Dive into the vibrant tapestry of 21st-century Philippine literature as it unfolds along the rich timeline of the nation's literary history. This topic examines the dynamic dimensions of Philippine literary evolution, exploring the contemporary voices, themes, and narratives that shape the nation's cultural identity. Discover the diverse range of literary works, authors, and emerging trends that make the 21st century a compelling chapter in the ongoing story of Philippine literature.

1. 21st Century Literature
from the Philippines
and the World

2. General Description
This course aims to engage students in appreciation and
critical study of 21st Century Literature from the
Philippines and the World encompassing their various
dimensions, genres, elements, structures, contexts, and
traditions.
Course Description
Study and appreciation of the literature of the region
where the school is located in relation to the
literature of the other regions of the country.

3. EXPECTED FINAL
REQUIREMENT
produce a creative representation
of a literary text by applying
multi-media skills

4. Literature?
 a body of written (oral)
works portraying aesthetic
quality

5. Literature?
 Story of man
 Helps to understand human nature
 Provides entertainment and pleasure
 Helps appreciate out literary heritage

6. General Types of Literature
PROSE POETRY

7. PROSE
 utilizes natural language, resembling
everyday speech, to convey stories,
ideas, and emotions without the
structured patterns of poetry
Written in sentences and paragraphs

8. PROSE Novel
Short Story
Legend
Fables
Essay
Biography
Autobiography

9. POETRY
 frequently employs rhythmic and
metrical patterns through techniques
like rhyme, meter, and syllabic
structures, creating a musical quality
that distinguishes it from prose

10. POETRY
 relies heavily on figurative language
such as metaphors, similes,
personification, and symbolism,
which enhance the depth and layers
of meaning within the text

11. POETRY Epic
Ballad
Sonnet
Elegy
Ode
Psalm
Narrative Poetry
Lyric Poetry
Dramatic Poetry

12. LITERARY TIMELINE
Try to complete the literary TIMELINE below.
Choose your answers from the given choices
written below
1520 1521-
1871
1872-
1898
1898-
1944
1941-
1945
1946-
1970
1970-
1980
1981-
1985
1986-
1999
2001-
present
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Japanese Period Rebirth of Freedom Post EDSA American
Period Pre-Spanish Period 21st Century Spanish Period
Period of Enlightenment Period of Activism and New
Society Period of Third Philippine Republic

13. Dimensions of Philippine
Literary History
 GEOGRAPHY
 LANGUAGE
 ETHNICITY

14. GEOGRAPHY
 the study of places and the
relationships between people
and their environments
 Location of where the literary
text is located

16. 1. REGION I
2. REGION II
3. REGION III
4. REGION IV-A
REGION IV-B
5. REGION V
6. REGION VI
7. REGION VII
8. REGION VIII
9. REGION IX
10. REGION X
11. REGION XI
12. REGION XII
13. REGION XIII
a. CAGAYAN VALLEY
b. ILOCOS
c. CALABARZON
d. CENTRAL LUZON
e. WESTERN VISAYAS
f. BICOL
g. EASTERN VISAYAS
h. CENTRAL VISAYAS
i. NORTHERN MINDANAO
j. ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA
k. SOCCSKSARGEN
l. DAVAO
m. CARAGA
n. MIMAROPA

17. Region I
Region II
Region III
Region IV-A
Region IV-B
Region V
Region VI
Region VII
Region VIII
Ilocos Region
Cagayan Valley
Central Luzon
Calabarzon
Mimaropa
Bicol Region
Western Visayas
Central Visayas
Eastern Visayas

18. Region IX
Region X
Region XI
Region XII
Region XIII
Zamboanga Peninsula
Northern Mindanao
Davao Region
Socksargen
CARAGA

19. LANGUAGE
 a system of conventional
spoken, manual (signed), or
written symbols by which
individuals express themselves

20. ETHNICITY
 e quality or fact of
belonging to a
population group or
subgroup made up of
people who share a
common cultural
background or descent

21. Tagalog

22. Cebuano

23. Ilocano

24. Maguindanao

25. Tausug

26. Igorot

27. GEOGRAPHY LANGUAGE ETHNICITY

28. LITERARY TIMELINE
-Pre-colonial
-Spanish
-American
-Japanese
-Contemporary/Modern
Period

29. What do we know
about these eras?

30. PRE-COLONIAL
1

37. The first period of the Philippine literary
history is the longest. Long time before the
Spaniards and other foreigners landed on
Philippine shores, our forefathers already
had their own literature stamped in the
history of our race.
PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD

