2. This course aims to
engage students in
appreciation and critical
study of 21st Century
Literature from the
Philippines and the
World encompassing
their various
dimensions, genres,
6. WHAT IS
LITERATURE?
Literature, most
generically, is any body
written works. Most
restrictively, literature
refers to writing
considered to be an art
form or any single
writing deemed to have
artistic or intellectual
value, often due to
deploying language in
ways that differ from
ordinary usage.
11. Essence &
significance•To understand the human nature fully
•To learn the innermost feelings and
thoughts of people
•To entertain and give pleasure
•To realize our literary limitations
conditioned by some historical factors
12. •To understand ourselves better and take
pride in being a Filipino
•To better appreciate our literary heritage
•To trace the rich heritage of ideas handed
down to us from our ancestors
•To manifest our deep concern for our
own literature
Essence &
significance
13. QUALITIES OF A GOOD
LITERATURE
Artistry – ‘sense of beauty’
Suggestiveness – ‘emotional power’
Spiritual Value – ‘bringing out moral values’
Permanence – ‘gives fresh delight’
Universality – ‘timeless and timely’
19. TYPES OF POETR
NARRATIVE POETRY
Epic- This is an
extended narrative
about heroic exploits
often under
supernatural control.
It may deal with
Metrical Tale – This is a
narrative which is
written in verse and can
be classified either as a
ballad or a metrical
romanceBallad- this is considered
the shortest and simplest
incident.
20. TYPES OF POETR
LYRIC POETRY
Folksongs- These are
short poems
intended to be sung.
The common theme
is love, despair,
hatred, doubt, joy,
Sonnet- A 14-line poem
with a rhyme scheme
Elegy- This is a lyric
poem which expresses
feelings of a grief and
melancholy and the
theme of which is death
21. TYPES OF POETR
Ode- This is a poem
of noble feelings,
expressed with
dignity, with no
definite number of
lines in a stanza.
Psalm- A This is a song
praising God or the
Blessed Virgin Mary
containing a philosophy
in life.
22. TYPES OF POETR
DRAMATIC POETRY
Comedy- Th This
form usually is light
and written with the
purpose of amusing
spectators and has a
happy ending.
Melodrama- This is used
in musical plays and is
related to the tragedy. It
arouses immediate and
intense emotion and is
usually sad but with a
happy ending for the
23. TYPES OF POETR
DRAMATIC POETRY
Tragedy- The
primary character
has not overcome
desperate
circumstances.
Farce- This is an
exaggerated comedy. It
seeks to arouse wit by
laughable lines and its
situations are too
ridiculous to be true. The
characters seem to be
caricatures and the
25. Periods of Philippine
literature
Period of Re-Orientation
Pre-Hispanic Period
Spanish Period
American Period
Japanese Period
Philippine Republic
Martial Law Period
Post-Martial Law Period
Contemporary Period
29. THE
MAHABHARA
TA
•The longest epic of the
world. It contains the
history of religion of India
•One of the two major
Sanskrit epics of ancient
India, the other being is
Ramayana
30. CANTERBURY
TALES
•It depicts the religion
and customs of the
English in the early
days. This originated
from England and was
written Geoffrey
Chaucer.
34. THE SONG OF
ROLAND
This includes Doce Pares
and Roncesvalles of France.
It tells about the Golden
Age of Christianity in France.
35. THE BOOK OF
THE DEAD
This includes the cult of
Osiris and the
mythology and
theology of Egypt.
36. THE BOOK OF
THE DAYS
This was written by
Confucius of China. This
became the basis of
Christian Religion.
37. ONE THOUSAND
AND ONE NIGHT OR
THE ARABIAN
NIGHTS
From Arabia and Persia
(Iran). It shows the ways of
government, of industries
and of society of the Arabs
and Persians
38. PRE-
Hispa
nic
PERIO
D
Literature was principally ‘oral’
Poetic forms:
Riddles (Bugtong)
Proverbs (Salawikain)
Sayings or Maxims
(Kasabihan)
Folk Songs (Kantahing Bayan)
Epic (Epiko)
Legends (Alamat)
Fables (Pabula)
Folk Tales (Kwentong Bayan)
39. - Also known as
‘bugtong’
- A folklore genre
having double
meanings meant to be
solved.
