Senior High School - 21st Century Literature from the Philippines to the World

1. Philippine National
Artists for Literature
MISS PAULENE GALIMBA GACUSAN

2. What is a National Artist?
• A national artist is a Filipino citizen who
has been given the rank and title of
National artist in recognition of his or her
significant contributions to the
development of Philippine Arts and
Letters.

3. What is the Order of National
Artists
• Orden ng Gawad Pambansang Alagad ng
Sining
• A rank, title, and a wearable award that
represents the highest national recognition
given to Filipinos who have distinct
contributions in the field of arts and letters

4. The Insignia of the Order of
National Artists
• Composed of a Grand Collar
featuring circular links
portraying the arts, and eight-
pointed conventionalized
sunburst suspended from a
sampaguita wreath in green
and white enamel.

5. The Insignia of the Order of
National Artists
• Medallion divided into
three equal portions,
red, blue and white,
recalling the Philippine
flag.

6. The Insignia of the Order of
National Artists
• Three stylized letter Ks –
the KKK stands for the
CPP’s motto:
Katotohanan, Kabutihan,
kagandahan. – First Lady
Imelda Marcos, CPP’s
founder

7. Honors and Privileges
1. The rank and title of National Artist, as
proclaimed by the President of the
Philippines.

8. Honors and Privileges
2. The insignia of a National Artist and a
citation

9. Honors and Privileges
3. Lifetime emolument and material and
physical benefits comparable in value to
those received by the highest officers of
the land such as:

10. Honors and Privileges
a. Cash award of 100, 000 pesos for living
awardees
b. Cash award of 75,000 pesos for
posthumous awardees, payable to
legal heirs

11. Honors and Privileges
c. A monthly life pension, medical and
hospitalization benefits
d. Life insurance coverage for Awardees
who are still insurable

12. Honors and Privileges
e. A state funeral and burial at the Libingan
ng mga Bayani
f. A place of honor

13. NATIONAL ARTISTS
FOR LITERATURE

14. AMADO
VERA
HERNANDEZ
National Artist
for Literature
(1973)

15. AMADO VERA HERNANDEZ
• September 13, 1903 – May 24, 1970
• “Makata ng Mangagawa”
• Amado V. Hernandez, poet, playwright,
and novelist, is among the Filipino
writers who practiced “committed art”.

16. AMADO VERA HERNANDEZ
• In his view, the function of the writer
is to act as the conscience of society
and to affirm the greatness of the
human spirit in the face of inequity
and oppression.

17. AMADO VERA HERNANDEZ
• Hernandez’s contribution to the
development of Tagalog prose is
considerable — he stripped Tagalog
of its ornate character and wrote in
prose closer to the colloquial than
the “official” style permitted.

18. AMADO VERA HERNANDEZ
• His novel Mga Ibong Mandaragit,
first written by Hernandez while in
prison, is the first Filipino socio-
political novel that exposes the ills of
the society as evident in the agrarian
problems of the 50s.

19. • Hernandez’s other works include:
• Bayang Malaya
• Isang Dipang Langit
• Luha ng Buwaya
• Amado V. Hernandez: Tudla at Tudling: Katipunan ng mga
Nalathalang Tula 1921-1970
• Langaw sa Isang Basong Gatas at Iba Pang Kuwento ni
Amado V. Hernandez
• Magkabilang Mukha ng Isang Bagol at Iba Pang Akda ni
Amado V. Hernandez.

20. JOSE
GARCIA
VILLA
National Artist
for Literature
(1973)

21. JOSE GARCIA VILLA
“Art is a miraculous flirtation with
Nothing!
Aiming for nothing, and landing on
the Sun.”
―Doveglion: Collected Poems

22. JOSE GARCIA VILLA
• August 5, 1908 – February 7, 1997
• He is considered as one of the finest
contemporary poets regardless of
race or language.
• Lived in Singalong, Manila

23. JOSE GARCIA VILLA
• Introduced the reversed consonance
rhyme scheme, including the comma
poems that made full use of the
punctuation mark in an innovative,
poetic way.

24. JOSE GARCIA VILLA
• The first of his poems “Have Come, Am
Here” received critical recognition when
it appeared in New York in 1942 that,
soon enough honors and fellowships
were heaped on him: Guggenheim,
Bollingen, the American Academy of Arts
and Letters Awards.