39. • all literature produced before the Spanish
colonization like chants, proverbs, songs,
and folk narrative
These were all passed down from
generation to generation by word of mouth
They depict the people’s livelihood,
customs, and traditions.
PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD

40. BUGTONG
Ang bugtong, pahulaan, o patuturan
ay isang pangungusap o tanong
na may doble o nakatagong
kahulugan na nilulutas bilang
isang palaisipan
mga maiiksing pangungusap na
lubhang makahulugan at
naglalayong magbigay
patnubay sa ating pang-araw-
araw na pamumuhay
SALAWIKAIN

41. “Do not do unto
your fellow men
what you do not
wish done to you.”

42. Ang masama sa iyo, Huwag mong gawin sa
kapwa mo.
- Tagalog
Kung ano and maraot sa imo, Dai mo gibuhon
sa iba.
- Bicol

43. Saanmo aramiden iti padam a tao ti do ca
cayat a maaramidkenka.
- Ilocano
Dili mo pagpuhaton ngato sa uban and alang
kanimo dautan
- Cebuano

44. Daig ng maagap ang masipag. - Tagalog
A stitch in time saves nine.
Do not put off for tomorrow what you can do
today.
The early bird catches the worm.

45. Ibagam no sinno ti caduam ta ibagak nu
sinnoca.
Tell me who your companions are, and ill tell
you who you are.
Birds of the same feather, flock together.

46. Haan nga tau, haan nga hayup, agtedtedted ti
luwana.
A tall white lady, eating her own body.
BUGTONG

47. CHANTS OR BULONG
This was used in witchcraft or
enchantment especially in
remote places in the Visayas.

48. LEGENDS
folklore that consists of a
narrative featuring human actions
perceived or believed both by
teller and listeners to have taken
place within human history

49. FOLKTALES
These are made up of stories
about life, adventure, love,
horror, and humor where one can
derive lessons.

50. EPICS
These are long narrative poems
in which a series of heroic
achievements or events, usually
of a hero, are dealt with at length.

51. FOLK SONGS
These are one of the oldest
forms of Philippine literature that
emerged in the pre-Spanish
period. These songs mirrored the
early forms of culture.

52. The Spanish period in the Philippines, which
lasted for over three centuries, began in 1565
when Spanish explorer Miguel López de
Legazpi arrived and ended in 1898 when the
Philippines declared independence. During this
time, Spain's influence left a lasting impact on
Philippine culture, language, religion, and
society, making it a significant era in the nation's
history.
SPANISH PERIOD (1565 to
1898)

56. predominantly written in
Spanish, reflecting the
colonial influence
Early works included
"Doctrina Christiana,"
which aimed to propagate
Christianity and educate
Filipinos about the
Catholic faith
SPANISH PERIOD

57. Secular literature emerged, including various
forms of poetry like the "Awit" and "Corrido,"
which often depicted love, heroism, and chivalry
SPANISH PERIOD

58. The "Florante at Laura"
by Francisco Balagtas
is a notable epic poem,
illustrating themes of
love and patriotism
SPANISH PERIOD

59. laid the foundation for
the development of
Filipino literature in
the centuries that
followed, as it
introduced new
literary forms and
themes to the culture
SPANISH PERIOD

60. Religious Writings
A significant portion of literature
during this period was devoted to
religious themes. This included
religious texts like the "Doctrina
Christiana," sermons, and
theological treatises.

61. Awit at Corrido
These were forms of narrative
poetry. "Awit" typically dealt with
themes of love, while "Corrido"
often focused on heroic tales.

62. Cenaculos
These were dramatic plays that
reenacted biblical stories and
were often performed during
religious festivals, particularly
during Holy Week.

64. Pasyon
The "Pasyon" is a narrative of the
Passion, Death, and
Resurrection of Jesus Christ. It
was a popular religious literary
form, often chanted or sung
during Holy Week.

65. Panunuluyan
tradisyonal na dula sa bisperas
ng Pasko hinggil sa paghahanap
ng matutuluyan nina Birheng
Maria at San Jose sa Herusalem
at pagsisilang kay Hesus sa
isang sabsaban

66. "Noli Me Tangere" and "El
Filibusterismo" by Jose Rizal:
These novels are considered among the
most influential works in Philippine
literature. "Noli Me Tangere" (1887) and its
sequel, "El Filibusterismo" (1891), exposed
the social injustices and corruption under
Spanish colonial rule and inspired the
Filipino nationalist movement.

