbn-c-Øn-sØm-≈m-bn-cØn sXmÆq-dp-Iƒ°p-apºv ae-bm-f-`m-j-bn¬ C√m-Xn-cp∂ "ssk_¿'
F∂ ]Zw C∂v Gsd {]Nmcw tSp-Ibpw kº-∂-amb Hcp am[yatemIsØ kmln-Xy-Øn¬ AS-
bm-f-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Kth-j-Ww, kmln-Xy-sk-an-m-dp-Iƒ, kmln-Xy-{]-km-[-w, skan-
m¿ {]_-‘-߃ F∂n-ßs hyXy-kvX-amb ]cy-th-£-W-߃ C∂v ssk_¿taJ-e-bn¬
S∂psIm≠ncn-°p-∂p. Bi-b-hn-n-a-b-Øn-s‚bpw kmln-Xy-Øn-s‚bpw A-¥-km-[y-X-Isf {]Zmw
sNøm≥ Ign-bp∂ AXn-hn-im-e-temIsØ-bmWv ssk_¿temIw {]Xn-n-[mw sNøp-∂-Xv. B[p-
n-I-X-bn¬ G‰hpw henb hnπ-h-ambn Icp-Xn-bn-cp-∂Xv A®-Snbpw AXns‚ k¥m--ß-fmbn ]nd∂
]pkvX-I-ß-fp-am-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ h¿Ø-am--k-aq-l-Øn¬ AXv Iºyq-´dpw AXns‚ UnPn-‰¬ kv{Iop-
ambn amdn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. `mjbpw kmln-Xyhpw UnPn-‰¬ kv{Ion-te°p am‰-s∏-´p. ajn-]p-c≠ A®-Sn-
°m-e-Øp-n∂v ajn-]p-c-fmØ ssk_¿ temI-tØ°v `m-j-bpw kmln-Xyhpw amdn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-
∂p. hnhn[ kmln-Xy-cq-]-ßsf kr„n-°p-hm≥ X°-hn-[-ap≈ hnπhw Xs∂-bmWv ssk_¿tem-
IØv S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. sh_vssk-‰p-Iƒ, Hm¨sse≥ hn⁄m--tIm-i-߃, kmaq-ly-irw-
Jem ssk‰p-Iƒ, Hm¨sse≥ amK-kn-p-Iƒ, tªmKp-Iƒ F∂n-ßs Iºyq-´¿ UnPn-‰¬ kv{Ion¬
kmln-Xy-kr-„n-Iƒ [mcm-f-ambn {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. Cu ]›m-Ø-e-Øn-emWv
ssk_¿ kmln-Xy-K-th-j-W-ßfpw {]m[m-y-a¿ln-°p-∂-Xv.
Kth-j-W-ß-fpsS ]pXnb CS-sa∂ ne-bn¬ ssk_¿km-ln-Xy-]-T--߃ Nne ]cn-an-Xn-I-
sfbpw {]Xn-k-‘n-I-sfbpw tcn-Sp-∂p-≠v. AXn¬ H∂m-asØ Imcyw kmt¶-Xn-ItemI-Øns‚ km∂n-
[y-am-Wv. A®-Sn-am-[yaw P∑w-sIm≠v A™q-dp-h¿j-߃°p-ti-j-amWv Iºyq-´¿ tI{µo-IrX
ssk_¿km-lnXyw Bhn¿`-hn-°p-∂-Xv. AXn-m¬Øs∂ A®Sn temIØv {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp∂ kmln-
Xy-kr-„n-I-sf-°mƒ ssk_¿ kmln-Xy-kr-„n-Iƒ hnXym-k-s∏-´p-n-ev°p-∂p. Fgp-Øn-s‚bpw A®-
Sn-bp-sSbpw temI-Øp-n∂v Iºyq-´-dns‚bpw C‚¿s‰v irwJ-e-I-fp-sSbpw temI-sØ-Øp-tºmƒ
km-lnXyw IqSp-X-embn kmt¶-Xn-I-X-bpsS Ah-ÿ-Isf kzXz-Øn-te°v kzoI-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂-XmWv
{][m khn-ti-j-X. Iºyq-´-dns‚ am[y-a-tem-I-Øn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-Ip∂ kmlnXyw kmt¶-Xn-Imwi-
ßsf kzoI-cn®v ]pXnb cq]-`m-h-ß-fn-eqsS kmln-XysØ ]p¿n¿Ωn-°p-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv. AXn-
m¬ {]n‚ v aoUn-bm-Iƒ hgn cq]w-sIm-≈-s∏´ [mc-W-I-tfmSpw {]Xo-£-I-tfm-Spw-IqSn ssk_¿
kmln-Xy-kr-„n-Isf kao-]n-°m≥ km[n-°p-I-bn-√. ]pXnb Nn¥-I-sfbpw coXn-I-sfbpw ssk_¿km-
lnXy Kth-j-W-߃ Dƒs∏-Sp-Ønsb aXn-bm-Iq. A®-Sn-bpsS ]n∂mse IS-∂p-h∂ Iºyq-´¿ kmt¶-
Xn-I-Xsb A®-Sn-bpsS XpS¿®-bmbpw A[n-I-km-[y-X-bmbpw ]cn-K-Wn-®m¬ aXn-bm-hp-I-bn-√.