25. JOSE GARCIA VILLA
• He used Doveglion (Dove, Eagle,
Lion) as penname, the very
characters he attributed to
himself

26. JOSE GARCIA VILLA
• He used Doveglion (Dove, Eagle,
Lion) as penname, the very
characters he attributed to
himself

27. NICK
JOAQUIN
National Artist
for Literature
(1976)

28. NICK JOAQUIN
“Before 1521 we could have been
anything and everything not
Filipino; after 1565 we can be
nothing but Filipino.” ―Culture and
History, 1988

29. NICK JOAQUIN
• May 4, 1917 – April 29, 2004
• Regarded by many as the most
distinguished Filipino writer in
English writing so variedly and so
well about so many aspects of the
Filipino.

30. NICK JOAQUIN
• Enriched the English language
with critics coining
“Joaquinesque” to describe his
baroque Spanish-flavored English
or his reinventions of English
based on Filipinisms.

31. NICK JOAQUIN
• Aside from his handling of language, Bienvenido
Lumbera writes that Nick Joaquin’s significance in
Philippine literature involves his exploration of the
Philippine colonial past under Spain and his
probing into the psychology of social changes as
seen by the young, as exemplified in stories such
as Doña Jeronima, Candido’s Apocalypse and The
Order of Melchizedek.

32. NICK JOAQUIN
• Written plays, novels, poems, short stories and
essays including reportage and journalism.
• As a journalist, Nick Joaquin uses the name de
guerre Quijano de Manila but whether he is
writing literature or journalism, fellow National
Artist Francisco Arcellana opines that “it is always
of the highest skill and quality”.

33. • Among his voluminous works are:
• The Woman Who Had Two Navels
• A Portrait of the Artist as Filipino
• Manila, My Manila: A History for the Young
• The Ballad of the Five Battles
• Rizal in Saga
• Almanac for Manileños
• Cave and Shadows

34. CARLOS P.
ROMULO
National Artist
for Literature
(1982)

35. CARLOS P. ROMULO
• January 14, 1899 – December 15, 1985
• Multifaceted career spanned 50 years of public
service as educator, soldier, university president,
journalist and diplomat. It is common knowledge
that he was the first Asian president of the United
Nations General Assembly, then Philippine
Ambassador to Washington, D.C., and later
minister of foreign affairs.

36. CARLOS P. ROMULO
• Essentially though, Romulo was very much into
writing: he was a reporter at 16, a newspaper
editor by the age of 20, and a publisher at 32.
• He was the only Asian to win America’s coveted
Pulitzer Prize in Journalism for a series of articles
predicting the outbreak of World War II.

37. CARLOS P. ROMULO
• Romulo, in all, wrote and published 18
books, a range of literary works which
included The United (novel), I Walked with
Heroes (autobiography), I Saw the Fall of
the Philippines, Mother America, I See the
Philippines Rise (war-time memoirs).

38. CARLOS P. ROMULO
• His other books include his memoirs of his
many years’ affiliations with United Nations
(UN):
–Forty Years: A Third World Soldier at the UN
–The Philippine Presidents - his oral history of
his experiences serving all the Philippine
presidents.

39. FRANCISCO
ARCELLANA
National Artist
for Literature
(1990)

40. FRANCISCO ARCELLANA
• “The names which were with infinite slowness
revealed, seemed strange and stranger still; the
colors not bright but deathly dull; the separate
letters spelling out the names of the dead among
them, did not seem to glow or shine with a festive
sheen as did the other living names.”(from “The
Mats”, Philippine Contemporary Literature, 1963)

41. FRANCISCO ARCELLANA
• September 6, 1916 – August 1, 2002
• Writer, poet, essayist, critic, journalist
and teacher, and one of the most
important progenitors of the modern
Filipino short story in English.

42. FRANCISCO ARCELLANA
• He pioneered the development of the short story
as a lyrical prose-poetic form.
• For Arcellana, the pride of fiction is “that it is able
to render truth, that is able to present reality”.
• A brilliant craftsman, his works are now an
indispensable part of a tertiary-level-syllabi all
over the country.

43. FRANCISCO ARCELLANA
• Arcellana’s published books
are Selected Stories (1962), Poetry and
Politics: The State of Original Writing in
English in the Philippines
Today (1977), The Francisco Arcellana
Sampler(1990).

44. Some of his short stories are:
• Frankie
• The Man Who Would Be Poe
• Death in a Factory
• Lina
• A Clown Remembers
• Divided by Two
• The Mats

45. • His poems being:
• The Other Woman
• This Being the Third Poem This Poem
is for Mathilda
• To Touch You and I Touched Her

46. ROLANDO S.
TINIO
National Artist
for Theatre and
Literature (1997)

47. ROLANDO S. TINIO
• March 5, 1937 – July 7, 1997
• Playwright, thespian, poet,
teacher, critic and translator

48. ROLANDO S. TINIO
• Tinio’s chief distinction is as a stage director
whose original insights into the scripts he handled
brought forth productions notable for their visual
impact and intellectual cogency.
• Subsequently, after staging productions for the
Ateneo Experimental Theater (its organizer and
administrator as well), he took on Teatro Pilipino.