68. Ang magkapatid na sina Urbana at Felisa ay
nagpapalitan ng liham dahil sila ay magkalayo.
Si Urbana ay nasa Maynila dahil nag-aaral ito sa
isang pamantasang pambabae roon.
Si Felisa naman ay binibigyan ng pangaral ang
kaniyang kapatid na si Urbana dahil malayo ito
at nasa Maynila.

69. Ayon kay Felisa, dapat daw ay lumayo sa
anumang tukso ang kapatid upang makapag-
aral nang maayos at hindi maging sagabal sa
kaniyang pagtatapos.

70. Nais ni Felisa na taglayin din ng kaniyang
kapatid ang kaniyang magandang pag-uugali at
mahusay na pakikisama kaya naman patuloy
ang pagpapaalala niya sa kapatid. Panay ang
paalala niya sa kapatid sa mga bagay na dapat
ugaliin sa iba’t ibang pagkakataon. Umiwas din
daw si Urbana sa mga bisyo.

71. Si Urbana naman ay nanghihingi ng balita
tungkol sa kanilang kapatid na si Honesto.
Sinasagot naman siya ni Felisa kasabay ang
mga kuwento tungkol sa mga nagaganap sa
kanilang lugar na Paombong, Bulacan.
Nanghingi rin ng payo si Felisa sa kaniyang ate
dahil sa pagpapakasal niya kay Amadeo.

72. Sa huling bahagi ng kanilang palitan ng liham,
malungkot na ibinalita ni Felisa ang pagpanaw
ng kanilang ama.
Sabi raw ng tatay nina Urbana, sabihin na
lamang sa kaniyang wala na ang ama kung
tapos na ang burol upang hindi mag-alala ang
kaniyang anak na nasa malayong lugar.

75. This era saw significant changes in Philippine society
and governance, including the establishment of a
democratic government, the introduction of English
as the medium of instruction, and the
implementation of modern infrastructure and
education systems.
AMERICAN PERIOD
(1898 to 1946)

79. One of the most noticeable changes during this period
was the shift from Spanish to English as the primary
language of literary expression. The American
colonial government promoted English as the
medium of instruction in schools, and this policy
had a profound impact on Philippine literature.

80. The American period saw the
introduction of new literary
forms, such as the short
story and the essay, which
were popularized by writers
like Manuel Arguilla and
Carlos Bulosan. These
forms allowed for concise
and focused storytelling.

81. Despite the American
influence, many
Filipino writers
continued to express
their nationalist and
patriotic sentiments.

82. Known for his short
stories like "How My
Brother Leon
Brought Home a
Wife," which depicted
rural life and the
struggle for identity.

83. Amado Hernandez: His
novel "Mga Ibong
Mandaragit"
addressed issues of
social injustice and
exploitation.

84. Several literary publications and
magazines played a significant role
in promoting and shaping Filipino
literature.

85. American period is considered a golden age of Tagalog
literature because it was a time of significant growth and
development in the field. The promotion of the Tagalog
language, the emergence of various literary forms, the
prevalence of nationalistic themes, the presence of literary
publications, and the contributions of notable writers all
contributed to the flourishing of Tagalog literature during this
period. Additionally, this era played a crucial role in shaping
the cultural and linguistic identity of the Philippines.
AMERICAN PERIOD

86. The Japanese established a puppet
government under President José P. Laurel.
This government had limited autonomy but
was ultimately controlled by the Japanese
military. The Japanese occupation was
marred by numerous human rights abuses,
including massacres, torture, and atrocities
committed by Japanese soldiers against
Filipino civilians and resistance fighters.
JAPANESE PERIOD
(1941 to 1945)

90. The weekly LIWAYWAY was
placed under strict surveillance
until it was managed by the
Japanese.

91. Three types of poems emerged
during this period. Haiku, Tanaga
and Karaniwang Anyo

94. Because of the strict prohibitions imposed by the Japanese
in the writing and publishing of works in English,
Philippine literature in English experienced a dark period.
JAPANESE PERIOD
(1941 to 1945)

96. The contemporary period in Philippine
literature refers to the literary landscape from
the late 20th century to the present day. This
period has been marked by a rich diversity of
voices and themes, reflecting the evolving social,
political, and cultural landscape of the
Philippines.
CONTEMPORARY PERIOD

101. Contemporary Period
• Most Philippine writers are educators. Various writers’
guild and award-giving bodies were institutionalized
during this period. Its main goals is to produce finest
literary writers in the English Language.