Iºyq-´¿ {]ZmwsNøp∂ kmt¶-Xn-I-X-bpsS ]›m-Ø-e-amWv ssk_¿temIØv kmln-Xy-
Ønv A¿∞hpw {]m[m-yhpw evIp-∂-Xv. kmln-Xy-tem-I-sØ-°p≈ Iºyq-´-dns‚ IS-∂p-h-c-hmWv
ssk_¿km-ln-Xy-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm--ambn nev°p-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v kmln-Xy-]-T--߃s°m∏w
kmt¶-Xn-I-X-bpsS ]T--ßfpw ssk_¿km-ln-Xy-tem-IØv {]m[m-y-a¿ln-°p-∂p. kmln-Xy-Øns‚
Awi-ß-fn-te°v Iºyq-´¿ kmt¶-Xn-I-Xbv°v F{X-am{Xw IS-∂p-h-cm≥ Ignbpw? kmln-Xy-Øns‚
ta∑-Iƒ UnPn-‰¬ am[y-a-Øn¬ km[y-amtWm? kmln-Xy-Øns‚ Ah-X-c-W-Ønepw hnX-c-W-Ønepw
Fs¥√mw am‰-߃ sIm≠ph-cp-hm≥ ssk_¿ kmt¶-Xn-I-Xbv°p Ign-bp∂p F∂n-ßs nc-h-[n-
ssk_¿ Kth-j-W-ß-fnse {]mtbm-KnI ]mT-߃
tUm: atmPv sP. ]me-°pSn

2. 2
bmb tNmZy-߃ ssk_¿km-lnXyw Db¿Øp-∂p-≠v. kmln-Xy-Øn-s‚bpw `mj-bp-sSbpw temIØv
Iºyq-´¿ kmt¶-Xn-IX evIp∂ kzm[o--ßfpw km[y-X-I-fp-amWv ssk_¿K-th-j-W-]-T--߃
ap≥K-W evtI-≠-Xv. kmln-Xy-X-e-Ønse hen-sbmcp cq]m-¥-c-Øn-eqsS kmln-XysØ ChnsS
]px-cm-Jymw sNøp-∂p-≠v.
ssk_¿kmln-Xy-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ c≠m-asØ {]Xn-k‘n `mj-bp-ambn _‘-s∏-´m-Wv.
kmln-Xy-tem-I-sØ-°p≈ Iºyq-´-dns‚ IS-∂p-h-c-hmWv ssk_¿km-ln-Xy-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm--ambn
nev°p-∂-Xv. kmt¶-Xn-I-X-bpsS `mj-bmbn nev°p-∂Xv Cw•ojv `mj-bm-Wv. ssk_¿km-ln-XysØ
]Tn-°p-∂-Xnv AXns‚ kmt¶-Xn-I-Xsb a- n-em-°nsb aXn-bm-hq. kmt¶-Xn-I-X-bpsS `mj-bmb
Cw•ojv `mjsb B{i-bn-t°-≠n-h-cp-∂p-sh-∂XmWv {][m hnj-b-ß-fn-sem-∂v. "ssk_¿km-lnXyw'
F∂ ]Z-Øn¬Xs∂ Cu hnjbw A¥¿eo--am-Wv. "ssk_¿' F∂ ]Zw Cw•ojv `mj-bn¬n∂v
X’-a-ambn IS-∂p-h-cp-tºmƒ "kmlnXyw' ae-bm-f-]-Z-tem-IsØ {]Xn-n-[mw sNøp-∂p. c≠v temI-
Øn-s‚bpw c≠v `mj-I-fp-sSbpw ktΩ-fw "ssk_¿ kmlnXyw' F∂ ]Z-Øn-ep-≠v. kmt¶-Xn-I-
`mj Cw•o-jm-b-Xn-m¬ kmt¶-Xn-I-Xsb ]Tn-°m≥ Cw•ojv `mj-sbbpw kmln-Xy-kr-„n-Iƒ ae-
bm-f-Øn-em-b-Xn-m¬ Ahsb ]Tn-°m≥ ae-bm-f-`m-j-sb-bpw B{i-bn-t°-≠-Xmbnhcp∂p. c≠v `mjm-
tem-I-ß-fp-sSbpw {]tbmKhyp¬]Øn ssk_¿ ]T--Øn¬ Bh-iy-ambn hcp-∂p.
