The document discusses the emerging usages and applications for trillions of sensors in the context of the Internet of Things. It begins by stating that we are at an inflection point where compute will need to go to where data is generated, rather than data always coming to computing. It then provides examples of potential IOT usages at various levels from personal to planetary. These include smart home devices, city infrastructure, national security and environmental monitoring. The document outlines the need to process data into information at its source to avoid overloading networks, and emphasizes that security, privacy and identity must be designed into IOT technologies from the start. It concludes that the opportunity for IOT applications is huge but the generated data will also be massive, requiring

1. Slide 1
Sandhiprakash Bhide – Intel Corporation, TSENSOR SUMMIT, Trillion Sensors Summit, Tokyo Japan 2014
Emerging IOT Usages & Apps for Trillion+ Sensors
SandhiprakashBhide, Strategist and Technologist, Intel Corporation
Trillion Sensors Summit Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
October 25, 2013

2. Slide 2
Sandhiprakash Bhide – Intel Corporation, TSENSOR SUMMIT, Trillion Sensors Summit, Tokyo Japan 2014
Slide 2
“We are at an inflection point in the history of Data
and Computing. For the last 66 years since ENIAC,
Data has always come to Computing. Not so going
into the future. In the future, Compute will have to go
where Data is. The future is about scaling and about
distributed Intelligence.
We neither have enough wireless bandwidth and
spectrum to push data up from 50B Devices and 1
Trillion+ Sensors nor does it make economic sense to
send senseless bits up the channel”
- Sandhiprakash Bhide

3. Slide 3
Sandhiprakash Bhide – Intel Corporation, TSENSOR SUMMIT, Trillion Sensors Summit, Tokyo Japan 2014
Slide 3
Grand Challenges for Engineering in 21st
Century
Make Solar Energy
Economical
Provide Nuclear
Fusion Energy
Develop Carbon
Sequestration Method
Manage the
Nitrogen Cycle
Provide access to
Clean Water
Reverse Engineer
the Brain
Advance Health
Informatics
Engineer better
Medicines
Engineer the Tools of
Scientific Discovery
Restore/Improve
Urban Infrastructure
Advance Virtual
Reality
Advance Personalized
Learning
Prevent Nuclear
Terror
Secure
Cyberspace/Internet
Invest in Biotech/
Stem Cell Research
50B
Devices
50B Devices 1T Sensors
+
50B Devices and 1T+ sensors can help address these challenges

4. Slide 4
Sandhiprakash Bhide – Intel Corporation, TSENSOR SUMMIT, Trillion Sensors Summit, Tokyo Japan 2014
Slide 4
Clarifying Definitions: Embedded,
Machine to Machine (M2M), and Internet
of Things (IOT*)
*Alternate names for IOT = Web 3.0, Intelligent Systems, Sensor Networks, Internet of Everything, Web of Things, Ubiquitous or Ambient Computin
IOTIOT
System of systems working
together connected via
Internet driving
combinatorial analytics
System of systems working
together connected via
Internet driving
combinatorial analytics
IOT
System of systems working
together connected via
Internet driving
combinatorial analytics
M2MM2M
Intelligent/flexible wireless
or wired systems
interconnected with each
other for a specific app e.g.
parking
Intelligent/flexible wireless
or wired systems
interconnected with each
other for a specific app e.g.
parking
M2M
Intelligent/flexible wireless
or wired systems
interconnected with each
other for a specific app e.g.
parking
EmbeddedEmbedded
Computer system with a
dedicated function within a
larger system, often with
real-time constraints
Computer system with a
dedicated function within a
larger system, often with
real-time constraints
Embedded
Computer system with a
dedicated function within a
larger system, often with
real-time constraints

5. Slide 5
Sandhiprakash Bhide – Intel Corporation, TSENSOR SUMMIT, Trillion Sensors Summit, Tokyo Japan 2014
Slide 5
Definition Clarification
Usage = How the system or product is utilized by
the end-user for a particular purpose or need
App: program or group of programs designed for
end users
Multi-vitaminTylenol
Usages Technologies

6. Slide 6
Sandhiprakash Bhide – Intel Corporation, TSENSOR SUMMIT, Trillion Sensors Summit, Tokyo Japan 2014
Slide 6
IOT Usages & Apps: Story of OC44
Transistor

