4. 1. The smallest island group in
the Philippines.
2. These stories explain how a
certain thing, such as a fruit,
vegetable, etc.. came into
existence – mostly to teach a
lesson in the end.
3. About a hero’s adventure.
4. The largest island in the
Philippines.
5. These are traditionally stories
passed on from generation to
generation by word of mouth.
6. the second largest island group
in the Philippines.
7. It usually involves gods and
goddesses with divine powers.
Folkales
Mindanao
Myths
Luzon
Visayas
Legends
Epic
8. “Learn to appreciate every single of
your life, whether it’s good or bad
for it will become a part of your
memories later on.”
-Life Quotes
9. Learning Objectives
• Identify some of the major literary
works from different regions.
• Describe the major literary works from
a particular region.
• Appreciate a literary work by analyzing
an epic.
At the end of the lesson, you should be
able to:
10. Some literary genres common
in the regions:
oEpics
oLegends
oMyhts
oFolktalesFolklores
11. Epics
These are lengthy
narrative poems that are
usually about a hero’s
adventure.
Some examples of epics
include Biag ni Lam-ang,
Ibalon and Hinilawod.
12. Legends
These are traditional stories that are passed
down from generation to generation that could
not be verified to be true.
These stories explain how a certain thing, such
as a fruit, vegetable, etc.. came into existence –
mostly to teach a lesson in the end.
Example:
Alamat ng Pinya- is one of the popular legends
here in the country. It is the story about a girl
named Pinang who always asks her mother Aling
Rosa where she can find things. Aling Rosa
wishes Pinang to have more than a pair of eyes
so she can find things on her own. One morning,
Aling Rosa was surprised that Pinang turned into
a pinya (pineapple).
13. These are stories that explain a belief, custom or
strange natural phenomenon. It usually
involves gods and goddesses with divine
powers.
Example:
Why The Sky Is High
- is a myth about brothers Ingat and Daskol. Ingat
was more favored by his parents than Daskol. Ingat, as his
name implies, was careful, whereas Daskol performed his
duties clumsily. One day, he was angrily pounding a huge
amount of palay. Eager to finish his work quikly, Daskol
would raise the pestle so high that it hit the sky. His anger
added up to his strength that every time he would raise the
pestle, the sky would be raised higher. When he was done,
he looked up and noticed how far the sky already was.
Myths
14. These are traditionally stories passed on from
generation to generation by word of mouth.
They often include myths, legends and
sometimes superstitious beliefs. Juan Tamad is
one of the most popular folktales in the
country.
Juan tamad - is a story about a man named Juan who
was extremely lazy. In one of the story’s versions, Juan was
instructed by his mother to buy crabs in the market. On his
way home, he heard his friends playing near the riverbank.
Juan wanted to join them. So he released the crabs into the
shore as he believes that the crabs can reach their house.
Noon came and Juan hurried home. His mother was so
angry and asked where the crabs are. Juan was so scared
of his mother that after telling what he did to the crabs he
immediately hid at the backyard.
FolktalesFolklores
15. Luzon is the largest island in the Philippines.
It is divided into eight regions.
1. llocos Region
2. Cagayan Valley Region
3. Cordillera Administrative Region
(CAR)
4. National Capital Region (NCR)
5. Bicol Region
6. Central Luzon
7. MIMAROPA ( Mindoro, Marinduque,
Romblon and Palawan)
8. CALABARZON (Cavite, Laguna,
Batangas, Rizal and Quezon)
I. Literary Texts from Luzon
16. Bikolano
Ilokano
Kapampangan
Pangasinense
Tagalog
Aetas
Igorots
Ibalois
Mangyans
Major regional languages in Luzon are:
Some ethic groups that can be found in
Luzon are:
Apayaos
Kalingas
Itnegs
17. Some of the major literary
works from Luzon:
1. Ibalon or Ibalong (Bicol Region) - -
this is an epic about three heroes–
Baltog, Handiong and Bantong–
who all defeated their adversaries.
2. Hudhud (Cagayan Valley Region)–
this an epic chanted by the Ifugaos
during harvest. It is about a folk hero
name Aliguyon and his 3 year battle
with Pumbakhayon.
18. 3. The legend of Maria Makiling
(CALABARZON)– this is story about a
mountain in Laguna named Makiling
that was guarded by a fairy named
Maria. The townsfolk fondly called her
Mariang Makiling.
4. Biag ni Lam-ang (Ilocos Region)– this
is an epic about Lam-ang, a man with
extraordinary strength who sets out to
find his missing father Don Juan.
19. II. Literary Texts from Visayas
Visayas is the smallest island group in
the Philippines.
It is divided into three regions:
Western Visayas
Central Visayas
Eastern Visayas
The major regional languages in
Visayas are:
Cebuano
Hiligaynon or Ilonggo
Kinaray-a
Waray
21. Some of the major literary works from
Visayas:
1. Hinilawod (Western Visayas)– this is an
epic that tells about the adventures of three
demigod brothers namely Dumalapdap,
Labaw Donggon and Humadapnon. This
28,000 verse epic is one of the longest epics
in the world.