49. ROLANDO S. TINIO
• It was to Teatro Pilipino which he left a
considerable amount of work reviving traditional
Filipino drama by re-staging old theater forms like
the sarswela and opening a treasure-house of
contemporary Western drama.
• It was the excellence and beauty of his practice
that claimed for theater a place among the arts in
the Philippines in the 1960s.

50. ROLANDO S. TINIO
• His collections of poetry:
• Sitsit sa Kuliglig
• Dunung – Dunungan
• Kristal na Uniberso
• A Trick of Mirrors

51. ROLANDO S. TINIO
• Film scripts:
• Now and Forever
• Gamitin Mo Ako

52. ROLANDO S. TINIO
• Sarswelas:
• Ang Mestisa
• Ako
• Ang Kiri
• Ana Maria

53. N.V.M.
GONZALES
National Artist
for Literature
(1997)

54. N.V.M. GONZALES
• September 8, 1915 – November 28, 1999
• Nestor Vicente Madali Gonzalez, better
known as N.V.M. Gonzalez, fictionist,
essayist, poet, and teacher, articulated the
Filipino spirit in rural, urban landscapes.

55. N.V.M. GONZALES
• Among the many recognitions, he won the
First Commonwealth Literary Contest in
1940, received the Republic Cultural
Heritage Award in 1960 and the Gawad CCP
Para sa Sining in 1990. The awards attest to
his triumph in appropriating the English
language to express, reflect and shape
Philippine culture and Philippine sensibility

56. N.V.M. GONZALES
• He became U.P.’s International-Writer-In-
Residence and a member of the Board of
Advisers of the U.P. Creative Writing Center.
• In 1987, U.P. conferred on him the Doctor of
Humane Letters, honoris causa, its highest
academic recognition.

57. • Major works of N.V.M Gonzalez include the following:
• The Winds of April
• Seven Hills Away
• Children of the Ash-Covered Loam and Other Stories
• The Bamboo Dancers
• Look Stranger, on this Island Now
• Mindoro and Beyond: Twenty -One Stories
• The Bread of Salt and Other Stories
• Work on the Mountain
• The Novel of Justice: Selected Essays 1968-1994
• A Grammar of Dreams and Other Stories.

58. LEVI
CELERIO
National Artist
for
Literature/Music
(1997)

59. LEVI CELERIO
• April 30, 1910 – April 2, 2002
• Levi Celerio is a prolific lyricist and
composer for decades.

60. LEVI CELERIO
• He effortlessly translated/wrote
anew the lyrics to traditional
melodies: “O Maliwanag Na Buwan”
(Iloko), “Ako ay May Singsing”
(Pampango), “Alibangbang” (Visaya)
among others.

61. LEVI CELERIO
• Born in Tondo, Celerio received his
scholarship at the Academy of Music
in Manila that made it possible for
him to join the Manila Symphony
Orchestra, becoming its youngest
member.

62. LEVI CELERIO
• He made it to the Guinness Book of
World Records as the only person
able to make music using just a leaf.

63. LEVI CELERIO
• A great number of his songs have
been written for the local movies,
which earned for him the Lifetime
Achievement Award from the Film
Academy of the Philippines.

64. LEVI CELERIO
• Levi Celerio, more importantly, has
enriched the Philippine music for no
less than two generations with a
treasury of more than 4,000 songs
in an idiom that has proven to
appeal to all social classes.

65. EDITH L.
TIEMPO
National Artist
for Literature
(1999)

66. EDITH TIEMPO
• April 22, 1919 – August 21, 2011
• Edith L. Tiempo, poet, fictionist, teacher and
literary critic is one of the finest Filipino
writers in English whose works are
characterized by a remarkable fusion of style
and substance, of craftsmanship and insight.

67. EDITH TIEMPO
• Born on April 22, 1919 in Bayombong,
Nueva Vizcaya, her poems are intricate
verbal transfigurations of significant
experiences as revealed, in two of her
much anthologized pieces, “The Little
Marmoset” and “Bonsai”.

68. EDITH TIEMPO
• As fictionist, Tiempo is as morally profound. Her
language has been marked as “descriptive but
unburdened by scrupulous detailing.” She is an
influential tradition in Philippine literature in
English. Together with her late husband, Edilberto
K. Tiempo, she founded and directed the Silliman
National Writers Workshop in Dumaguete City,
which has produced some of the country’s best
writers.

