Suniel Kumar- Smart Cities and Water Management

IoT & Smart Cities
SMART WATER MANAGEMENT

 The Concept of ‘Smart City’
 Smart City Opportunity
 Smart Water Management Systems
 Understanding Architectural Elements
 Sensor Nodes
 Microcontroller Platforms
 Wireless Technologies
 Extending the Concepts to Other IoT Use Cases
AGENDA
All Rights Reserved – Nexiot 2015
Registered Brand Names & Trademarks belong to respective owners.

The Concept of ‘Smart City’

Our World
World Population : 7.395 Billion
( U.N Statistics)
World Urban Population
54% - 2014
Forecast :
70% by 2050
Highest ever migration from Rural to Urban in History of Mankind  ??

…….What Happens?
 Increased Demand for Infrastructure & Services
 Growing Economy, Job Opportunities
 Spending power - Comforts - Life Style

But …It also creates Imbalance…
 Population Growth in Cities
 Demand for Natural Resources Increases Tremendously
 Pollution Effects – Air, Water, Lands
 Social Imbalance
 Depleting Forests
 Natural Imbalance  Calamities

Solution?…. Focus the Cities!
 Focus on Cities
- Forecasted 70% of World population in 2050 ( U.N.)
 Growing Population – Increased demands – Limited Resources
 Find Solutions to meet the demands
 Manage Resources – Infrasturcture - Services SMARTER

Defining a Smart City
‘Smart City’ – Making Cities Better & More Liveable
No Single Definition
Key Aspects :
 Adoption of Information & Communication Technologies (ICT)
 Implementation that will Impact to create a positive Social, Economical,
Environmental & Cultural benefits

Smart City – Some Definitions
‘
Frost & Sullivan 2014: "We identified eight key aspects that define a Smart City:
smart governance, smart energy, smart building, smart mobility, smart
infrastructure, smart technology, smart healthcare and smart citizen
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Smart Cities: "A smart city brings
together technology, government and society to enable the following
characteristics: smart cities, a smart economy, smart mobility, a smart
environment, smart people, smart living, smart governance
Department for Business, Innovation and Skills,UK 2013: "The concept is not
static, there is no absolute definition of a smart city, no end point, but rather a
process, or series of steps, by which cities become more 'liveable' and resilient
and, hence, able to respond quicker to new challenges

Smart Cities Opportunity
Smart City Projects are being initiated across the world.
Governments are leading the initiatives. And Private players are being given a huge
opportunity to contribute.
The mission goals vary from Continent to Continent, country to country and even
further at State & City levels.
Smart Cities : $1.5 Trillion Opportunity

Smart City Opportunity

Internet of Things (IoT)

A Typical connected ‘Thing’

Factors accelerating IoT
• Electronics Trends – Sensors, Wireless, Microcontrollers
• Cloud Computing , Big Data Technologies
• Mobile Apps, Smart Phone penetration
• Urgency for Smart Resource & Energy Management
• Need for better Productivity – Efficiency

MCU prices dropping

Falling Sensor prices

Wireless Technologies

Cloud Computing, Big Data, Mobile

IoT Applications

Smart Infrastructure – Homes

Smart Homes

Green Buildings

Smart Cities

Smart Mobility

Smart living – Health -Safety

Industrial Automation
Industry 4.0

Smart City & Internet of Things

IoT – Smart Cities

IoT Architectural Elements

IoT Architectural Elements
END NODES
Sensors
Microcontroller
Actuators
GATEWAY
Microcontroller
Propagation
IP
INTEGRATOR
Data Management
Cloud
Analytics
Mobile Apps
COMMUNICATIONS

Smart Metering

End Sensor Nodes – ‘DATA’

End Sensor Node

Microcontroller Options
4
3
Atmel ST Micro Intel
NXP
Texas Instruments
Cypress

Criteria for choosing a Microcontroller
1. Maximum speed of the microcontroller
2. Amount of RAM and ROM on chip
3. Ease to upgrade to higher upgrade or lower consumption versions?
4. Cost - Availability
5. Number of I/O pins and timer on the chip?

Sensors

What are Sensors?
A device for sensing a physical variable
of a physical system or an environment

Passive
Doesn’t need any additional energy source
Directly generate an electric signal in response to an
external stimuli
E.g. Thermocouple, photodiode, Piezoelectric sensor
Active
Require external power called excitation signal
Sensor modify excitation signal to provide output
E.g. thermistor, resistive strain gauge
Type of Sensors

Some Common Sensors

Motion Sensors
• Accelerometer
• Gyroscope
– Measure rotational angle
measure the rate of rotation
along 3-axes of X (pitch), Y (roll), and Z (yaw).
• Compass

Water Management- Flow Sensor

Flow Sensor - Ultrasonic

Flow Sensor – ElectroMagnetic

Specifications of Sensor
• Accuracy: Error between the result of a
measurement and the true value being
measured.
• Resolution: the smallest increment of measure
that a device can make.
• Sensitivity: the ratio between the change in
the output signal to a small change in input
physical signal. Slope of the input-output fit
line.
• Repeatability/Precision: the ability of the
sensor to output the same value for the same
input over a number of trials

Attributes of Sensors
• Operating Principle: Embedded technologies that make sensors function,
such as electro-optics, electromagnetic, piezoelectricity, active and passive
ultraviolet.
• Dimension of Variables: The number of dimensions of physical variables.
• Size: The physical volume of sensors.
• Data Format: The measuring feature of data in time; continuous or
discrete/analog or digital.
• Intelligence: Capabilities of on-board data processing and decision-
making.
• Active versus Passive Sensors: Capability of generating vs. just receiving
signals.
• Physical Contact: The way sensors observe the disturbance in
environment.
• Environmental durability: will the sensor robust enough for its operation
conditions

Connectivity Technologies

• Short Range Wireless
- Bluetooth Classic
- Bluetooth Low Energy
- WiFi
- Zigbee
- IR
- NFC

• Long Range Wireless
- GSM / GPRS
- 3G / 4G
- LTE ( Long Term Evolution)
- LoRa ( Long Range)
- SigFox

Key Factors for Wireless Design
• Frequency allocations
• Data Rates
• Range
• Power Consumption
• No. of Communication Nodes
• Supported Topology
• Cost
• Multiple Access mechanism- # of Channels-Interference
• Signals encoding-Security
• Implementation Complexity - Protocol Stack
• Modulation
• Hardware Availability

LTE , LoRa,
SigFox

Integrated Smart Utility Systems

Cloud Platforms

Mobile Apps bile
Apps

Data Analytics

Integrated Smart Systems

Thank You!

www.nexiot.com
support@nexiot.com / ilearn@nexiot.com

Suniel Kumar- Smart Cities and Water Management

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