2. Sicalac and Sicavay (Central Visayas)– this
is a creation myth about how man (Sicalac)
and woman (Sicavay) came into existence
through a bamboo shoot.
3. Tungkung Langit and Alunsina (Western
Visayas)– this is a creation myth about the
gods Tungkung Langit and Alunsina.
22. III. Literary Texts in Mindanao
Mindanao is the second largest island
group in the Philippines.
It is divided into six regions:
1. Davao Region
2. Zamboanga Peninsula
3. Northern Mindanao
4. SOCCSKSARGEN ( South
Cotabato, Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat,
Sarangani and General Santos)
5. ARMM (Autonomous Region in
Muslim Mindanao)
6. Caraga Region
23. Major regional languages in
mindanao are;
Chavacano
Maguindanao
Maranao
Tausug
The region is generally inhabited by
Muslims. Although they are no longer a
majority, the Islamic culture is still evident.
Large groups of ethic minorities can be found
in Mindanao such as Maranao, Maguindanao,
Ilanun and Sangil. These groups are also
referred to as a Moro. Meanwhile, the
fallowing groups are found in the uplands:
the Bagobo, Bukidnon, Manadaya, Manobo
and Subanon.
24. Major literary works from Mindanao
1. Bantugan
– this is a Maranao epic that tells about
the brave Prince Bantugan of Bumbaran
whom no one dares to challenge. King
Madali is jealous of his brother Bantugan and
commands his people not to talk to
Bantugan. This prompts Bantugan to leave
their kingdom.
2. Ag Tobig nog Keboklagan or The
Kingdom of Keboklagan
– this is a Subanen epic that is chanted
or performed during their week-long buklog
festival. It tells the life and adventures of an
extraordinary hero named Taake.
25. 3. Ulahingan
– this is a Manobo epic about Agyu and
his family who fled due to a conflict with their
rules. A fairy guides them and promises to
grant them immortality after they surpass
various challenges.
4. Indarapatra at Sulayman
– this is an epic about four creatures that
came to wreak havoc in Mindanao. King
Indarapatra sends his brother Prince
Sulayman to save the land from the creatures.
5. Tuwaang attends a Wedding
– this is a Bagobo epic about a hero
named Tuwaang who attends the wedding of
the Maiden Monawon.
26. IV. Other Notable Literary Works
Aside from legends, myths, folktales and epic,
the Philippines is home to great fiction
writers. While most of them have already
been conferred as National Artists in
Literature, some are also recognized
internationally for their exceptional writing
prowess.
Below are some of the remarkable literary texts in the country:
“The Bread of Salt” by N.V.M. Gonzales
“The Summer Solstice” by Nick Joaquin
Ginto sa Makiling by Macario Pineda
“Scent of Apples” by Bienvenido Santos
Sa Mga Kuko ng liwanag ( In the Claws of Brightness) by
Edgardo Reyes
Impeng Negro by Rogelio Sikat
Dekada ‘70 by Lualhati Bautista
Footnote to Youth by Jose Garcia Villa
27. Footnote to Youth excerpt
Taeng did not complain, but the bearing
of children told on her. She was shapeless and
thin now, even if she was young. There was
interminable work to be done. Cooking.
Laundering. The house. The children. She cried
sometimes, wishing she had not married. She did
not tell Dodong this, not wishing him to dislike
her. Yet she had not married. Not even Dodong,
whom she loved. There had been another suitor,
Lucio, older than Dodong by nine years, and that
was why she had chosen Dodong. Seventeen.
Lucio had married another after her marriage to
Dodong, but he was childless until now. She
wondered if she had married Lucio, would she
have borne him children. Maybe not either. That
was a better lot. But she loved Dodong….
28. Philippine Literature
from Region
Luzon
• Ibalon or Ibalong
• Hudhud
• “The Legend of Mariang
Makiling”
• Biag ni Lam-ang
Visayas
• Hinilawod
• “Sicalac and Sicavay
• “Tungkung Langit
and Alunsina
Mindanao
• Bantugan
• Ag Tobig Nog Keboklagan
• Ulahingan
• Indarapatra and Sulayman
• Tuwaang Attends a Wedding
31. 1. is a myth about brothers Ingat
and Daskol.
2. These are traditionally stories
passed on from generation to
generation by word of mouth.
3. These are traditional stories that
are passed down from
generation to generation that
could not be verified to be
true.
4. this is an epic about four
creatures that came to wreak
havoc in Mindanao.
5. a man with extraordinary
strength who sets out to find his
missing father Don Juan.
a. Indarapatra at
Sulayman
b. FolktalesFolklores
c. Biag ni Lam-ang
d. Why The Sky Is
High
e. Legends
32. 6-10. Identify if it from LUZON, VISAYAS and
MINDANAO
6. “Sicalac and Sicavay vi
7. “The Legend of Mariang Makiling” lu
8. Bantugan mi
9. Hinilawod vi
10. Tuwaang Attends a Wedding mi
11-14.
MIMAROPA stands for?
15. Who is your crush?
33. ANSWERS:
1. D
2. B
3. E
4. A
5. C
6. Visayas
7. Luzon
8. Mindanao
9. Visayas
10. Mindanao
11. Mindoro
12. Marinduque
13. Romblon
14. Palawan