69. EDITH TIEMPO
• Tiempo’s published works include the novel A
Blade of Fern (1978), The Native Coast (1979),
and The Alien Corn(1992); the poetry
collections, The Tracks of Babylon and Other
Poems (1966), and The Charmer’s Box and Other
Poems(1993); and the short story
collection Abide, Joshua, and Other
Stories (1964).

70. F. SIONIL
JOSE
National Artist
for Literature
(2001)

71. F. SIONIL JOSE
• F. Sionil Jose’s writings since the late
60s, when taken collectively can best be
described as epic.

72. F. SIONIL JOSE
• Its sheer volume puts him on the forefront
of Philippine writing in English. But
ultimately, it is the consistent espousal of
the aspirations of the Filipino–for national
sovereignty and social justice–that
guarantees the value of his oeuvre.

73. F. SIONIL JOSE
• In the five-novel masterpiece, the Rosales
saga, consisting of The Pretenders, Tree, My
Brother, My Executioner, Mass, and Po-on,
he captures the sweep of Philippine history
while simultaneously narrating the lives of
generations of the Samsons whose personal
lives intertwine with the social struggles of
the nation.

74. F. SIONIL JOSE
• Because of their international appeal, his
works, including his many short stories, have
been published and translated into various
languages.
• F. Sionil Jose is also a publisher, lecturer on
cultural issues, and the founder of the
Philippine chapter of the international
organization PEN.

75. F. SIONIL JOSE
• He was bestowed the CCP Centennial
Honors for the Arts in 1999; the Outstanding
Fulbrighters Award for Literature in 1988;
and the Ramon Magsaysay Award for
Journalism, Literature, and Creative
Communication Arts in 1980.

76. VIRGILIO S.
ALMARIO
National Artist
for Literature
(2003)

77. VIRGILIO S. ALMARIO
• Virgilio S. Almario, also known as Rio
Alma, is a poet, literary historian and
critic, who has revived and reinvented
traditional Filipino poetic forms, even as
he championed modernist poetics.

78. VIRGILIO S. ALMARIO
• In 34 years, he has published 12 books
of poetry, which include the
seminal Makinasyon and Peregrinasyon
, and the landmark trilogy Doktrinang
Anakpawis, Mga Retrato at
Rekwerdo and Muli, Sa Kandungan ng
Lupa.

79. VIRGILIO S. ALMARIO
• In these works, his poetic voice soared
from the lyrical to the satirical to the
epic, from the dramatic to the
incantatory, in his often severe
examination of the self, and the society

80. VIRGILIO S. ALMARIO
• Many Filipino writers have come under his wing in
the literary workshops he founded –the Galian sa
Arte at Tula (GAT) and the Linangan sa Imahen,
Retorika at Anyo (LIRA).
• He has also long been involved with children’s
literature through the Aklat Adarna series,
published by his Children’s Communication Center

81. VIRGILIO S. ALMARIO
• He has been a constant presence as well
in national writing workshops and
galvanizes member writers as chairman
emeritus of the Unyon ng mga
Manunulat sa Pilipinas (UMPIL).

82. VIRGILIO S. ALMARIO
• But more than anything else, what
Almario accomplished was that he put a
face to the Filipino writer in the country,
one strong face determinedly wielding a
pen into untruths, hypocrisy, injustice,
among others.

83. ALEJANDRO
ROCES
National Artist
for Literature
(2003)

84. ALEJANDRO ROCES
“You cannot be a great writer; first,
you have to be a good person”

85. ALEJANDRO ROCES
• July 13, 1924 – May 23, 2011
• Alejandro Roces, is a short story
writer and essayist, and considered
as the country’s best writer of comic
short stories.

86. ALEJANDRO ROCES
• He is known for his widely anthologized
“My Brother’s Peculiar Chicken.”
• In his innumerable newspaper columns,
he has always focused on the neglected
aspects of the Filipino cultural heritage.

87. ALEJANDRO ROCES
• His works have been published in various
international magazines and has received
national and international awards.
• Ever the champion of Filipino culture, Roces
brought to public attention the aesthetics of
the country’s fiestas.

88. ALEJANDRO ROCES
• He was instrumental in popularizing several local
fiestas, notably, Moriones and Ati-atihan.
• He personally led the campaign to change the
country’s Independence Day from July 4 to June
12, and caused the change of language from
English to Filipino in the country’s stamps,
currency and passports, and recovered Jose Rizal’s
manuscripts when they were stolen from the
National Archives.

89. ALEJANDRO ROCES
• His unflinching love of country led him to become
a guerilla during the Second World War, to defy
martial law and to found the major opposition
party under the dictatorship.
• His works have been published in various
international magazines and received numerous
national and international awards, including
several decorations from various governments.