104. Martial Law Literature
As years went by, Political unrest buffeted the young
Republic. Campus newspapers showed rebellious
emotions. They held pens and wrote on placards in red
paints. There is a direct military control and suspension of
ordinary law, which is characterized by extreme controlled
society. Prominent political figures and media personalities
who openly criticized the government were arrested,
incarcerated and/or went missing.

106. Protest Literature
Sometime called as revolutionary literature, refers to works
that express distaste, disagreement, or transgression to the
present government, applicable to the current political
social, and/or economic conditions of the country when the
works were written. An example as Lualhati Bautista’s
Dekada ‘70.

107. Prison Literature
Prison literature refers to literary works produced by authors who are
incarcerated or confined in a secluded area such as prison cell.
During martial law, the government arrested not only political and
media dissidents but also writers and scholars such as Bienvenido
Lumbera, Ricardo Lee, and among others. Some examples of prison
literature include Pintig sa Malamig na Bakal: Poems and Letters
from the Philippine Prison (1979) and Mila Aguila’s Why Cage
Pigeons? (1984

109. CONTEMPO Literature
Gay and women writings, including male authors writing about
women, and gay and feminist discourses developed. Post EDSA
writings paved the way for the development of vernacular literature,
or literature written using the daily speech of common people, which
is also became a source of regional literary histories.

110. CONTEMPO Literature
From conservative plots, literary works nowadays are gender-
sensitive, exploring the plurality of culture and challenging social
normality. Technology plays an important role. From blogs, stories
are materialized and turned into books: such is the case for Bob Ong
and Marcelo Santos III, a popular anonymous writer who uses this
pseudonym.

111. CONTEMPO Literature
Stories uploaded via Wattpad not only materialize into books but a
areal so adapted into movies such as Diary ng Panget, She’s Dating
the Gangster.

113. CONTEMPO Literature
Women, lesbian ang gay writings continue to flourish and become
recognized and accepted. More regional works are being recognized,
and these literary texts are now included in workshops and awards.
Writers also embark on translating their works into another language
or dialect or translating a foreign work into Filipino, such as
Remoto’s translation of John Green’s The Fault in our Stars.

115. What modern twist to the classic
Philippine folktale was added to the
story?
What is the impact of this modern twist
to the overall impression to the story?

116. LAZY
JUAN

117. Juan Tamad was, like, this super chill dude in
the Philippines, right? He was famous for being,
well, lazy AF. He lived with his mom, and all he
wanted to do was sleep all day and avoid any kind
of work.
One day, his mom was like, "Juan, you gotta
do something with your life, bro. Get off that lazy
butt of yours!" She told him to go out and look for
some bayabass because they needed to eat. Juan was
like, "Ugh, seriously, Ma?" but he did it anyway.

118. So, he goes to this bayabas tree, and instead of
climbing it like a normal person, he just lays under
it and waits for a bayabas to fall into his mouth. He
thought, "Why work when gravity can do the job for
me?" Genius, right?
But of course, bayabas didn't just magically
drop into his mouth. He lay there for hours, and
nothing happened. Juan Tamad was getting
frustrated, but he refused to budge.

119. Finally, a passerby saw this dude lying there and was
like, "Dude, what are you doing?" Juan Tamad
replied, "I'm waiting for a bayabas to fall. Why
bother climbing the tree?"
The passerby shook his head and said, "Man,
you gotta put in some effort. Life doesn't work that
way." He showed Juan how to climb the tree, pick
the bayabas, and actually do some work.

120. Juan Tamad learned his lesson that day – that
life isn't about waiting for things to fall into your lap,
but you gotta hustle and put in the effort. So, he
started working hard and stopped being such a lazy
bum. But hey, his story still reminds us that
sometimes, we all need a little kick in the butt to get
going.

121. In the story, Juan Tamad's approach to
life is marked by laziness and a desire
for the easy way out. How does the story
illustrate the theme that success and
progress often require hard work and
effort? What message does this convey
to the readers?

122. MiniTask: Concept Board