ssk_¿kmt¶-Xn-IX {]Zmw sNøp∂ ]›m-Ø-e-amWv ssk_¿tem-IØv kmln-Xy-Ønv
A¿∞hpw {]m[m-yhpw evIp-∂-Xv. AXn-m¬ Cu kmt¶-Xn-I-]-Tw ae-bm-f-`m-j-bnepw Bh-iy-
am-Wv. kmt¶-Xn-I-tem-IsØ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ kmt¶-Xn-I-]-Z-ß-fpsS A]-cym-]vXX ae-bm-f-`mj
tcn-Sp∂ henb Hcp {]Xn-k-‘n-bm-Wv. kmt¶-XnI hnZ-Kv[-cp-sSbpw `mjm-]-fin-X-cpsSbpw H∂n-
®p≈ {]bXvw Cu taJ-e-bn¬ D≠m-bm¬ am{Xsa Cu {]ivsØ ]cn-l-cn-°m-m-hp-I-bp-≈p.
Cw•ojv ]Z-ßsf X’-a-ambn ae-bm-f-Øn¬ {]tbm-Kn-°p∂ coXn-bmWv s]mXpsh Ct∏mƒ S-∏n-
em-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ssk_¿, Hm¨sse≥, C‚¿s‰v, Csa-bv¬, sh_v, Ce-t{Œm-WnIv aoUn-
b, UnPn-‰¬, Iºyq-´¿s-‰v, tU‰m-kvt]-kv, sh¿Nz¬ thƒUv, sh¿Nz¬ dnbm-en-‰n Cßs FÆ-a‰
]Z-߃ ae-bm-f-Øns‚ `mjmtemIØv Ay-s-t∏mse n¬°p-∂p-≠v. Xan-gv`mj Iºyq-´¿ ]Z-
ßsf kzoI-cn-®-t∏m-gp≈ `mjm-]-c-amb eb-hpw lrZy-Xbpw ΩpsS X¿÷-a-I-fn¬ h∂n-√m-sb-
∂Xpw {i≤n-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xm-Wv. C‚¿s-‰ns "BtKm-f-he' F∂v mw ]cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-t∏mƒ
"CWbw' F∂ lrZy-amb ]Z-amWv Xan-gv`mj D]-tbm-Kn-®-Xv. C˛-sabv¬ Xan-gn¬ "an≥sb¶ƒ' Bb-
t∏mƒ ]Icw ]Zm-h-ensb Is≠-Øm≥t]mepw mw D’m-ln-®-Xp-an-√. Iºyq-´¿ ˛ In-n-bƒ,
s‰vh¿°v ˛ hsse-∏n-ƒ, I¿k¿ ˛ sbh¬, ssk_¿kvs]bvkv ˛ In-n-b-Iw, tamWn-‰¿ ˛ Xnc¬,
em]vt‰m∏v Iºyq-´¿ ˛ aSn°v Imn-n, {_uk¿ ˛ Demhn Cßs Iºyq-´-dp-ambn _‘-s∏´ H´p-
an° ]Z-߃°pw XXv`-h-ßsf kr„n®v Xan-gv`mj ssk_¿tem-IØv Ay-c-s√∂v sXfn-bn-®p.
kmt¶-Xn-I-Xsb ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-t∏m-sg√mw ITn ]Z-kzo-I-c-W-Øn-eqsS mw {]tbm-K-ssh-jayw
kr„n®p. CeIv{Snkn‰n Xan-gn¬ "an≥kmc' Bb-t∏mƒ ap°v hnZyp-—‡n F∂ ITn-]Zw th≠n-
h∂p X¿÷-a-bv°v. kmt¶-XnI ]Z-߃°v XØp-√y- ]-Z-߃ Is≠Ønbm¬ am{Xta `mjm-{]-
tbm-K-Ønse kmt¶-Xn-I-]-Z-ß-fpsS A]-cym-]vXX ]cn-l-cn-°m≥ Ignbq.