90. BIENVENIDO
LUMBERA
National Artist
for Literature
(2006)

91. BIENVENIDO LUMBERA
• Bienvenido Lumbera, is a poet, librettist,
and scholar.
• As a poet, he introduced to Tagalog
literature what is now known as Bagay
poetry, a landmark aesthetic tendency that
has helped to change the vernacular poetic
tradition.

92. BIENVENIDO LUMBERA
• He is the author of the following
works: Likhang Dila,Likhang Diwa (poems in
Filipino and English), 1993; Balaybay, Mga
Tulang Lunot at Manibalang, 2002; Sa
Sariling Bayan, Apat na Dulang May
Musika, 2004; “Agunyas sa Hacienda
Luisita,” Pakikiramay, 2004.

93. BIENVENIDO LUMBERA
• As a librettist for the Tales of the Manuvu
and Rama Hari, he pioneered the creative
fusion of fine arts and popular imagination.

94. BIENVENIDO LUMBERA
• As a scholar, his major books include the
following: Tagalog Poetry, 1570-1898:
Tradition and Influences in its
Development; Philippine Literature: A
History and Anthology, Revaluation: Essays
on Philippine Literature, Writing the
Nation/Pag-akda ng Bansa.

95. LAZARO
FRANCISCO
National Artist
for Literature
(2009)

96. LAZARO FRANCISCO
• February 22, 1898 – June 17, 1980
• Prize-winning writer Lazaro A.
Francisco developed the social realist
tradition in Philippine fiction.
• His eleven novels, now acknowledged
classics of Philippine literature, embodies
the author’s commitment to nationalism.

97. LAZARO FRANCISCO
• Francisco championed the cause of the
common man, specifically the
oppressed peasants. His novels exposed
the evils of the tenancy system, the
exploitation of farmers by unscrupulous
landlords, and foreign domination

98. LAZARO FRANCISCO
• His pen dignifies the Filipino and
accents all the positives about the
Filipino way of life. His writings have
contributed much to the formation of a
Filipino nationalism.

99. LAZARO FRANCISCO
• When the history of the Filipino novel is written,
Francisco is likely to occupy an eminent place in it.
Already in Tagalog literature, he ranks among the
finest novelists since the beginning of the 20th
century. In addition to a deft hand at
characterization, Francisco has a supple prose
style responsive to the subtlest nuances of ideas
and the sternest stuff of passions.

100. LAZARO FRANCISCO
• Francisco gained prominence as a writer not only
for his social conscience but also for his
“masterful handling of the Tagalog language” and
“supple prose style”.
• With his literary output in Tagalog, he contributed
to the enrichment of the Filipino language and
literature for which he is a staunch advocate.

101. LAZARO FRANCISCO
• He put up an arm to his advocacy of Tagalog as a
national language by establishing the Kapatiran ng
mga Alagad ng Wikang Pilipino (KAWIKA) in 1958.
• His reputation as the “Master of the Tagalog
Novel” is backed up by numerous awards he
received for his meritorious novels in particular
and for his contribution to Philippine literature
and culture in general.

102. LAZARO FRANCISCO
• His masterpiece novels—Ama, Bayang
Nagpatiwakal, Maganda Pa Ang
Daigdig and Daluyong—affirm his eminent place
in Philippine literature. In 1997, he was honored
by the University of the Philippines with a special
convocation, where he was cited as the “foremost
Filipino novelist of his generation” and “champion
of the Filipino writer’s struggle for national
identity.”

103. CIRILO F.
BAUTISTA
National Artist
for Literature
(2014)

104. CIRILO F. BAUTISTA
• Cirilo F. Bautista is a poet, fictionist and essayist
with exceptional achievements and significant
contributions to the development of the country’s
literary arts.
• He is acknowledged by peers and critics, and the
nation at large as the foremost writer of his
generation.

105. CIRILO F. BAUTISTA
• Throughout his career that spans more than
four decades, he has established a
reputation for fine and profound artistry; his
books, lectures, poetry readings and creative
writing workshops continue to influence his
peers and generations of young writers.

106. CIRILO F. BAUTISTA
• Bautista continues to contribute to the
development of Philippine literature: as a writer,
through his significant body of works; as a
teacher, through his discovery and
encouragement of young writers in workshops
and lectures; and as a critic, through his essays
that provide insights into the craft of writing and
correctives to misconceptions about art.

107. CIRILO F. BAUTISTA
• Major works: Summer Suns (1963), Words
and Battlefields (1998), The Trilogy of Saint
Lazarus (2001), Galaw ng Asoge (2003).