4. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
• We all obtain energy by taking healthy food at the correct time.
5. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
• The process of taking nutrients from the food that we eat is
known as nutrition.
6. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
• A living being needs to be nourished for growth and also for the
replacement of tissues.
7. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
NUTRITION
• A nutrient can be defined as ” a constituent of food that helps in
one way or the other in body functions”.
8. TYPES OF NUTRIENTS
CARBOHYDRATES Provides energy. Example: Starch, sugar.
PROTEINS Body building material. Example: Pulses, milk, egg.
FATS Provides energy. Example: Ghee, oil, butter.
MINERALS Each mineral has a specific role in the body.
VITAMINS
Required for normal functioning of various body
processes.
41. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
Minerals – Calcium
Needed for - Building bones
and teeth and in blood
clotting.
42. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
Minerals – Calcium
Deficiency symptoms -
Softening and deformation of
bones, loss of teeth enamel.
43. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
Minerals – Calcium
Sources - Milks, eggs, fish,
vegetables.
44. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
Minerals – Phosphorous
Needed for - Building strong
bones and teeth.
45. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
Minerals – Phosphorous
Deficiency symptoms -
Softening of bones, bow legs,
pigeon – chest.
46. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
Minerals – Phosphorous
Sources - Milk, meat, nuts,
beans and cereals.
47. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
Minerals – Iron
Needed for - Formation of
haemoglobin in RBCs.
48. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
Minerals – Iron
Deficiency symptoms - Lose
weight, looks pale, loses
appetite.
49. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
Minerals – Iron
Sources - Green leafy
vegetables, egg yolk and liver.
50. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
Minerals – Iodine
Needed for - Producing a
hormone which controls the
oxidation of food inside the
body.
51. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
Minerals – Iodine
Deficiency symptoms - Goitre,
dwarfism, mental retardation,
swelling of face and hands.
52. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
Minerals – Iodine
Sources - Iodised salt and
seafood.
53. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
Minerals – Sodium and Potassium
Needed for - Normal functioning
of nerves and muscles.
54. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
Minerals – Sodium and Potassium
Deficiency symptoms - High BP,
fatigue, loss of appetite.
55. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
Minerals – Sodium and Potassium
Sources – Banana, milk,
vegetables, meat.
56. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
OBESITY
• When a person takes in more calories that are required by the
body, the excess energy produced gets stored in the body as fats
and the person gains weight.
57. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
OBESITY
• Obesity can cause shortness of breath, swollen ankles, heart
diseases, diabetes, hypertension, etc.
58. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
To avoid obesity:
• Eat food according to age,
sex and nature of job or
work.
59. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
To avoid obesity:
• Stop eating when the hunger
is satisfied.
60. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
To avoid obesity:
• Cut down on carbohydrates
such as bread, cakes, sugar,
oil, fried food, etc.
61. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
To avoid obesity:
• One should eat unsaturated
fats like vegetable oils.
63. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
Three most important factors affecting photosynthesis are:
• Carbon dioxide.
• Light.
• Temperature.
65. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
END PRODUCTS OF
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
The two end products of
photosynthesis are:
• GLUCOSE (C₆H₁₂O₆)
• The glucose (sugar) is
immediately utilised by the
cells or stored in the form of
insoluble starch, sucrose, or
used in synthesising fats,
proteins, etc.,
66. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
END PRODUCTS OF
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
The two end products of
photosynthesis are:
• OXYGEN
• A small portion of oxygen is
used in photorespiration and
a major portion diffuses out
into the atmosphere through
the leafy surfaces.
67. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
EXAMPLES OF FOOD ADDITIVES
PRESERVATIVES
Ascorbic Acid, Calcium
Sorbate, And Sodium
Nitrite.
68. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
EXAMPLES OF FOOD ADDITIVES
COLOR ADDITIVES
Fruit And Vegetables
Juices, Yellow 5, And
Beta-carotene.
69. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
EXAMPLES OF FOOD ADDITIVES
FLAVORS AND SPICES
'Real' Vanilla Or 'Artificial'
Vanilla.
70. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
EXAMPLES OF FOOD ADDITIVES
FLAVOR ENHANCERS
MSG And Yeast.
71. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
EXAMPLES OF FOOD ADDITIVES
EMULSIFIERS
Soy Lecithin, Mono And
Diglyceride.
72. LEARNING OUTCOME
To outline nutrition
To elaborate on vitamins and minerals
To introduce types of nutrition
To enumerate plant disease
73. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
MACRO NUTRIENTS AND MICRO NUTRIENTS FOR
THE PLANTS
74. MACRONUTRIENTS
Nutrients Role in the plant
Major deficiency
symptoms
Nitrogen (N)
Major constituent of all
proteins
Yellowing of leaves,
wrinkling
Phosphorous (P
Constituent of cell
membrane and certain
proteins
Purple and red spots on
leaves, delay in used
germination
Potassium (K)
Abundant in growing
tissues, and involved in
opening and closing of
stomata
Poor growth
75. MICRONUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS ROLE IN THE PLANT
MAJOR DEFICIENCY
SYMPTOMS
Iron (Fe) Constituent of proteins Yellowing of leaves
Manganese (Mn) Constituent of enzymes
Yellowing of leaves, with
grey spots
Zinc (Zn)
Constituent of plant
hormones, activate enzymes
De-shaped leaves,
Yellowing of leaves,
stunted growth
76. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
TYPES OF NUTRITION
• AUTOTROPHIC
• HETEROTROPHIC
77. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
AUTOTROPHIC
• Organisms that make their
own food from simple raw
materials.
• Example: Plants.
78. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
HETEROTROPHIC
• Organisms that depend on
other organisms for food.
• Example: Animals, Human
beings.
79. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
HOLOZOIC NUTRITION
• HERBIVORES
• Animals which feed on plants.
• Example – Cow, Horse
80. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
HOLOZOIC NUTRITION
• CARNIVORES
• Animals which feed on flesh.
• Example – Lion, Tiger, Cat
81. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
HOLOZOIC NUTRITION
• OMNIVORES
• Animals which eat both plants and
animals.
• Example – Man and Crow.
82. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
SAPROPHYTIC NUTRITION
• Organisms drawing
nourishment from dead
decaying organic remains.
• Example: Bacteria, fungus
83. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
PARASITIC NUTRITION
• Animals who derive nutrition
from the host body.
• Example: Mosquitoes,
tapeworm
84. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
FOOD CHAIN
PLANTS -> GRASSHOPPER-> FROG-> SNAKE-> HAWK
• The plants are the producers which make their own food.
85. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
FOOD CHAIN
PLANTS -> GRASSHOPPER-> FROG-> SNAKE-> HAWK
• Insects like grasshoppers eat plants and are herbivores.
86. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
FOOD CHAIN
PLANTS -> GRASSHOPPER-> FROG-> SNAKE-> HAWK
• The frog feeds on the insect and is the primary consumer or
carnivore.
87. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
FOOD CHAIN
PLANTS -> GRASSHOPPER-> FROG-> SNAKE-> HAWK
• The snake is the secondary consumer or secondary carnivore
which eats the primary carnivore.
88. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
FOOD CHAIN
PLANTS -> GRASSHOPPER-> FROG-> SNAKE-> HAWK
• The hawk is the tertiary consumer or carnivore which feeds on
the snake.
89. LEARNING OUTCOME
To outline nutrition
To elaborate on vitamins and minerals
To introduce types of nutrition
To enumerate plant disease
92. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
DISEASE PLANT AFFECTED
BLIGHT VEGETABLE CROPS, FRUIT TREES
BACTERIAL WILTS CORN, TOBACCO, POTATOES, TOMATOES
BACTERIAL SPECK FRUITS AND VEGETABLES OF DIFFERENT PLANTS
94. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
DISEASE PLANT AFFECTED
HAIRY ROOT SUGAR BEETS, POTATOES, SOYBEANS
ROOT LESIONS DIFFERENT SPECIES OF PLANTS GET AFFECTED
ROOT-KNOT TOMATOES, PEANUTS
95. LEARNING OUTCOME
To outline nutrition
To elaborate on vitamins and minerals
To introduce types of nutrition
To enumerate plant disease