7. Slide 7
Sandhiprakash Bhide – Intel Corporation, TSENSOR SUMMIT, Trillion Sensors Summit, Tokyo Japan 2014
Slide 7
Types of IOT Usages
Planet
• Global Warming
• Earthquakes
• Health Epidemics
• Green House
gases
• Glacier
Monitoring
• Ocean Health
• Nuclear Threat
Monitoring
Work/Industry
On-the-go
• Global Warming
• Earthquakes
• Health Epidemics
• Ecology
• Infrastructure Health
• Ozone Monitor
• Forest Fires
• Air Pollution
• River Mgmt.
• Smart Grid Mgmt.
• Govt. Bldg. Security
• Fleet Management
• Healthcare Mgmt.
• Actuator Mgmt.
Nation
• Micro-climate
• Parking
• Transportation
• Air Pollution
• Noise Pollution
• Traffic Mgmt.
• Waste Mgmt.
• Water Mgmt.
• Industrial Control
• Vehicles Mgmt.
• Healthcare
City/
Neighborhood
Family/
Home
• Refrigerators
• Ovens
• HVAC
• Water
• Electricity
• Health
• Utilities Usage
• Appliance Mgmt.
• Home Security
• Home Monitoring
• Patient Monitoring
• Smartphones
Personal
Management
• Coffee maker
• Alarm Clock
• Electric Toothbrush
• Smart Scale
• Automobiles
• Calendar Mgmt.
• Transportation

8. Slide 8
Sandhiprakash Bhide – Intel Corporation, TSENSOR SUMMIT, Trillion Sensors Summit, Tokyo Japan 2014
Slide 8
Personal Usages
Calendar
Phone
IO
T
Car
Alarm
Traffic
Toothbrush
Scale
Coffee-maker

9. Slide 9
Sandhiprakash Bhide – Intel Corporation, TSENSOR SUMMIT, Trillion Sensors Summit, Tokyo Japan 2014
Slide 9
Home and Family Usages
Home
Security
IO
T
Weather Monitor
Patient
Monitor
HVAC
Baffles
Home Utilities Monitor
Phones
Oven/Range Refrigerator
GE W
D
WElectricity
Water
Gas
Window
Door

10. Slide 10
Sandhiprakash Bhide – Intel Corporation, TSENSOR SUMMIT, Trillion Sensors Summit, Tokyo Japan 2014
Slide 10
City Usages
Phones
Crowd source
IO
T
Traffic Monitor
Usage Scenarios
• Modes of Transportation
• Macro-climate condition
• Traffic Routing
• Bus Route Optimization
• Garbage Collection
• Noise/traffic levels near Hospitals
• Evaluation route Management
• Monitoring of criminals
Parking
Waste
Systems
Seismic
Monitor
Noise MonitorTransportation
Air Pollution

11. Slide 11
Sandhiprakash Bhide – Intel Corporation, TSENSOR SUMMIT, Trillion Sensors Summit, Tokyo Japan 2014
Slide 11
National Level Usage
Forest Fire
Global Warming
IO
T
Smart Grid
Sensors
Usage Scenarios
• Health monitoring at Airport Entry
• Citizen safety: O3, rain fall, fires
• Electricity usage
• Infrastructure Monitoring
• Monitoring rainfall, river flows,
icecap melts, volcanic activity,
forest fires
• Cross-agency cooperation
River Flow
Monitor
Infrastructure
Health
Ozone
Cyber/Govt.
Security
Health
Epidemics

12. Slide 12
Sandhiprakash Bhide – Intel Corporation, TSENSOR SUMMIT, Trillion Sensors Summit, Tokyo Japan 2014
Slide 12
Planet Level Usages
Asteroid
IO
T
Ocean
Health
Usage Scenarios
• Prediction of storms,
hurricanes,…
• Health Epidemics
• Nuclear tests and proliferation
• Monitoring magnetic storms
• Measurement of UV radiation
Sustainable
Environments
Greenhouse
gases
Glaciers
Tsunami
Nuclear Control
Smart Health

13. Slide 13
Sandhiprakash Bhide – Intel Corporation, TSENSOR SUMMIT, Trillion Sensors Summit, Tokyo Japan 2014
Slide 13
Drivers for the Growth of IOT Apps
• Connected Device Growth
• Real Time Data Growth (Sensors)
• Growth of Verticals
• Intra-vertical Traffic (M2M  IOT)
• Larger Storage
• Larger Investments in Data networks +
Technology

