Traffic Engineering and Management Stream

1. Debunking the Myths - Hostile Vehicle Mitigation
AITPM – Perth 2018

2. Luke Pascoe
Arup Resilience, Security & Risk
Senior Consultant
Chartered Civil Engineer (CPEng,
CEng MICE)
Principal of the Register of
Security Engineers & Specialists
Registered Security Adviser (VIC)
Projects
Oslo City Centre
Metropolitan Police Headquarters
Melbourne Airport

3. Myth #1
Hostile Vehicle
Mitigation is
bollards

5. Hostile Vehicle Mitigation is a process, not a product.
“Successful design & deployment of Hostile
Vehicle Mitigation Measures (HVM) requires
considerable thought and negotiation as
security, business and safety needs are not
always mutually compatible.” (CPNI 2010)
The key to a successful security outcome is correct
diagnosis of the problem. Question why you have a
security problem before thinking how to fix it.

6. Myth #2
Barriers have to
be tested

7. Global testing standards include:
• PAS 68:2013
• IWA 14-1:2013
• ASTM F2656-18
• PAS 170-1:2013
“The HVM standards set out
in existing CPNI guidance
provides the ‘gold standard’. That
standard may not always be
possible or proportionate.” (CPNI
2017)

9. Myth #3
The thin red
line

10. Myth #4
The 1.2m rule

11. Bollard Spacing – A Brief History
• “Restrict the width of gap so that normal sized cars, and
especially goods vehicles, are prevented from passing
between adjacent bollards. A suggested maximum gap is 1.2
m between the upright faces of successive bollards.” (PAS
69:2006)
• “The air gap between structural elements of adjacent VSB
systems or any other rigid or fixed physical feature forming
the secure perimeter should be no greater than 1 200 mm.”
(PAS 69:2013)
• “Bollard spacing – gap between adjacent bollards to be no
greater than 1200mm when measured at 600mm above
finished ground surface to impede the vehicle threat from
micro-vans” (IWA 14-2:2013)
Honda Street = 1200mm
Smart Fortwo = 1663mm
Toyota Hilux = 1665 to 1855mm

12. By definition – areas we are trying to protect are
crowded. Key factors to consider:
• Crowd movement & safety (Love Parade 2010)
• Site accessibility (disability requirements)
• Operations & legitimate vehicle movements
• Where is the threat originating from?

13. Myth #5
Bollards
installed –
problem gone

14. Site access quick checklist:
• Emergency services access
• Legitimate user access protocols (e.g.
accreditation)
• Time to activate
• Waiting space (vehicle queueing)
• Maintenance regime
• Fault tolerance, detection and override
• Drainage
• Lighting & signage
• Pedestrian & cyclist safety
• Vehicle safety

15. Regime Estimated
Vehicle
Transit Time
Vehicles per
Minute
Nothing 1s 60
Visual pass
check
4s 15
Hands-on
pass check
8s 7
Single VSB
line
19s 3
Multi vehicle
airlock
20s 3
Single vehicle
airlock
30s 2

16. Hostile Vehicle Mitigation is not just a security
problem. It is an engineering, planning, operations,
logistics, traffic, transport & construction problem.