ae-bm-f-`m-jbv°v Iºyq-´¿ `oj-Wn-bm-Ip-sa∂v Icp-Xn-bn-cp∂ Nn¥sb Hcp auVy-ambn am{Xta
C∂v ]cn-K-Wn-°m≥ Ign-bq. kmln-Xy-{]-Im-i--Øn-s‚bpw Atym--k-º¿°-Øn-s‚bpw taJ-e-
bn¬ A{X-am{Xw ]pØ≥ km[y-X-Isf ae-bm-f-Ønv hmKvZmw sNøp-∂-Xnv Iºyq-´¿ kmt¶-Xn-
I-hn-Zybv°p Ign-™p. C∂v ae-bmf kmln-Xy-Ønepw Bi-b-hn-n-a-b-cw-KØpw hnh-c-hn-⁄m--cw-
KØpw Hgn-hm-°m-m-hmØ km∂n-[y-ambn Iºyq-´¿ kmt¶-Xn-IX amdn-°-gn-™p. am[y-a-cw-KsØ
Cu qX--hn-πhw ssk_¿ kmlnXykn≤m-¥-ß-fpsS ]T--Øn¬ A{X-am{Xw ae-bm-f-Øn¬ Imcy-
£-a-ambn´n√ F∂p-thWw Icp-Xm≥. Du¿÷z-kz-e-amb Hcp kmln-Xy-temIw kPo-h-am-sW-¶nepw
Ah-bpsS ]T--߃ A{X-am{Xw kPo-h-am-bn-´n-√. ssk_¿km-ln-XysØ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p∂ {KŸ-
ßfpw ae-bm-f-Øn¬ Xptemw Ipd-hm-Wv. hf¿®-bpsS hgn-bn-ep≈ kz`m-hn-I-{]-Xn-`m-k-ambn Ipd-

3. 3
hns I≠m¬ aXn-bmIpw. F∂m¬ aXn-bmb hnh-c-ß-fpsS A`mhw ssk_¿K-th-j-W-ß-fn¬
Hcp {]Xn-k‘n Xs∂-bm-Wv. ssk_¿ kmln-Xy-]-T--߃ kPo-h-am-Ip-tºmsg hn⁄m-X-e-Øn¬
Cu taJe ]cn-]p-jvT-am-Ip-I-bp-≈q.
Iºyq-´¿ kmt¶-Xn-I-Xbpw kmln-Xyhpw XΩn-ep≈ ]mc-kv]-cn-I-Xsb ASn-ÿm--am-°n-bp≈
ssk_¿ kmlnXy ]T--߃ a‰p `mj-I-fn-¬ kPo-h-am-bn-Øo¿∂n-´p-≠v. {]tXy-In®v Cw•o-
jv`mjbn¬ _lp-Zqcw apt∂-dn-°-gn-™p. CØcw ]T--ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm--Øn¬ n∂p-sIm-≠p-
thWw ae-bm-f-Ønse ssk_¿]-T--߃ apt∂m-´p-t]m-Ip-hm≥. C‚¿s‰v enKz-Ãn-°n-s-∏‰n hni-
Z-amb nco-£-W-߃ S-Øn-bn-´p≈ ]fin-X-mWv tUhnUv {Inì (David Crystal) ssl∏¿sS-
IvÃns ssk_¿kmlnXykn≤m-¥-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm--Øn¬ ]Tn-®n-´p≈ hy‡n-bmWv tPm¿Pv
]n. em≥tUm (George P. Landow) ssk_¿ CSsØ AXns‚ km[y-X-Isf ap≥n¿Øn _-
UnIvSv ssa°¬ (Benedikt Michael) kn≤m-¥-h-Xv°-cn-°p-∂p. Iºyq-´¿ kmt¶-Xn-I-ta-J-e-bn-ep≈
hf¿®sb AXns‚ hyXykvX ho£-W-tIm-Wp-I-fn¬n-∂p-sIm≠v Is≠-Øm≥ {ian-®n-´p≈
ssk_¿km-ln-Xy-]-fin-X-mWv Fkvs]≥ A¿skØv (Espen Aarseth). adm°p FkvI-en¬
(Marakku Eskeline) sdbvs tImkn-Ioa (Raine koskimaa), Pn¬ hm°¿ sd‰v_¿Kv (Jill walker Rettberg),
ImXssd≥ ssl¬kv (Katherine Hyles) XpSßn-b-h-cn-eqsS ssk_¿km-ln-Xy-Øns‚ ssk≤m-¥n-