14. Slide 14
Sandhiprakash Bhide – Intel Corporation, TSENSOR SUMMIT, Trillion Sensors Summit, Tokyo Japan 2014
Slide 14
Where is growth of IOT App come from?
1. Data Manipulation
2. Security, Privacy, and Identity Protection
3. Management of IOT Devices
4. Actuator Control
5. Trend Development (Temporal Analysis)
6. New IOT Verticals
7. Integration of Verticals
8. Consumer Apps/Service
9. Analytics
Critical item across the board: Analytics

15. Slide 15
Sandhiprakash Bhide – Intel Corporation, TSENSOR SUMMIT, Trillion Sensors Summit, Tokyo Japan 2014
Slide 15
List of Applications is endless
• Smart parking
• Infrastructure Health
• Noise Pollution Control
• Crowdsourcing information
for Smartphones
• Detecting pollution levels
• Waste management
• Smart Urban Planning
• Sustainable Urban
Environment
• Smart Medication
• Aging Population
• Continuous Care
• Emergency
• Intelligent Commuting
• Smart Product Management
• Smart Meters and Metering
• Home Automation
• Management of renewable
energy
• Smart Farming
• Smart Animal Farming
• Handling Emergency
• Health care
• Smart Events
• Health and Beauty Choices
• Smart Food and Drink
Choices
• Logistics
• Intelligent Shopping

16. Slide 16
Sandhiprakash Bhide – Intel Corporation, TSENSOR SUMMIT, Trillion Sensors Summit, Tokyo Japan 2014
Slide 16
Apps Hierarchy in the IOT Continuum
Sensors Data
Information
Knowledge
Wisdom
X, Y, Z
coordinates
from a GPS
John goes
to Starbucks
three/week
Starbucks
Near the
Hotel in NY
There is
Starbucks at
this location
Node
Edge
Backend/Clou
E2E
Security
Privacy,
Identity
Safety
Analytics

17. Slide 17
Sandhiprakash Bhide – Intel Corporation, TSENSOR SUMMIT, Trillion Sensors Summit, Tokyo Japan 2014
Slide 17
Sensor Data to Information
Accelerometer, Audio,
Video, Vibration, Seismic,
Environmental, Health,
CO2, O3, HC
Std. Dev., Mean, Max, Min,
GSR/HR* Features, Color,
BW, Dynamic Range, Angle,
Contours
Decision Tree, GMM*
, kernel
Machine, Bayesian Net,
Sparse Bundle Adjustment
Running, Sitting, Walking,
Stressed, Relaxed, Startled,
Worried, Chatting,
Commuting
Node/Security
Raw Sensor Data
Feature Extraction
Classification
Inference
Sensors Data
Information
Knowledge
Wisdom
*GMM: Gaussian Mixture Model, HR: Heart Rate, GSR: Galvanic Skin Response

18. Slide 18
Sandhiprakash Bhide – Intel Corporation, TSENSOR SUMMIT, Trillion Sensors Summit, Tokyo Japan 2014
Slide 18
From Information to Knowledge
Sensors Data
Information
Knowledge
Wisdom
Edge
Operating System
Connectivity Software
Complex Inferencing
Engine including Contextual
and Temporal Analytics and
Predictive software
Data Storage
Dat Filtering
Algorithms
Security, Privacy, Identity,
and Safety
M2M Focus
Critical item across the board: Analytics

19. Slide 19
Sandhiprakash Bhide – Intel Corporation, TSENSOR SUMMIT, Trillion Sensors Summit, Tokyo Japan 2014
Slide 19
From Knowledge to Wisdom
Sensors Data
Information
Knowledge
Wisdom
Operating System
Connectivity Software
Highly Complex,
combinatorial Analytics
Large Mirrored Data
Storage and systems
Data Filtering Algorithms
Security, Privacy, Identity,
and Safety
Backend/Cloud
IOT (system of systems)
Critical item across the board: Analytics

20. Slide 20
Sandhiprakash Bhide – Intel Corporation, TSENSOR SUMMIT, Trillion Sensors Summit, Tokyo Japan 2014
Slide 20
Conclusion
• IOT App opportunity space is humongous
(100M?)
• The amount of data generated from 50B devices
and 1T+ sensors will be massive
• The data must be reduced to information at the
generation node to reduce large data overload
• The IOT technologies and apps must address
IOT usages and deliver expected User
Experience
• Security, Privacy, and Identity need to be
designed in from day 1

21. Slide 21
Sandhiprakash Bhide – Intel Corporation, TSENSOR SUMMIT, Trillion Sensors Summit, Tokyo Japan 2014
Slide 21
Thank you