- A question, puzzle,
phrase, or statement
devised to get
unexpected or clever
answers.
44. - a well-known statement
‘no hidden meaning’
“Ang hindi marunong
lumingon sa pinanggalingan
ay hindi makakarating sa
paroroonan.”
“Ang hindi magmahal sa
kanyang wika ay higit pa sa
hayop at malansang isda.”
45. MAXIMRhyming couplets with verses of 5, 6, or 8 syllables, each
line having the same number of syllables.
‘Pag hindi ukol
Hindi bubukol.’
‘Sa marunong umunawa
Sukat ang ilang salita.’
46. CHANT
- Also known as ‘bulong’ – used in
witchcraft or enchantment
Ikaw ang magnanakaw ng bigas
ko
Lumuwa sana ang mga mata
mo
Mamaga sana ang katawan mo
47. Folk Songs (Kantahing Bayan)
Oyayi –
Lullaby
Soliranin –
Boat Song
Kumintang –
War Song
Diona –
Wedding Song
Kundiman –
Love Song
Dalit -
Religious Song
Dapayanin -
Drinking Song
Hibais - Travel
Song
54. Spanish
PERIOD• Many writing were lost because the Spaniard
burned them… so as not to leave traces of
Philippine literary ingenuity.
• Doctrina Cristiana – Catholic book of prayers
and doctrines; first ever printed book in the
Philippines; written by Fr. Fr. Juan de
Placencia and Fr. Domingo Nieva
55. PASYO
N• written by Gaspar Aquino de Belen, Don Luis,
Fr. Mariano Pilapil, and Fr. Aniceto de la Merced
• depicting the sufferings and death of Jesus
Christ
Pabasa
- cantada
- hablada
59. American Period
• ‘Public School System’
Philippine Normal School (1901)
University of the Philippines (1908)
• ‘English language’
Thomasites – first English teachers
64. Japanese
period•“The writing came to a halt… with
the coming of the Japanese.”
•‘Nippongo or Nihongo (Japanese
Language)
•Ikebana, Origami, Tempura and
Sushi
68. TANKA
“A cool wind blows in
With a blanket of silence.
Straining to listen
For those first few drops of rain,
The storm begins in earnest.”
69. Philippine
republic•Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for
Literature
•By this time, the Filipinos were producing
works in English, vernacular, and Filipino
70. Martial
law
• September 21, 1972
• The writer’s freedoms
were suppressed.
• Only the government
publications continued to
see print
• Malaya – underground
anti-government and
anti-Marcos publication
71. Post
Martial
law
• Edsa Revolution was responsible for the
restoration of the lost freedom.
• GABRIELLA – feminist writers
• National Artist Awards are given to Filipino
writers who have significant contribution to the
Philippine Art.
72. There are increase number of publication and
rise of literary groups or associations.
And these feeling aspirations, customs and traditions that are written is literature. History can also be written and this too, is literature
Etymology: a study of word history
A faithful reproduction of man’s manifold experiences blended into one harmonious expression
True literature is a piece of written work which is undying
Anything that is printed, as long as it is related to the ideas and feelings of people
Novel- a long written story usually about imaginary characters and events
Short story- a short written story usually dealing with few characters: a short work of fiction
Legend- a story from the past that is believed by many people but cannot be proved to be true
Fables- a short story that usually is about animals and that is intended to teach a lesson
Essay- a short piece of writing that tells person’s thoughts or opinions bout a subject
Biography- a story of a real person’s life written by someone other than that person
Autobiography- A biography written by the person it is about
Krishna-Dwaipayan Vyasa
Dante Alighieri
Rodrigo Díaz
Norman poet, Turold, whose name is introduced in its last line.
Gives pieces of wisdom or beliefs that were important on Filipino Society.