I-ta-Je hn]p-e-am-bn-´p-≠v. ae-bm-f-ssk-_¿km-ln-Xy-]-T--ßfpw Nph-Sp-d-∏n-t°-≠Xv Ch-cpsS
ssk≤m-¥nI nco-£-W-߃°p-ap-I-fn-em-Wv. kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bpsS {]`m-h-Øns‚ Iogn¬ ae-bm-
f-Ønepw ]pØ≥km-ln-Xy-cq-]-߃ Ah-X-cn-°p-∂-Xn-m¬ Ah-cpsS ]T--ßfpw ChnsS {]k-‡-
am-Wv. Iºyq-´¿ kmt¶-Xn-I-hnZy kmln-Xy-kr-„n-bpsS B¥-cn-I-L-S-sb n¿Ωn-°p∂ Ah-ÿ-bn-
emWv ssk_¿temIw FØn-n-ev°p-∂-Xv. AXn-m¬ Cu taJ-e-bn-ep≈ nco-£-W-߃ F√m-`m-
j-bnepw kam--`mhw ]pe¿Øp-∂-h-bm-Wv. `mjbv°pw kmln-Xy-Ønpw A[n-I-ambn e`n® kmt¶-
XnI km[y-X-sb∂ ne-bn¬ a‰p `mj-Iƒs°-∂-t]mse ae-bm-f-Ønpw AtX {]tbm-K-]m-T-߃
aXn-bm-bn-cn-°pw.
]pXnb coXn-bn-ep≈ t{]m{Km-ap-I-fp-sSbpw ]pXnb Iºyq-´¿ AIvk-kp-I-fp-sSbpw ]pXnb
D]-I-c-W-ß-fp-sSbpw I≠p-]n-Sp-Øhpw hf¿®bpw ssk_¿km-ln-Xy-sØbpw kzm[o-n-°p-∂p-≠v.
AXn-m¬ ssk_¿km-ln-Xy-]-Tw Ap-Znw ho-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂ H∂m-Wv. kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bn-ep≈
IpXn-®p-Nm´w ssk_¿km-ln-Xy-]-T--ß-sfbpw am‰n-a-dn-°p-∂p. sh∫ns‚ ]ptcm-K-Xn-°-p-k-cn®v Cu
kmln-Xy-im-Jbv°v am‰ßƒ kw`-hn-°p-∂-Xn-m¬ Kth-j-Icpw AtX-∏‰n t_m[-hm-∑m-cm-I-Ww.
kmt¶-Xn-I-X-bpsS {ZpX-h-f¿® ssk_¿km-ln-Xy-]-T--ß-sfbpw {ZpX-K-Xn-bn-em-°p-∂p. hf-sc-°p-
dn®v {Km^n-Ivkp-I-fpw, Bn-ta-j-pw, ndhpw i–-hpw, ssl∏¿en-¶p-Ifpw {]mtbm-Kn-I-am-bn-cp∂
BZy-Im-e-ssk-_¿ kr„n-I-sf-°mƒ ]pXnbIme- kr-„n-I-fn¬ {]tbm-Kn-®n-cp∂ sshhn-[y-am¿∂
hnym-k-߃ kmln-Xy-im-Jsb F∂-t]mse Kth-j-W-ß-sfbpw k¶o¿Æ-am-°p-∂p. BZy-Im-esØ
ssk≤m-¥n-I¿ D]-tbm-Kn® ]Zm-h-en-Ifpw Nn¥m-co-Xn-Ifpw ]p¿n¿Æbw sNøm≥ kmt¶-Xn-I-]p-
tcm-KXn n¿_-‘n-°p-∂p. Cu hf¿® Kth-j-I-cpsS ne-]m-Sp-I-fnepw D≠m-tI-≠-Xm-Wv.
hnh-c-ß-fpsS AXn-hn-im-e-tem-I-sa-∂-Xp-t]mse Kth-j-W-ta-J-e-I-fpsS ssh]p-eyhpw ssk_-
dnSw {]Zmw sNøp-∂p. ssk_¿tem-IsØ Hmtcm CShpw Kth-j-W-Øns‚ Hmtcm taJ-e-Iƒ Xpd-
∂p-X-cp-∂p-≠v. ssk_¿kvs]-bvkv, ssk_¿I-hn-X-Iƒ, ssk_¿I-Y-Iƒ, ssk_¿ s^an-n-kw,
ssk_¿ bm{Xm-hn-h-cWw Cßs kmln-Xy-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ F√m taJ-e-Ifpw ssk_¿tem-
IØv Kth-j-W-Øn-mbn ImØp-In-S-°p-∂p.